Aquatic Science, Animal Science and Zoology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
34
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Effect of dietary Lagnaria breviflora leaves extract on the growth performance, haematological, antioxidative and immune responses of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles Bilal Ahamad Paray, Ibrahim Adeshina, Eijaz Ahmed Bhat, Abdullateef Raji, Samuel B. Umma, et al. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2024 The effects of dietary Lagnaria breviflora leaves extract (LBLE) on the growth performance, feed utilisation and haematological parameters of juveniles African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (mean = 8.45 ± 0.6 g) raised in a flow water (mean temperature 26.7°C, mean pH 7.52, mean dissolved oxygen 6.05 mg/L) were assessed in this study. Diets (400 g/kg crude protein; 4631.5 kcal/kg gross energy) supplemented with LBLE at levels of 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 g/kg diet were served to fish in triplicates (each replicate has 20 fish) until they appeared satiated for 12 weeks. Then, they were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila infection for further 2 weeks. Fish served dietary LBLE had considerable higher weight gain (64.76 g) and specific growth rate (765.5% g/day) than the fish group fed with the control diet with a reduced feed conversion ratio (1.45) (p < 0.05). Compared to fish fed with the control diet, the villi height (146.30 µm) and width (284.35 µm) of the intestines increased greatly in a dose (LBLE in diets) dependent order. Similarly, dietary LBLE increased (p < 0.05) the packed cell volume (46.11%) and haemoglobin (17.03 g/dL), whereas 1.5 g of LBLE increased the counts of white blood cells. Glutathione S‐transferase (769.43 U/mg protein), glutathione peroxidase (84.14 U/mg protein) and superoxide dismutase (433.15 U/mg protein) activities were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in fish fed with diets supplemented with LBLE compared to the control one. Additionally, dietary LBLE increased phagocytic and lysozyme activities and protected C. gariepinus against bacterial infections where the lowest death was observed in the fish fed on the diet containing 1.5 g LBLE/kg feed. These findings showed that the fish fed with LBLE/kg diet improved their immune system, antioxidant and growth performance in addition to providing protection from A. hydrophila infection with the optimum dose of 1.80 g/kg diet.
Stimulatory effect of dietary alpha-lipoic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, liver enzymes, immunity and protection of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.), Edwardsiella tarda infection Ibrahim Adeshina, Bilal Ahamad Paray, Eijaz Ahmed Bhat, Aishat D. Ibrahim, Lateef O. Tiamiyu Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2024 Edwardsiella tarda is one of the most common causes of fish diseases that hinder aquaculture. Oxidative stress in farm animals can induce a number of pathological disorders, production and general animal welfare. The use of exogenous dietary nonenzymatic antioxidants such as alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA) can stop a pro‐oxidant state and thus appears to have the potential to modulate the immune system and protect fish from bacterial infection. Thus, this study investigates the stimulatory effect of dietary ALA on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, liver enzymes, immunity and protection of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.), against an infection with E. tarda. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets (400 g/kg of crude protein) containing ALA at doses of 0.0 (control), 500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 mg/kg diet were served to 300 juveniles of African catfish (mean weight = 8.2 ± 0.2 g) adequately thrice per day for 12 weeks. Thereafter, 0.1 mL of E. tarda (ATCC 15947; 1.0 × 108 CFU/mL) was intraperitoneally injected into 10 fish from each tank and was monitored for 14 days. The results showed that ALA‐fortified diets significantly boosted the fish growth, feed consumption and utilization and feed conversion ratio but no did not affect fish survival rate. The highest final fish weight (g), weight growth (g) and weight gain (%) were all considerably higher in fish fed with ALA‐fortified diets (p < 0.05), especially from 1000 to 200 mg/kg ALA than the control group. Also, an enhanced hemato‐biochemical, antioxidant and immune indices were noticed in African catfish‐fed ALA‐enriched diets. In a dose‐dependent order, the levels of haematological indices such Ht, Hb, RBCs, WBCs and platelets were markedly increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, fish fed with ALA‐based diets showed substantial (p < 0.05) declines in aspartate and alanine aminotransferase values, with the lowest values being found in the 2000 mg/kg diet while control group had highest values. Further, African catfish fed the feed fortified with 2000 mg ALA/kg diet showed the highest levels of lysozyme, respiratory burst, proteases and esterase activities (p < 0.05). Following exposure of fish to E. tarda infection, a significant reduction in the mortality was obtained in African catfish fed with ALA‐based diets, especially from 1500 to 2000 mg ALA/kg diet (3.3%); while fish fed with the control diet had highest mortality (86.7%). Therefore, diets supplemented with ALA evoked fish growth performance, antioxidants and nonspecific immunity of African catfish. Also, resistance of African catfish to E. Tarda infection were raised when fed ALA‐fortified diets at optimum inclusion rate of 1300 mg ALA/kg diet.
Dietary β-Mannanase Affects the Growth, Antioxidant, and Immunes Responses of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and Its Challenge Against Aeromonas hydrophila Infection Ibrahim Adeshina, Bilal Ahamad Paray, Eijaz Ahmed Bhat, Shahid Sherzada, Olaolu O. Fawole, et al. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2024 One of the most farmed fishes is the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Its production has increased by 20% annually on average during the last 20 years, but the occurrence of fish diseases, especially bacterial such as Aeromonas hydrophila infections, is hindering its activities. Also, the incorporation of plant‐derived substances in aquafeeds is limited since they frequently contain different antinutritional factors, like nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs). However, supplementing fish diets with β‐mannanase could increase growth, antioxidants, and immunity. Despite the advantage of β‐mannanase, its effects on growth, digestive enzymes, antioxidants, and immunity in African catfish need to be elucidated. This study examined the effects of dietary β‐mannanase on the growth performance, liver enzymes, antioxidant profiles, immunity, and protection of African catfish, C. gariepinus, against A. hydrophila infection. Five isonitrogenous diets were prepared to have 400 g/kg crude protein and supplemented with β‐mannanase at 0, 1500, 3000, 4500, or 6000 thermostable endo, 1,4‐β‐mannanase units (TMUs)/kg diet and fed to 300 juveniles of the African catfish, C. gariepinus (mean weight 12.1 ± 0.1 g) for 12 weeks. Then, 10 fish from each tank received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL of A. hydrophila (5.0 × 105 CFU/mL) and observed for 14 days. Results showed dietary β‐mannanase levels considerably improved growth performance but did not affect fish survival. Also, amylase, protease, and lipase levels were significantly promoted in the fish fed with β‐mannanase‐fortified diets than the control group (p < 0.05). Enhanced gut villi and intestinal absorption areas, haematlogical profiles, and liver enzymes but reduced gut viscosity were observed in fish‐fed β‐mannanase‐fortified diets (p < 0.05). In a dose‐dependent order, including β‐mannanase in the meals of African catfish raised the levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) activities and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) values in African catfish (p < 0.05). Also, fish immunity was greatly (p < 0.05) enhanced due to supplementation of the diet with β‐mannanase. In addition, fish‐fed diets comprising 6000 TMU β‐mannanase/kg diet showed the lowest rates of fish mortality (7.5%) (p < 0.05). Therefore, feeding African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, β‐mannanase enhanced growth performance, increased activity of digestive enzymes, gut morphology, enhanced generation of short‐chain fatty acids, digesta potential of hydrogen (pH), and improved antioxidant profiles and immunity at the optimum dose of 5800 TMU/kg diet. Additionally, β‐mannanase protected African catfish against A. hydrophila infection.
Insight Into Dietary Utilization of African Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) Oil: Assessing the Effect on Growth, Serum Biochemistry, Liver, and Intestinal Histomorphology of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Femi J. Fawole, Yusuf O. Yusuf, Lateef O. Tiamiyu, Orighomisan N. Arawore, Praise B. Akinlabi, et al. Aquaculture Research, 2024 The quest to reduce dependency on fish‐ or vegetable‐based oil resources has prompted aquaculture experts to intensify their search for a suitable and sustainable alternative for aquafeed production. Based on this reality, the current study was designed to evaluate the dietary influence of African palm weevil oil (PWO) on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, lipid peroxidation products, antioxidant enzyme response, and organ integrity of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles. Four diets were formulated, wherein the control diet was prepared using soybean oil (SO) as the main dietary oil source and was replaced with PWO in the treatment diets at 50% (PWO‐50), 75% (PWO‐75), or 100% (PWO‐100). A total of 180 African catfish (average weight: 18.76 ± 0.043) were randomly stocked at 15 fish per 50‐L tank in triplicate and hand‐fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 45 days. The results showed that the highest weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and thermal growth coefficient (TGC) were found in control (SO)‐fed fish, which is similar to the PWO 50% but differs significantly from others (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein productive value (PPV) showed linear and quadratic trends, with a significantly lowest and highest value recorded in fish‐fed control and PWO 50%, respectively, compared to other dietary groups (p < 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) value decreases linearly (p < 0.001) as the level of PWO increases. The highest total immunoglobulin (TIG) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were recorded in fish fed PWO‐50%, while PWO‐75% registered the highest lysozyme activity (LA). There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in the physiological parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and lipid peroxidation index (malondialdehyde [MDA]) among the groups. The fish fed PWO‐100% had the lowest recorded values of villus height, area of absorption, and cryptal depth (p < 0.05). In summary, the current finding shows that oil extracted from African palm weevils appears promising at a 50% dietary level without impairing the growth performance, liver, or intestinal health of African catfish.
Effects of dietary supplementation with microbial phytase on the growth, bone minerals, antioxidant status, innate immunity and disease resistance of African catfish fed on high soybean meal-based diets Ibrahim Adeshina, Benjamin U. Akpoilih, Lateef O. Tiamiyu, Abdulhameed A. Badmos, Benjamin O. Emikpe, et al. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2023 The microbial phytase, derived from Buttiauxella gaviniae, Yersinia mollarettiv and Hafnia spp., is proven to be safe for avian and porcine feeding and promotes their overall growth performance. Here, we have evaluated microbial phytase's effects on the growth, bone mineral content, antioxidant status, immune responses and the resistance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed with high soybean meal-based diets against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Five isonitrogenous diets (40% protein) were supplemented with different levels of microbial phytase ranging from 0 as a control to 250, 500, 750 and 1000 FTU/kg diet. African catfish (n = 300; 8.5 ± 0.3 g) were allocated in 15 50-L tanks (in triplicates) and were fed on the prepared tested diets for 12 weeks. After the end of the feeding period of 12 weeks, 10 fish from each replicate was intraperitoneally infected with A. hydrophila (0.5 × 105 CFU/ml) and monitored for 14 days. Dietary phytase levels linearly and quadratically improved the growth performance of African catfish and stimulated feed intake. Bone levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc were also positively modulated in phytase-fed fish, especially at 750-1000 FTU/kg diet. Similarly, counts of red and white blood cells as well as haemoglobin, packed cells volume, platelets, lymphocytes and heterocytes were significantly modulated in all fish fed with phytase-supplemented diets. Higher levels of serum total protein, albumin and globulin were also observed in fish fed with a 750-1000 FTU/kg diet of phytase. Conversely, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities were lower in fish fed with a 750-1000 FTU/kg diet of phytase, compared to those fed the control diet. Moreover, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), reduced glutathione levels and immune responses (lysozyme, respiratory burst, protease and alkaline phosphatase activities) biomarkers were linearly and quadratically elevated, while malondialdehyde values were linearly and quadratically decreased in fish groups fed with phytase-based diets. After administering A. hydrophila, 60.0% of the fish fed the control diet perished, while no mortalities were observed in fish fed with 750-1000 FTU/kg diets. Taken together, the current study reveals that dietary phytase could improve the growth performance, blood profile, bone mineralization, antioxidant activities, immunity and overall protection of African catfish against A. hydrophila infection. Dietary phytase may be efficiently used in the feeding of African catfish to enhance their overall performance and mitigate health conditions with optimum level of 900 FTU/kg diet.
Dietary implications of detoxified jatropha curcas kernel for clarias gariepinus fingerlings Victor Tosin Okomoda, Sarah Ojonogecha Musa, Lateef Oloyede Tiamiyu, Shola Gabriel Solomon, Cosmas Chidiebere Alamanjo, et al. Veterinary Sciences, 2021 Antinutritional components must be substantially reduced to ensure better utilization of unconventional feeds in animal nutrition. Among the different methods of processing, soaking represents a simple and inexpensive alternative. This study attempted to determine the nutritional properties of socked Jatropha curcas kernel (JCK) and the effect of its dietary inclusions on Clarias gariepinus (n = 50; mean initial weight = 6.19 ± 0.52 g). Three treatments of JCK (i.e., soaking 24, 48, and 72 h) were tested alongside a control group. The result showed that soaking substantially improved proximate composition and reduced anti-nutrient compared to the control JCK. A similar trend of improved performance was observed when the treated JCK was included in diets composed of 35% crude protein; a total of 315 kcal g−1 energy and fed to C. gariepinus for 56 days. Alongside the improvement observed in growth, it was also noted that carcass protein and haematological variables were improved with the dietary administration of soaked JCK. Histological examination of the intestine and liver tissues also revealed fewer signs of histopathological degeneration in the fish, consequent upon dietary inclusion of soaked JCK (i.e., 72 h) compared to those raised on the raw JCK-included diets. It was, therefore, concluded that soaking could be a much easier method of nutritionally improving JCK for the administration to C. gariepinus.
Growth performance and innate immune response of clarias gariepinus infected with aeromonas hydrophila fed diets fortified with Curcuma longa leaf West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017
