Traveling Seaweeds—Seasonal and Latitudinal Diversity of Epiphytic Seaweeds on Stranded Rafts of the Floating Seaweed Durvillaea incurvata Along the Chilean Coast Boris A. López, Ricardo Jeldres, Macarena Bravo, David Jofré-Madariaga, Camila Latapiat, et al. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2026 Floating seaweeds can be an effective dispersal vector for non-buoyant seaweeds. An under-explored aspect is the examination of seaweed rafts and their non-buoyant seaweed community after the floating journey ends. In this study, we analyzed 476 entire stranded specimens of the floating seaweed Durvillaea incurvata and their associated epiphytes, which were collected during winters and summers of 2023–2025 at four sites along the continental coast of Chile (between 31° S and 41° S). A total of 57 species of epiphytic seaweeds were found, with a higher predominance of Rhodophyta (71.9%). The most representative morpho-functional group was coarsely branched (29.1%). The species Lessonia spicata, Antithamnionella ternifolia, Corallina chilensis, Gelidium rex, G. chilense, and G. lingulatum were found frequently, and 67% of all epiphyte specimens found were reproductive. A higher taxonomic richness of epiphytes was observed at the southern-central sites compared to the northern site, being higher in summer than in winter. These results confirm that epiphytes associated with floating seaweeds are common and that many of these have reproductive structures. Co-occurrence analysis suggests that interactions among morpho-functional groups of epiphytes facilitate long-distance dispersal events. Future studies should assess the physiological viability and ability to reproduce of epiphytes after extensive floating journeys. This would contribute to understanding the effectiveness of rafting dispersal by floating seaweeds on the connectivity of raft-associated algal populations.
Kelps on the move: Potential future distribution areas in the face of climate change, on the Pacific coast of South America Milen Duarte, Natalia Sanhueza, Julio A. Vásquez, Fadia Tala, Alejandra V. González Plos One, 2025 Kelp forests are critical marine ecosystems that offer key services such as habitat, coastal protection, carbon sequestration, and support for fisheries. Along the temperate Pacific coast of South America, however, these seaweeds have historically been subjected to intense exploitation pressure, given their value as an economic resource. Additionally, they are impacted by oceanographic and climatic factors such as ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) event and ongoing climate change. The combined effects of these stressors pose a significant threat to their biomass and geographic distribution. Species distribution models under four representative concentration pathways for 2050 were used to assess the current and future potential distribution of two endemic intertidal kelp species, Lessonia berteroana and Lessonia spicata, which represent two of the four primary kelp species targeted by regional fisheries in the region. This approximation allows us to identify future areas of persistence (retained), retreat (lost), and expansion (gained). The results show that the environmental variables that mainly affected the potential distribution were salinity in L. berteroana and surface water temperature for L. spicata. The predictive models suggest that for L. berteroana, the lost area could reach 60.6%, and retained areas could account for 31.6% of the current area. Similarly, for L. spicata, the models indicate a potential loss of 58.6%, with retained areas comprising approximately 58.2% of the current area. Therefore, models predict a significant contraction could lead to the local disappearance of Lessonia species between 14° S and 25° S, profoundly altering coastal ecosystems and diminishing the critical ecosystem services they provide. Our modeling results underscore the urgent need for informed management and conservation strategies for kelp forests, which serve as vital ecosystem engineers. This research is especially critical in the face of climate change and ongoing anthropogenic pressures such as overexploitation. The study provides a robust scientific foundation for proactive measures to mitigate kelp forest decline and preserving their invaluable ecosystem functions along the Pacific coast of South America.
Environmental and local habitat variables as predictors of trophic interactions in subtidal rocky reefs along the SE Pacific coast Catalina A. Musrri, Alistair G. B. Poore, Oscar Pino, Nicolás Riquelme, Wolfgang B. Stotz, et al. Ecography, 2025 Temperature generally drives latitudinal patterns in the strength of trophic interactions, including consumption rates. However, local community and other environmental conditions might also affect consumption, disrupting latitudinal gradients, which results in complex large‐scale patterns. This study assessed the relative effect of environmental variables and local consumer communities on predation and herbivory along more than 22 degrees of latitude (∼2500 km) of the Chilean coast. Consumption assays with animal prey (porcellanid crabs and squidpops) and the kelp Lessonia spp. were used to assess predation (after 2 h and 24 h) and herbivory (after 24 h) at 12 study sites where important environmental variables (seawater characteristics, habitat features and consumer community characteristics) were measured. For each prey type, we aimed to identify the variables that best explained variation in consumption. Predation rates were positively related to temperature, but also with dissolved oxygen and higher salinities, all variables that are thought to favour higher metabolic rates in consumers. Local habitat characteristics (i.e. higher bare rock cover) negatively affected predation rates on porcellanid crabs, likely because large predatory fish feeding on crabs (which also explain higher crab consumption) are less abundant in seaweed‐free areas (kelp or understory algae). There was a decrease in herbivory with higher understorey algae cover, possibly due to the presence of alternative, more palatable seaweeds. The fact that the offered kelp blades were not consumed at latitudes where phlorotannin contents were very high suggests a relationship between consumption and seaweed palatability. Since many of the explanatory variables did not show a strict latitudinal trend, large‐scale consumption patterns can vary with sources of local variation that affect the consumer metabolism, foraging efficiency and consumption pressure.
Alginate Oligosaccharides Protect Gastric Epithelial Cells against Oxidative Stress Damage through Induction of the Nrf2 Pathway Samantha Acevedo, Alejandra A. Covarrubias, Paola Haeger, Floria Pancetti, Fadia Tala, et al. Antioxidants, 2024 Gastric diseases represent a significant global public health challenge, characterized by molecular dysregulation in redox homeostasis and heightened oxidative stress. Although prior preclinical studies have demonstrated the cytoprotective antioxidant effects of alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs) through the Nrf2 pathway, whether such mechanisms apply to gastric diseases remains unclear. In this study, we used the GES-1 gastric cell line exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a damage model to investigate the impact of AOS on cell viability and its associated mechanisms. Our results revealed that pre-incubation with AOS for either 4 h or 24 h significantly improved the viability of GES-1 cells exposed to H2O2. In addition, AOS reduced the intracellular ROS levels, activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, with increased Nrf2 protein and mRNA expression and a significant upregulation of the target genes HO-1 and NQO1. The activation of Nrf2 was correlated with decreased Keap1 protein expression and an increased level of the autophagy protein p62/SQSTM1, suggesting the activation of Nrf2 through a noncanonical pathway. This study suggests that AOS is a potential treatment for protecting gastric epithelial cells from oxidative stress by activating the p62/SQSTM1-Keap1-Nrf2 axis and laying the foundation for future investigations about its specific therapeutic mechanisms.
The Humboldt Current System of northern and central Chile - Oceanographic processes, ecological interactions and socioeconomic feedback Oceanography and Marine Biology, 2007