Benjamin Akpoilih
@uniport.edu.ng
Lecturer, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt
University
EDUCATION
B.Tech in Fisheries and Wildlife, Federal University of Technology, Akure; MSc in Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan; PhD in Aquaculture, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Aquatic Science, Physiology
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Benjamin U. Akpoilih, Ibrahim Adeshina, Chiamaka F. Chukwudi, and Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
Elsevier BV
Ibrahim Adeshina, Benjamin U. Akpoilih, Lateef O. Tiamiyu, Abdulhameed A. Badmos, Benjamin O. Emikpe, and Mohsen Abdel‐Tawwab
Wiley
The microbial phytase, derived from Buttiauxella gaviniae, Yersinia mollarettiv and Hafnia spp., is proven to be safe for avian and porcine feeding and promotes their overall growth performance. Here, we have evaluated microbial phytase's effects on the growth, bone mineral content, antioxidant status, immune responses and the resistance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed with high soybean meal-based diets against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Five isonitrogenous diets (40% protein) were supplemented with different levels of microbial phytase ranging from 0 as a control to 250, 500, 750 and 1000 FTU/kg diet. African catfish (n = 300; 8.5 ± 0.3 g) were allocated in 15 50-L tanks (in triplicates) and were fed on the prepared tested diets for 12 weeks. After the end of the feeding period of 12 weeks, 10 fish from each replicate was intraperitoneally infected with A. hydrophila (0.5 × 105 CFU/ml) and monitored for 14 days. Dietary phytase levels linearly and quadratically improved the growth performance of African catfish and stimulated feed intake. Bone levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc were also positively modulated in phytase-fed fish, especially at 750-1000 FTU/kg diet. Similarly, counts of red and white blood cells as well as haemoglobin, packed cells volume, platelets, lymphocytes and heterocytes were significantly modulated in all fish fed with phytase-supplemented diets. Higher levels of serum total protein, albumin and globulin were also observed in fish fed with a 750-1000 FTU/kg diet of phytase. Conversely, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities were lower in fish fed with a 750-1000 FTU/kg diet of phytase, compared to those fed the control diet. Moreover, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), reduced glutathione levels and immune responses (lysozyme, respiratory burst, protease and alkaline phosphatase activities) biomarkers were linearly and quadratically elevated, while malondialdehyde values were linearly and quadratically decreased in fish groups fed with phytase-based diets. After administering A. hydrophila, 60.0% of the fish fed the control diet perished, while no mortalities were observed in fish fed with 750-1000 FTU/kg diets. Taken together, the current study reveals that dietary phytase could improve the growth performance, blood profile, bone mineralization, antioxidant activities, immunity and overall protection of African catfish against A. hydrophila infection. Dietary phytase may be efficiently used in the feeding of African catfish to enhance their overall performance and mitigate health conditions with optimum level of 900 FTU/kg diet.
Ibrahim Adeshina, Benjamin U. Akpoilih, Blessing F. Udom, Olarinke V. Adeniyi, and Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
Elsevier BV
Ebere S. Erondu, Benjamin U. Akpoilih, and Frances S. John
Informa UK Limited
ABSTRACT Several reports show that aquaculture is the fastest food-producing sector globally, contributing nearly half of global fish production from all sectors. However, there has been a steady decline in production of fish oil (FO), which supports intensive aquaculture production. This has resulted in variable but generally increasing prices of FO. Finding suitable alternatives to scarce FO is essential for aquaculture sustainability. Therefore an experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of complete FO substitution with vegetable oil (VO) in the diet of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings on growth performance, whole-body composition, and protein retention. Four isonitrogenous (30% crude protein), isolipidic (8% crude lipid), and isocalorific (17 MJ kg−1gross energy) basal diets were formulated as follows: a control diet was formulated to contain 5% FO and labeled FOD (fish oil diet), and three other diets were formulated and labeled SOD (soya oil diet), GOD (groundnut oil diet), and POD (palm oil diet); they contained soya oil (SO), groundnut oil (GO), and palm oil (PO) respectively as total replacements for FO. Triplicate O. niloticus fingerlings (N = 120, n = 10, 1.20 ± 0.03 g, mean weight ± SD) were randomly allocated to one of four experimental diets. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 63 days. The result obtained from the experiment revealed that dietary lipids significantly influenced growth performance and nutrient utilization of O. niloticus (P < 0.05). The fish fed POD had the least weight gain (WG) and highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with fish fed FOD, SOD, and GOD from days 7–28 (P < 0.05). At day 35 the fish fed SOD had the highest WG (P < 0.05); fish fed GOD had the least WG. The best weekly overall growth at the end of day 56 was observed in fish fed FOD; fish fed POD had the least WG. At day 63, WG of fish fed FOD declined significantly compared to fish fed GOD, POD, and SOD, which had the best growth. At the end of the trial, the best cumulative growth in fish was observed for fish fed FO; however, there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in WG and FCR between fish fed FOD and SOD. Survival was 100% for all treatments. Fish fed POD exhibited significantly lower levels of whole-body protein compared to fish fed FOD, SOD, and GOD. Fish fed a diet containing FO had the highest (P < 0.05) whole protein compared to diets with VO. However, no significant difference (P < 0.05) between whole-body protein of fish fed FOD and SOD was observed. Fish fed SOD had the highest (P < 0.5) body lipid compared with fish fed the FO, GO, and PO diets. In conclusion, the study has demonstrated that VO can completely replace FO in Nile tilapia diet without affecting growth performance of O. niloticus and that tilapia diet containing SO is a better alternative to FO compared to GO and PO. These findings are useful in dietary formulation to reduce feed costs without compromising tilapia fish growth.
Ibrahim Adeshina, Lateef O. Tiamiyu, Benjamin U. Akpoilih, Adetola Jenyo-Oni, and Emmanuel K. Ajani
Elsevier BV
Benjamin U. Akpoilih, Bamidele O. Omitoyin, and Emmanuel K. Ajani
Informa UK Limited
ABSTRACT The effect of microbial phytase on phosphorus utilization in juvenile Clarias gariepinus (initial fish body weight 11.55 ± 0.2 g) was tested on two different diets based on oil-extracted soya bean (Experiment 1) and roasted soya bean meal (Experiment 2) using a 5 × 5 experimental design for 84 days. The basal isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets for oil-extracted and roasted soya bean were formulated to replace fish meal at 25% (S1E), 50% (S2E), 75% (S3E), 100% (S4E); and 25% (S1), 50% (S2), 75% (S3), 100% (S4), respectively. Each treatment was replicated four times. Microbial phytase was supplemented in each replicate at 250 FTU/g (P1), 500 FTU/g (P2), 750 FTU/g (P3), and 1,000 FTU/g (P4). Basal controls, which included a fish meal-based diet (S0), were not supplemented with phytase (P0). The result in Experiment 1 showed that there was a significant increase in whole-body protein and reduction in fat with phytase compared to a diet without phytase (P < 0.05). Serum total protein declined significantly with phytase supplementation (P < 0.05). Serum phosphorus and glucose were higher with phytase supplementation compared to control (P < 0.05). Bone minerals declined significantly with increasing level of soya bean compared to fish meal diet (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, serum phosphorus was improved with phytase compared to control with no phytase (P > 0.05). A significant reduction in whole-body protein and increase in fat was observed for fish fed phytase diets compared to diets with no phytase, regardless of soya bean level (P < 0.05); however, ash content was improved with phytase (250 FTU/g) compared to control (P < 0.05). Phytase supplementation improved bone phosphorus (250 FTU/g), calcium (250 FTU/g), magnesium (250–500 FTU/g), and zinc (250–1,000 FTU/g) compared to control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the research has demonstrated that improved bone phosphorus (P) and growth could be achieved with the supplementation of dietary phytase.
B.U. Akpoilih, B.O. Omitoyin, and E.K. Ajani
Science Alert