What Can Network Analysis Tell Us About the Intolerance of Uncertainty? Marija Volarov, Mina Velimirović, Bojan Janičić, Ljiljana Mihić Primenjena Psihologija, 2024 In this study, we explored the network structure of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) using a community sample. We tested the interplay of emotions, behaviors, and beliefs about uncertainty (as measured by the Serbian Intolerance of Uncertainty-11 Scale) and evaluated whether our results would align with those obtained by the Italian researchers, considering the use of somewhat different versions of the scale in somewhat different cultural settings. The walktrap community detection algorithm yielded two communities referring to 1) Inhibitory anxiety and 2) Prospective anxiety. Thus, our findings suggest that IU can be decomposed into these two aspects regardless of which approach is used – network approach or factor analysis. The three most central nodes referred to perceiving uncertainty as upsetting and intolerable and believing one must avoid all the uncertainty. Two central nodes belonged to the Prospective anxiety community, and the third one belonged to the Inhibitory anxiety community and indicated reduced overall quality of life due to uncertainty. The roles of these three constituents in understanding the nature of IU are discussed further in the paper.
Networks of Depressive Symptoms in Clinical and Student Populations: Similarities and Differences Zdenka Novovic, Bojan Janicic, Ljiljana Mihic, Radomir Belopavlovic Psihologija, 2024 Using network analysis, we compared the BDI-II symptom groupings (i.e., communities), the ability of individual symptoms to associate with the others (i.e., centrality), the global strength of these associations, and the bridge symptoms that connect the communities in a sample of 279 depression patients (Mage = 49.9, SDage = 11.2) and in a non-clinical sample of 327 students (BDI-II score less than 19, Mage = 21.05, SDage = 1.82). The network of patients showed higher density, three communities (i.e., cognitive, affective-vegetative, and anhedonia-low energy), with sadness as the central and the strongest bridge symptom. The network of students was less consolidated, had unstable, and uninterpretable communities, with worthlessness as the central symptom, which was the strongest bridge among the communities. This study suggests some qualitative differences between depression symptoms in clinical and non-clinical populations, which manifest in their different places in networks.
Latent structure and measurement invariance by gender of the Embodied Image Scale Marija Volarov, Bojan Janičić, Stanislava Popov, Vesna Barzut Primenjena Psihologija, 2024 Body image is a multidimensional construct that includes both aesthetic (how our body looks) and functional components (what our body can do physically). Our study aimed to investigate latent structure and measurement invariance (MI) by gender of the Serbian translation of Embodied Image Scale using a large sample of adults from the general population (N = 1035; M = 26.33, SD = 9.94; 66.7% females). The Embodied Image Scale (EIS) incorporates aesthetic and functional body image. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, the following five factors described the latent structure of the EIS the best: functional investment (FI), functional values (FV), functional satisfaction (FS), aesthetic satisfaction (AS), and aesthetic values and investment (AVI). The results of the MI suggested that the EIS achieved the strict (residual) level of invariance. In addition, the convergent validity of the EIS was tested by correlating the EIS scores with positive and negative mental health indicators. The results suggested that FV, FI, FS, and AS had a positive correlation with positive affect and unconditional self-acceptance (USA), FS and AS correlated negatively with negative affect (NA), symptoms of depression (D), and conditional self-acceptance (CSA), while the AVI had a positive correlation with NA, CSA, D, and negative correlation with USA. Finally, we compared physically inactive participants, recreationists, and active athletes on the EIS scores. The results revealed that all groups differed in FV, FS, and AS in a way that scores on these subscales increased with increased physical activity.
Comorbidity among depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in naturalistic clinical samples: A cross-cultural network analysis Ljiljana Mihić, Bojan Janičić, Igor Marchetti, Zdenka Novović, Claudio Sica, et al. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2024 Comorbidity between depression and anxiety is well‐established across various settings and cultures. We approached comorbidity from the network psychopathology perspective and examined the depression, anxiety/autonomic arousal and stress/tension symptoms in naturalistic clinical samples from Serbia, Italy and Croatia. This was a multisite study in which regularized partial correlation networks of the symptoms, obtained via self‐reports on the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales‐21 (DASS‐21) in three cross‐cultural, clinical samples (total N = 874), were compared with respect to centrality, edge weights, community structure and bridge centrality. A moderate degree of similarity in a number of network indices across the three networks was observed. While negative mood emerged to be the most central node, stress/tension nodes were the most likely bridge symptoms between depressive and anxiety/autonomic arousal symptoms. We demonstrated that the network structure and features in mixed clinical samples were similar across three different languages and cultures. The symptoms such as agitation, restlessness and inability to relax functioned as bridges across the three symptom communities explored in this study. Important theoretical and clinical implications were derived.
Dimensionality and Measurement Invariance of the Serbian Version of the BDI-II: An IRT Approach* Bojan Janicic, Ljiljana Mihic, Zdenka Novovic Psihologija, 2021 There have been debates about the dimensionality of the Beck?s Depression Inventory-II, its appropriate scoring, and gender-related measurement invariance. We addressed these questions employing the Item Response Theory approach in a clinical sample of 288 patients, using a Serbian version of the BDI-II. We tested nine structural models using confirmatory Full Information Factor Analysis and IRT Graded Response Model. We concluded that the BDI-II is essentially unidimensional. All items had high discrimination, and the test was most informative in the medium range of depression severity in the clinical sample. Although small to medium gender related differential item functioning existed in several items, it did not affect the total score. Hence, the total score of the Serbian translation of the BDI-II is comparable between genders as a measure of severity of depression.
Evaluation of buss-perry aggression questionnaire with item response theory (IRT) Bojana Dinic, Bojan Janicic Psihologija, 2012 The aim of this research was to examine the psychometric properties of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire on Serbian sample, using the IRT model for graded responses. AQ contains four subscales: Physical aggression, Verbal aggression, Hostility and Anger. The sample included 1272 participants, both gender and age ranged from 18 to 68 years, with average age of 31.39 (SD = 12.63) years. Results of IRT analysis suggested that the subscales had greater information in the range of above-average scores, namely in participants with higher level of aggressiveness. The exception was Hostilisty subscale, because it was informative in the wider range of trait. On the other hand, this subscale contains two items which violate assumption of homogenity. Implications for measurement of aggressiveness are discussed.