Proximate composition, fiber fractions, techno-functional and pasting properties of wheat and African palmyra palm shoot composite flours and acceptability of their developed chin-chin snacks Rowland M. O. Kayode, Bashirat Romoke Ajibade, Sarafa Adeyemi Akeem, Idowu Bukola Kayode, Oluwaseun Ajibola, et al. Discover Food, 2025 African palmyra palm (Borassus aethiopum Mart.) is an underutilized plant indigenous to tropical Africa and its shoot which is usually eaten raw or cooked is often appreciated for its medicinal value. The suitability of wheat and African palmyra palm shoot (APPS) composite flours (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50) for the production of functional chin-chin snack was examined in this study. Wheat flour (100%) and its chin-chin were the controls. Proximate, fiber fractions, techno-functional and pasting properties of the composite flours were evaluated and acceptability of the developed snacks was examined. Fat, ash and protein of the composite flours decreased while fiber increased with increasing inclusion of APPS flour. Inclusion of APPS flour resulted in the composite flours having higher (p ≤ 0.05) neutral detergent soluble fiber (51.61–98.64%), acid detergent fiber (14.76–37.09%), lignin (11.72–30.09%), silica (1.14–1.99%), cellulose (2.14–5.21%), and hemicellulose (36.52–61.52%). Increasing the level of substitution of APPS flour increased the water absorption capacity (76.91-115.38%), swelling index (1.65–2.07) and dispersibility (70.49–88.53%) but decreased oil absorption capacity (172.88-136.26%) and bulk density (0.8630–0.7939 g/mL) of the composite flours. Substitution of wheat flour with APPS shoot flour (10–50%) resulted in decreased peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity and peak time. Chin-chin snacks containing up to 30% APPS flour were acceptable, with those with 10% substitution level being the best. This study revealed that African palmyra palm shoot flour could be explored as a sustainable functional ingredient for the production of baked and fried food products.
INFLUENCE OF SWEETENERS AND FREEZE-DRYING ON THE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF SORREL (ZOBO) DRINKS Akeem Sarafa Adeyemi, Adereti Adesewa Grace, Ajibola Oluwaseun, Ebabhamiegbebho Peter Akhere, Oluwagbenga Adeoye Sheriff, et al. Annals of the University Dunarea De Jos of Galati Fascicle Vi Food Technology, 2024 Aiming to add value to sorrel drink, effects of sweeteners (sugar and honey) and freeze-drying on the physicochemical properties, micronutrients and sensory attributes of sorrel drink were evaluated. Freeze-dried sorrel drink sweetened with honey was higher in yield (30% vs 10%) and solubility index (44.2 vs 44.19). Freeze-drying and sweetener type significantly (p ˂ 0.05) affected the moisture (9.84-86.08%), pH (3.64-4.51), total soluble solids (8.20-15.10 ˚Brix) and ash (0.56-2.19%) contents of sorrel drink. Freeze-drying led to more concentrated calcium (0.10-1.15 mg/100g), potassium (0.80-4.30 mg/100g), magnesium (0.21-1.99 mg/100g), iron (0.07-0.10 mg/100g) and sodium (10.00-17.00 mg/100g) contents, with sugar-sweetened samples recording higher mineral contents. Both freeze-drying and honey addition resulted in increased vitamin C content, while the anthocyanin content was reduced. Sweetener type showed no significant effect on sensory attributes of the fresh and reconstituted drink samples but the mean sensory scores of the reconstituted drinks were significantly lower than those of fresh drink samples. Nevertheless, all the samples were accepted by the panelists. After 4 weeks of storage, 63.47% and 61.83% vitamin C losses were recorded for sugar- and honey-sweetened drink powders, respectively. This study therefore revealed the potential application of honey and freeze-drying in the production of functional instant sorrel drink powder.
NUTRITIONAL, ANTI-NUTRITIONAL, AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF COWPEA HULL-ENRICHED GARI I. F. Olawuyi, G. M. Olapade, O. R. Karim, O. A. Abiodun, K. O. Salami, et al. Ceylon Journal of Science, 2024 In continuous search for solutions to malnutrition, mainly prevalent among the people of developing countries, various views have been expressed regarding the necessity to improve the nutritional quality of indigenous foods such as gari through better processing and enrichment with cheap and readily available plant materials such as cowpea hull. Gari was produced using the traditional method and enriched with freshly produced cowpea hull in dry form to improve the nutritional composition. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of stages of inclusion of cowpea hull on some quality attributes of gari. Factorial design of 2 stages of inclusion (before and after fermentation) with 4 levels (0 %, 3 %, 5 % and 7 %) of cowpea hull treatments and standard methods were used to analyze the enriched gari (EG). The results of the proximate analysis of gari revealed that as inclusion level increases crude fibre, ash and crude protein contents increased in the fermented EG. Enrichment caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in the minerals and the amino acid profile compared to the control while fermentation caused a significant increase in vitamins content of EG. The titratable acidity of the EG may be linked to the increase in amino acid content of the samples, and pH ranged from 3.87 to 3.99. Fermentation of the cowpea hulls with cassava mash significantly enhanced the sensory characteristics and make them acceptable than their unfermented counterpart. Based on the results, it is recommended to enrich gari by incorporating 7% cowpea hull that have undergone fermentation with cassava mash.
Quality assessment of different polyethylene-packaged groundwater in the Ilorin metropolis of Nigeria for compliance with standards Mutiat Balogun, Tawakalitu Aruna, Olaide Akintayo, Rasheedat Imam, Olayinka Shukurat, et al. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 2024 There is a notable proliferation of sachet water brands in the Ilorin Metropolis of Nigeria. However, more information regarding their safety for human consumption is required. This study aimed to determine the quality attributes of sachet water produced within the Ilorin metropolis of Nigeria to ascertain their conformity with regulatory standards. Three sachet water companies were each selected from three Local Government Areas within the study area. Physicochemical and microbial analyses were conducted on the collected water samples within 24 hours of production and monthly during 4-month storage. The results showed that temperature (25.10-30.13 ℃) and turbidity (0.37-2.84 NTU) were within permissible limits. Total hardness (36.0-136.33 mg/L) and pH (6.42-8.86) significantly (p ≤0.05) increased during storage and were above standards in some samples. There were significant (p ≤0.05) variations in chlorides (2.83-8.57 mg/L), nitrates (0.15-0.64 mg/L), sulphates (4.70-7.12 mg/L), and sodium contents (10.16-18.74 mg/L) but all were within standards. While five of the nine sachet water brands complied (2-100 CFU/mL) with the limit of 100 CFU/mL for the total viable count, all the samples failed the zero-tolerance requirement for coliform. Possible fecal contamination was concluded as the main concern with the sachet water brands produced within Ilorin Metropolis, suggesting their unfitness for human consumption. The water brands may, therefore, pose severe health hazards to consumers and threaten public health. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the likely unfitness of some sachet water brands in the Ilorin Metropolis of Nigeria for human consumption, owing to fecal coliform. This underscores the need for regulatory agencies to intensify the certification process of prospective sachet water factories. Furthermore, regular inspections of certified factories and their practices and products are recommended to ensure continued compliance with regulatory standards.
Physical characteristics, nutritional composition and acceptability of gluten-free crackers produced from germinated pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), defatted-sesame seed (Sesamum indicum) and defatted-tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) composite flours Sarafa Adeyemi Akeem, Balikis Oluwakemi Mustapha, Ridwan Opeyemi Ayinla, Oluwaseun Ajibola, Winnifred Oluwaseyi Johnson, et al. Discover Food, 2023 Crackers are flat, crispy, baked snacks typically prepared from wheat flour. Recently, increasing efforts are being made towards the use of novel ingredients with health, economic and nutritional benefits in the production of crackers. In this study, physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of gluten-free crackers (GFCs) developed from germinated pearl millet, defatted-sesame seed and defatted-tigernut composite flours (90:0:10, 80:10:10, 70:20:10, 60:30:10) against those of 100% wheat cracker (WHFC) were investigated. Compared to wheat flour, formulated composite flours demonstrated higher water and oil absorption capacities but swelling indices were comparable. While WHFC showed higher (P < 0.05) colour characteristics (L*, a* and b*) as well as higher weight, thickness and diameter, the GFCs exhibited improved spread ratio. The developed GFCs were also higher in ash (2.41–2.71%), fibre (3.63–4.18%), protein (9.14–12.21%), and energy (376.82–381.58 kCal/100 g) but lower in carbohydrates (67.60–69.76%). Phytates were generally low in all the crackers, whereas WHFC showed highest trypsin inhibitors (8.8 mg/100 g). GFCs containing defatted-sesame seeds had the highest calcium (2.81 mg/100 g) and lowest iron (0.17 mg/100 g) contents, respectively. In vitro protein digestibility was generally higher (P < 0.05) in the developed GFCs than wheat cracker. Mean sensory scores of > 6 on a 9-point Hedonic scale indicated that the GFCs were generally accepted by the panellists. The study revealed the potentials of composite flours prepared from germinated pearl millet, defatted-sesame seed, and defatted-tigernut flours in the production of acceptable, nutritious and healthy crackers.
African fermented root and tuber-based products Olaide Akinwunmi Akintayo, Olayemi Eyituoyo Dudu, Wasiu Awoyale, Abe Shegro Gerrano, Tunji Victor Odunlade, et al. Indigenous Fermented Foods for the Tropics, 2023
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