Hybrid organic-inorganic electrolytes via SiO2 -doping: enhanced stability and ionic conductivity for neuromorphic EGTs Bo Sun, Yifu Fu, Mohd Fakhrul Zamani Bin Abdul Kadir, Siti Nabila Aidit, Shixun Zheng, et al. Engineering Research Express, 2026 Hybrid organic–inorganic electrolytes represent a promising class of materials for sustainable and energy-efficient electronics, yet strategies to simultaneously improve their electrochemical robustness and functional device performance remain limited. Here, a chitosan-silica hybrid electrolyte was developed by incorporating silica nanoparticles (SiO 2 NPs, 0–2 wt%) into a chitosan matrix, and its structural, electrochemical, and dielectric properties were systematically investigated. At an optimized SiO 2 NPs content of 1.5 wt%, the hybrid electrolyte achieved an ionic conductivity of 1.83 × 10 −5 S cm −1 and a high ion transference number ( t ion = 0.909), while the swelling rate was suppressed by 160% and the breakdown voltage was enhanced to 2.76 ± 0.013 V. These improvements were attributed to increased segmental mobility and Lewis acid–base interactions that promoted ion dissociation and stabilized electric double-layer formation. To demonstrate functional relevance, the chitosan-silica hybrid electrolyte was integrated into an electrolyte-gated transistor (EGT) with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) channel, yielding reproducible synaptic neuromorphic characteristics, including excitatory post-synaptic current (EPSC) of 399.32 ± 42.36 nA and a paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) index of 90.4%. Importantly, this work establishes a direct correlation between nanoscale electrolyte engineering and neuromorphic device responses, using synaptic behaviors as functional validation of electrolyte stability and ionic transport. The findings establish chitosan-silica hybrids as promising materials for next-generation neuromorphic and biocompatible electronics.
Direct functionalization of Mo2CTx MXene via single-step synthesis for printable, flexible, non-invasive moisture detection systems Syahirah Umairah Mahadi, Siti Nabila Aidit, Norazriena Yusoff, Sharifah Fatmadiana Wan Muhammad Hatta, Siti Fairus Abdul Sani Flexible and Printed Electronics, 2025 A printable moisture sensor is an advanced device designed to measure water content in various materials, including soil, air, and other substances. The incorporation of K+ functionalization significantly increases the material’s hydrophilicity, promoting more effective adsorption and desorption of water molecules. This study explores the impact of MXene functionalization on moisture sensing performance by examining the water adsorption behavior of both pure and K+-functionalized MXene-based sensors. Two different concentrations of K+-functionalized MXene, 1M and 3M, were investigated. The results demonstrated that the 3M K+-functionalized MXene exhibited better performance. These sensors demonstrated high sensitivity of 1.580 ΔR/%Δ relative humidity (RH) across a wide humidity range (20%–80% RH) and featured ultrafast response and recovery times of 2.5 s and 12.5 s, respectively. Furthermore, the Mo2CT x -based sensors not only achieve the broadest operational range but also set a new benchmark for MXene-based moisture sensor sensitivity, outperforming the current state-of-the-art. These remarkable properties establish Mo2CT x -based sensors as highly promising candidates for printable, flexible, and non-invasive moisture detection systems, enabling real-time environmental and industrial monitoring.
Hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide/PEDOT:PSS composite for flexible temperature sensor application S N Aidit, F A M Rezali, N H M Nor, N Yusoff, Li-Ya Ma, et al. Flexible and Printed Electronics, 2023 A flexible and printable temperature sensor was proposed for a fast detection of temperature measurements. A hybrid composite of zinc oxide (ZnO) and a conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonicacid) (PEDOT:PSS) was utilized as the temperature-sensing layer. An interdigitated electrodes structure based on silver (Ag) ink was used to electrically connect the composite through a facile drop-casting technique. A standout aspect of this work is the presentation of ZnO/PEDOT:PSS as a temperature-sensing layer. The PEDOT:PSS flakes were connected by hydrothermally prepared ZnO nanorods, which increased the composite sheets’ electrical conductivity. The linearity, sensitivity, stability and dynamic response of the flexible sensor were examined from a temperature of 29 °C–60 °C. The sensor has high sensitivity of 1.06% °C−1 with response and recovery times of 5 s and 12.7 s, respectively. This work clearly demonstrates the potential of ZnO/PEDOT:PSS composite for flexible temperature sensor and adds to the rapidly expanding field of personalized mobile healthcare.
Fabrication of Flexible and Printable Organic Thin-Film Transistor-based Sensor Fazliyatul Azwa Md Rezali, Norhayati Soin, Sharifah Fatmadiana Wan Muhamad Hatta, Siti Nabila Aidit Proceedings 2023 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics Rsm 2023, 2023 As the next generation technology, organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) is fully desired in manufacturing flexible electronics due to its’ mechanically strong property and low-temperature processing at large-scale production. In this work, OTFT device using poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is successfully fabricated on a flexible film by screen printing and drop casting technique at maximum process temperature of 80 °C. A For such straightforward deposition techniques, the device demonstrated a potentially good reproducibility and repeatability. Moreover, a significant property is observed on the device’s current-voltage (I-V) performance that shows the average output source current is larger by ~4.4 times at maximum when dielectric reduce from ~24.04 µm to ~13.87 µm. The implementation of extended gate and reference electrode further enable detection in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with small hysteresis. Eventually, the flexibility and printability of the fabricated OTFT raised the opportunity of low-cost application such as disposable biosensor to detect specific analyte at a small volume of solution.
