ELAYARAJA M

Scopus Publications

Effects of the FIFA 11 + Program on Physical Fitness in Youth and Adult Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Ibnu Noufal Kambitta Valappil, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Gavoutamane Vasanthi, Masilamani Elayaraja, Cain C. T. Clark, Koulla Parpa, Borko Katanic, Hüseyin Şahin Uysal, Hassane Zouhal, Urs Granacher
Sports Medicine, 2026
Background Soccer is a high-intensity sport that requires high levels of physical fitness, including balance, change of direction (CoD), speed and power. The FIFA 11 + program has been widely promoted to enhance physical fitness and reduce injury occurrence. Objective This meta-analysis set out to examine how the FIFA 11 + program, implemented as a warm-up versus conventional warm-up (soccer-specific and alternative warm-ups), impacts physical fitness attributes in youth and adult soccer players. Methods After a priori defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 intervention studies with 611 male and female soccer players (Tier 2–4) aged 9–29 years were eligible to be included. The FIFA 11 + program implemented in the warm-up was contrasted with conventional warm-up programs (control) on outcome measures such as dynamic balance, CoD speed, linear sprint and proxies of muscle power (vertical jump height). The influence of potential moderators (e.g., training duration, frequency, session duration, age, sex, training and performance calibre) on study outcome measures was examined using subgroup analyses with the median split method. Results Findings demonstrated small-to-moderate improvements in favour of FIFA 11 + compared with conventional warm-ups on dynamic balance (small standardized mean differences [SMDs] = 0.37, p < 0.001, heterogeneity [ I 2 ] = 7), CoD speed (moderate SMDs = − 0.65, p = 0.005, I 2 = 84), and vertical jump height (small SMDs = 0.56, p < 0.001, I 2 = 71). Results from the sub-analyses showed that, for dynamic balance, shorter training durations (< 9 weeks) produced larger effects than longer durations (≥ 9 weeks) (SMDs = 0.62 versus SMDs = 0.17). For vertical jump height, < 9 weeks also yielded greater improvements (SMDs = 0.79 versus SMDs = 0.26). In terms of weekly training frequency, ≥ 3 sessions/week elicited larger gains in change-of-direction speed (SMDs = − 1.05 versus SMDs = − 0.12) and vertical jump height (SMDs = 0.73 versus SMDs = 0.01) compared with < 3 sessions/week. Regarding participant characteristics, players aged ≥ 18 years showed greater improvements than those < 18 years in change-of-direction speed (SMDs = − 1.45 versus SMDs = − 0.06) and vertical jump height (SMDs = 0.64 versus SMDs = 0.22). For sex differences, males experienced greater benefits than females in change-of-direction speed (SMDs = − 0.79 versus SMDs = − 0.04) and vertical jump height (SMDs = 0.54 versus SMDs = 0.09). Finally, higher-level players (≥ tier 3) demonstrated greater improvements in vertical jump height than lower-tier players (< Tier 3) (SMDs = 0.75 versus SMDs = 0.01). The observed benefits were statistically significant but generally of small-to-moderate magnitude and affected by study heterogeneity and program implementation differences. Most studies included male participants, limiting generalizability to female and underrepresented populations. Several studies also lacked rigorous methodological design, particularly in allocation, concealment and blinding. Reporting of training and demographic variables was often incomplete. These limitations highlight the necessity for rigorously designed, low-bias randomized controlled trials with standardized implementation of the FIFA 11 + program and thorough reporting to enhance the reliability of causal conclusions and improve clinical interpretation. Conclusion The FIFA 11 + program was more effective than conventional soccer warm-up programs to enhance soccer players’ physical fitness (i.e., dynamic balance, CoD speed, vertical jump height). A shorter training duration (< 9 weeks) and more weekly training sessions (≥ 3 sessions/week) induced larger performance effects. FIFA 11 + was more effective in older (≥ 18 years) and male players and in players of higher performance calibre (≥ Tier 3). These findings underscore the versatility of the FIFA 11 + program to improve soccer players’ physical fitness, supporting its integration into the warm-up of regular soccer training sessions. Protocol Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42025633810 , PROSPERO: CRD42025633810. Graphical Abstract
Neuroplasticity and the Breath: Unpacking the Brain Mechanisms Behind Yogic Pranayama
Ibnu noufal Kambitta Valappil, Akshay Korol, Gavoutamane Vasanthi, Masilamani Elayaraja, Karuppasamy Govindasamy
Improving Mental Well Being at the Intersection of Mindfulness Meditation and Yoga, 2026
Pranayama, the Yogic discipline of regulated breathing, has evolved from a spiritual practice into a scientifically recognized method for supporting mental and neurological health. This chapter examines its neuroplastic potential by outlining effects on major brain regions and networks, while summarizing key Pranayama techniques and their physiological signatures. Evidence indicates improvements in parasympathetic activation, heart rate variability, cortisol modulation, and emotional–cognitive regulation. Integrating recent advances in contemplative and clinical neuroscience, the chapter highlights technology-supported breathwork, trauma-responsive approaches informed by polyvagal theory, and individualized applications based on autonomic profiling. It also clarifies distinctions between established neural biomarkers and emerging theoretical claims of structural change. Overall, the chapter positions Pranayama as an accessible, non-invasive, and increasingly personalized neuromodulatory tool within the broader “Neuro-Yogic Paradigm.”
Synergistic Effects of Exercise and Nano-Curcumin Supplementation in Women with Lifestyle-Related Diseases: A Scoping Review
Nafih Cherappurath, Muhammed Navaf, Halil İbrahim Ceylan, Masilamani Elayaraja, Kappat Valiyapeediyekkal Sunooj, Saranya T. Satheesan, Muhammed Ali Thoompenthodi, Shamshadali Perumbalath, Serdar Bayrakdaroğlu, Raul Ioan Muntean, Nikolaos Mavritsakis, Dilshith A. Kabeer
Nutrients, 2025
Background/Objectives: Lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and osteoarthritis disproportionately affect women due to hormonal, metabolic, and socio-cultural factors. Emerging evidence suggests that combining structured exercise with nano-curcumin, a bioavailable phytochemical formulation with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may provide synergistic benefits. This scoping review systematically synthesizes available evidence on the combined effects of nano-curcumin supplementation and exercise interventions on health outcomes in women with lifestyle-related diseases. Methods: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the PRISMA-ScR framework, a comprehensive database search was conducted in March 2025 and updated in June 2025. Records were retrieved from Scopus (n = 30), Web of Science (n = 22), PubMed (n = 18), and other sources (n = 71), yielding a total of 141 studies. After screening and deduplication, eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. All the studies were conducted in Iran with small sample sizes (12–53 participants) and short intervention durations (6–16 weeks). Therefore, the current evidence is geographically and demographically limited. Results: Across the included trials, the combined interventions produced additive or synergistic improvements in oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, lipid and glucose metabolism, cardiovascular function, pulmonary capacity, muscle fitness, and psychological outcomes (e.g., depression). When paired with nano-curcumin supplementation at different concentrations, high-intensity interval training, aerobic exercise, Pilates, and resistance training consistently outperformed exercise or supplementation alone in modulating antioxidant defenses, reducing systemic inflammation, and improving metabolic risk factors. Conclusions: The integration of exercise and nano-curcumin supplementation appears to confer superior benefits for women with lifestyle-related diseases compared with either approach alone. These findings highlight the potential of combining phytochemicals with lifestyle interventions to optimize women’s health outcomes. However, most available evidence originates from small, short-term studies in single geographic regions. Large-scale, multicenter, randomized controlled trials with diverse populations are warranted to establish standardized protocols and optimal dosing strategies, and to assess long-term safety and efficacy.
Unravelling the association between stress management and emotional maturity: A holistic exploration among employed and unemployed sportswomen
Ibnu Noufal Kambitta Valappil, Sajin N. Nuppatta, Anson C. Anto, Anoop Kumar M. S., Arun Nambron, Gavoutamane Vasanthi, Masilamani Elayaraja
Cuadernos De Psicologia Del Deporte, 2025
Professional sports are highly competitive, which often draws attention to the physical prowess of the athletes. The success and well-being of the athletes are determined by an intricate web of mental and emotional challenges, especially stress management and emotional maturity. Sportswomen are facing a variety of demands beyond the court, including rigorous training, intense competition, and the highs and lows of their careers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between stress management and emotional maturity among employed and unemployed sportswomen. To determine the influence of emotional maturity and stress management. Participants included 146 sportswomen (70 unemployed and 76 employed sportswomen) from all over Kerala. Stress management and emotional maturity were assessed using standard questionnaires. The results showed that emotional maturity was significantly deference in employed and unemployed sportswomen (p = .003, d = 0.50). However, there was no difference in stress management between employed and unemployed sportswomen (p = .283, d = 0.18). From the correlation analysis, emotional maturity showed a significant negative association with stress management in total sportswomen (r = -.374, p < .01), unemployed sportswomen (r = -.241, p < .05), and employed sportswomen (r = -.450, p < .01). The regression, emotional maturity had a minimal negative effect on stress management (β = -.374) with a 13.4 percent prediction in total sportswomen. And emotional maturity had a minimal negative effect on stress management (β = -.241) with a 4.5 percentage of prediction in unemployed sportswomen. Finally, emotional maturity had a minimal negative effect on stress management (β = -.450) with a 19 percentage of prediction in employed sportswomen. It is concluded that, while emotional maturity helps employed sportswomen manage stress, it has a limited influence on unemployed sportswomen. The connection shows a strong negative relationship between emotional maturity and stress management of overall sportswomen and also employed sportswomen. However, this association is seen among unemployed sportswomen with a weak negative effect. Los deportes profesionales son altamente competitivos, lo que a menudo llama la atención sobre la destreza física de los atletas. El éxito y el bienestar de los atletas están determinados por una intrincada red de desafíos mentales y emocionales, especialmente el manejo del estrés y la madurez emocional. Las deportistas se enfrentan a una variedad de demandas más allá de la cancha, incluido el entrenamiento riguroso, la competencia intensa y los altibajos de sus carreras. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar la asociación entre el manejo del estrés y la madurez emocional entre deportistas empleadas y desempleadas. Para determinar la influencia de la madurez emocional y el manejo del estrés. Los participantes incluyeron 146 deportistas (70 desempleadas y 76 deportistas empleadas) de todo Kerala. El manejo del estrés y la madurez emocional se evaluaron utilizando cuestionarios estándar. Los resultados mostraron que la madurez emocional fue significativamente diferente en deportistas empleadas y desempleadas (p = 0,003, d = 0,50). Sin embargo, no hubo diferencia en el manejo del estrés entre deportistas empleadas y desempleadas (p = 0,283, d = 0,18). Del análisis de correlación, la madurez emocional mostró una asociación negativa significativa con el manejo del estrés en deportistas totales (r=-.374, p<0.01), deportistas desempleadas (r=-.241, p<0.05) y deportistas empleadas (r=-.450, p<0.01). La regresión, la madurez emocional tuvo un efecto negativo mínimo en el manejo del estrés (β=-.374) con un 13.4 por ciento de predicción en deportistas totales. Y la madurez emocional tuvo un efecto negativo mínimo en el manejo del estrés (β=-.241) con un 4.5 por ciento de predicción en deportistas desempleadas. Finalmente, la madurez emocional tuvo un efecto negativo mínimo en el manejo del estrés (β=-.450) con un 19 por ciento de predicción en deportistas empleadas. Se concluye que, si bien la madurez emocional ayuda a las deportistas empleadas a manejar el estrés, tiene una influencia limitada en las deportistas desempleadas. La conexión muestra una fuerte relación negativa entre la madurez emocional y el manejo del estrés de las deportistas en general y también de las deportistas empleadas. Sin embargo, esta asociación se observa entre las deportistas desempleadas con un efecto negativo débil. Os desportos profissionais são altamente competitivos, o que muitas vezes chama a atenção para a destreza física dos atletas. O sucesso e o bem-estar dos atletas são determinados por uma intrincada rede de desafios mentais e emocionais, especialmente a gestão do stress e a maturidade emocional. As atletas enfrentam uma variedade de exigências para além dos campos, incluindo treinos rigorosos, competição intensa e os altos e baixos das suas carreiras. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre a gestão do stress e a maturidade emocional entre atletas empregadas e desempregadas. Determinar a influência da maturidade emocional e da gestão do stress. Os participantes incluíram 146 desportistas (70 desempregadas e 76 empregadas) de todo o estado de Kerala. A gestão do stress e a maturidade emocional foram avaliadas através de questionários padrão. Os resultados mostraram que a maturidade emocional foi significativamente deferida nas atletas empregadas e desempregadas (p = .003, d = 0.50). No entanto, não houve diferença na gestão do stress entre as atletas empregadas e desempregadas (p = .283, d = 0.18). Da análise de correlação, a maturidade emocional mostrou uma associação negativa significativa com a gestão do stress em atletas femininas totais (r = -. 374, p < .01), atletas femininas desempregadas (r = -. 241, p < .05) e atletas femininas empregadas (r = -. 450, p < .01). A regressão e a maturidade emocional tiveram um efeito negativo mínimo na gestão do stress (β = -. 374) com uma previsão de 13,4% no total de atletas femininas. E a maturidade emocional teve um efeito negativo mínimo na gestão do stress (β = -. 241) com uma percentagem de previsão de 4,5 em atletas desempregadas. Por fim, a maturidade emocional teve um efeito negativo mínimo na gestão do stress (β = -. 450), com uma previsão de 19% nas atletas empregadas. Conclui-se que, embora a maturidade emocional ajude as desportistas empregadas a controlar o stress, tem uma influência limitada nas desportistas desempregadas. A ligação mostra uma forte relação negativa entre a maturidade emocional e a gestão do stress dos desportistas em geral e também das desportistas empregadas. No entanto, esta associação é observada entre atletas desempregadas com um efeito negativo fraco.
Sports for persons with disabilities: A bibliometric analysis of research landscape and future directions
N. Cherappurath, S. Perumbalath, M. Elayaraja, M.R. Dhinu, M.A. Thoompenthodi
Rehabilitacion, 2025
Research on sports for persons with disabilities (PWDs) has grown significantly in recent years, particularly in parasports, disability sports, and adapted sports. Numerous studies have consistently highlighted the role of sports as a powerful tool for promoting social integration, enhancing psychological well-being, and improving the physical health of PWDs. However, comprehensive reviews on the development and progression of this field remain limited. Analysing relevant papers in the past and outlining the research's depth, hotspots, and future directions are essential. This study aims to use bibliometric techniques to quantitatively evaluate the publications published in sports for PWDs to provide new perspectives for further research. A total of 1979 publications indexed in the Scopus database, covering the period from 1971 to January 2025, were analyzed in this study. The study reveals key research areas in sports for PWDs and recommends that future studies focus on these areas. The findings of the study provide valuable insights for academic institutions, governmental bodies, and funding organizations, fostering collaboration and aiding in the formulation of policies for PWDs. Future studies could benefit from applying sophisticated methodologies, comprehensive datasets, and an expanded array of keywords.
Effect of Plant-Based Proteins on Recovery from Resistance Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Healthy Young Adults—A Systematic Review
Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Koulla Parpa, Borko Katanic, Cain C. T. Clark, Masilamani Elayaraja, Ibnu Noufal Kambitta Valappil, Corina Dulceanu, Vlad Adrian Geantă, Gloria Alexandra Tolan, Hassane Zouhal
Nutrients, 2025
Background: Plant-based protein supplementation in supporting muscle recovery following resistance exercise remains an area of growing interest, particularly among vegan athletes, as a potential alternative to animal-based proteins. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of plant-based proteins on recovery from resistance exercise-induced muscle damage in healthy young adults. Methods: A systematic and comprehensive search was administered in eight databases up to 1 May 2025, identifying 1407 articles. Following deduplication and screening, 24 studies met the eligibility criteria, including 22 randomized controlled trials and 2 non-randomized studies, with the majority from high income western countries. Results: Interventions primarily involved soy, pea, rice, hemp, potato, and blended plant protein sources, with doses ranging from 15 to 50 g, typically administered post resistance exercise. Outcomes assessed included muscle protein synthesis (MPS), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), inflammatory biomarkers, muscle function, and fatigue. The review findings reaffirm that single-source plant proteins generally offer limited benefits compared to animal proteins such as whey, particularly in acute recovery settings, a limitation well-documented consistently in the literature. However, our synthesis highlights that well-formulated plant protein blends (e.g., combinations of pea, rice, and canola) can stimulate MPS at levels comparable to whey when consumed at adequate doses (≥30 g with ~2.5 g leucine). Some studies also reported improvements in subjective recovery outcomes and reductions in muscle damage biomarkers with soy or pea protein. However, overall evidence remains limited by small sample sizes, moderate to high risk of bias, and heterogeneity in intervention protocols, protein formulations, and outcome measures. Risk of bias assessments revealed concerns related to detection and reporting bias in nearly half the studies. Due to clinical and methodological variability, a meta-analysis was not conducted. Conclusion: plant-based proteins particularly in the form of protein blends and when dosed appropriately, may support muscle recovery in resistance-trained individuals and offer a viable alternative to animal-based proteins. However, further high-quality, long-term trials in vegan populations are needed to establish definitive recommendations for plant protein use in sports nutrition.
Analyzing the Impact of Integrated Yoga and Neuro-Linguistic Programming on Blood Pressure, Stress, Anxiety, and Parenting Sense of Competence in Mothers of Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Trisha Ghosh, Chamundeeswari Duraipandian, Govindasamy Karuppasamy, Elayaraja Masilamani, Yuni Astuti, Bekir Erhan Orhan, Farjana Akter Boby, Kambitta Valappil Ibnu Noufal, Robert Çitozi, Vlad Adrian Geantă
Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 2025
Background. Mothers of adolescents face unique stressors that can adversely affect their mental health and family dynamics. Implementing effective interventions is essential to address maternal stress and anxiety in this population. Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of yoga alone and yoga combined with Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) on physiological state, stress and anxiety management in mothers of adolescent children. Materials and methods. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Chennai Metropolitan Area, involving 90 mothers (aged 35–55 years) of adolescents (aged 13–19 years). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (n=30), yoga (n=30), or yoga with NLP (n=30). The yoga group engaged in 60-minute yoga sessions thrice weekly for 12 weeks, while the yoga with NLP group participated in the same yoga regimen plus weekly 90-minute NLP sessions. The control group received no intervention. Primary outcomes included blood pressure, heart rate, salivary cortisol, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale, measured at baseline and post-intervention. Results. In the post-intervention period, significant between-group differences were observed across all outcomes (P<0.001). The yoga with NLP group demonstrated the greatest improvements, with reductions in systolic (119.93 ± 3.87 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (82.93 ± 3.37 mmHg), heart rate (74.90 ± 8.86 bpm), cortisol (14.17 ± 1.91 mg/dL), PSS (13.80 ± 2.73), and HAM-A (16.67 ± 2.55) scores, alongside increased PSOC scores (79.33 ± 6.35). The yoga-only group exhibited moderate enhancements, while the control group showed no changes. Conclusions. The findings suggest that combined yoga and NLP significantly reduced stress and anxiety, as well as improved physiological outcomes in mothers of adolescents, highlighting its potential as an effective intervention.
The Effect of Leisure-Time Exercise on Mental Health Among Adults: A Bibliometric Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Masilamani Elayaraja, Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman, Koulla Parpa, Borko Katanic, Urs Granacher
Healthcare Switzerland, 2025
Background: Adequate levels of leisure-time exercise (LTE) are associated with mental health benefits. Despite increased research in recent years through randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a systematic literature review summarizing these findings is lacking. Here, we examined publication trends, impact, and research gaps regarding LTE’s effects on mental health in the form of a bibliometric analysis. Methods: Five electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, and the Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were searched from their inception until 20 November 2024. Citations were independently screened by two authors and included based on pre-determined eligibility criteria. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using SciVal and VOSviewer under five themes: (1) descriptive analysis, (2) network analysis, (3) thematic mapping, (4) co-citation and co-occurrence analysis, and (5) bibliometric coupling. Results: The systematic search identified 5792 citations, of which 78 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Only one study was conducted in a low- or middle-income country. Sixty-four percent of studies were published in quartile-one journals. Most studies were conducted in the United States, followed by Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. National collaborations yielded the highest citation rates, reflecting the influence of cultural and social norms on exercise and mental health. Research gaps were identified with regards to the validity of mental health measures, the paucity of data from low- and middle-income countries, and emerging research sources. Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis highlights the existing evidence on LTE’s impact on mental health and identifies areas for future research and policy. Trials exploring valid mental health outcomes, biomarkers such as mood and oxidative stress, and collaborative research are needed, particularly in underrepresented regions of the world.
Applying a 12-Week TRX Suspension and Plyometric Training Program: Effects on Biomotor Abilities and Physiological Adaptations in Volleyball Players
Abhijith Muriyedath, Masilamani Elayaraja, Nirmal Michael Salvi, Farjana Akter Boby, Bekir Erhan Orhan, Yuni Astuti, Karuppasamy Govindasamy
Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 2025
Background. Volleyball players require a combination of physical and physiological abilities to enhance performance, and TRX suspension and plyometric training are known to improve these abilities. However, evidence comparing their effectiveness in volleyball players is limited. Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week TRX suspension and plyometric training program on biomotor abilities and physiological adaptations in male volleyball players. Materials and methods. Forty-five male athletes (age: 21.91 ± 1.10) from Calicut University, Kerala, India, were involved in the study. The participants were divided into three groups: TRX suspension training, plyometric training, and a control group. Speed, agility, explosive power, vital capacity, and resting heart rate were measured before and after the intervention. The data were then subjected to statistical analyses, including linear mixed-effects models and repeated measures ANOVA, in order to assess group-by-time interactions. Results. The findings indicate significant improvements in speed (p < 0.001), agility (p = 0.003), and explosive power (p < 0.001) in both training groups, with notable group-by-time interactions. Vital capacity also showed substantial enhancements (p < 0.001), while resting heart rate remained unchanged. Conclusions. In conclusion, both TRX suspension and plyometric training have been revealed to be effective in enhancing biomotor abilities and vital capacity in volleyball players, making them viable options for improving performance, without affecting resting heart rate.
Comparison of complex-contrast versus French contrast training on steroid hormones and physical performance of tier 3 male field hockey players: A randomized controlled trial
Ibnu Noufal Kambitta Valappil, Masilamani Elayaraja, Gavoutamane Vasanthi
Apunts Sports Medicine, 2025
As a high-intensity, intermittent sport, field hockey demands optimal muscular power, speed, agility, and hormonal readiness to sustain competitive performance. This randomized controlled trial compared the effects of Complex-Contrast Training (CCT) and French Contrast Training (FCT) on steroid hormone responses and selected physical performance parameters in tier 3 male field hockey players. Forty-five players (age: 19.56 ± 1.34 years) were randomly assigned to either a CCT group ( n = 15), an FCT group ( n = 15), or a regular training group (RTG) ( n = 15). Training interventions were conducted thrice weekly for 12 weeks (36 sessions total), each lasting 60 min, following a 2-week familiarization period. Baseline assessment (A1) and 12-week assessment (A2) included serum testosterone (TST) and cortisol (CRSL) concentrations, 50 m sprint time, change of direction speed (CoDs), and countermovement jump (CMJ). Both CCT and FCT groups demonstrated significant improvements in sprint performance ( p < 0.001, ⴄ 2 =0.066), and CoDs ( p < 0.001, ⴄ 2 =0.117), and CMJ ( p < 0.001, ⴄ 2 =0.133), compared to the RTG. TST levels increased significantly in both CCT and FCT ( p < 0.001, ⴄ 2 =0.094), with a greater effect observed in the FCT group. CRSL responses indicated a favorable anabolic-catabolic balance post-training ( p < 0.001, ⴄ 2 =0.056), particularly in the FCT group. Between-group comparisons revealed that FCT produced superior gains in explosive power and hormonal adaptation, while CCT yielded slightly better improvements in sprint performance. These findings suggest that both training methods are effective for enhancing steroid hormone profiles and performance variables in competitive field hockey players, with FCT offering a marginal advantage for power-oriented adaptations. Coaches and practitioners may consider incorporating either approach during pre-competition phases to optimize physiological and performance outcomes.
Ethical and practical implications of robotic exoskeletons in sports medicine
Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Masilamani Elayaraja, Debajit Karmakar, Anindita Das
Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Sports Medicine and Sports Services, 2025
Anterior cruciate ligament injury in football (soccer) players: A bibliometric review of global sports orthopaedic literature
Nafih Cherappurath, Muhammed Ali Thoompenthodi, Masilamani Elayaraja, Muneer Pelasseri, Shamshadali Perumbalath, Abhijith Muriyedath, Sanil Puthiya Parambath
Journal of Orthopaedic Reports, 2025
Impact of Three Weekly Sessions of Complex versus French Contrast Training on Physical and Physiological Responses in Field Hockey Players: A Randomized Control Trial
, Ibnu Noufal Kambitta Valappil, Gavoutamane Gavoutamane, , Masilamani Elayaraja, , Bekir Erhan Orhan, , Yuni Astuti, , Borko Katanic, , Debajit Karmakar, , Kumarasami Tiroumourougane, , Ramanujam Murugesan, , Karuppasamy Govindasamy, and
Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2025
The effects of complex training on performance variables in basketball players: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ibnu Noufal Kambitta Valappil, Koulla Parpa, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Borko Katanic, Cain C. T. Clark, Masilamani Elayaraja, Debajit Karmakar, Alexandru Ioan Băltean, Patricia Roxana Forț, Vlad Adrian Geantă
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2025
Associations of biomotor and physiological measures with anthropometric characteristics in field hockey players: a survey on pre-competitive period
Ibnu noufal Kambitta Valappil, Gavoutamane Vasanthi, Masilamani Elayaraja, Kumarasami Tiroumourougane, Binoy Kannadathil
Slobozhanskyi Herald of Science and Sport, 2024
Effects of Bulgarian bag training on bio-motor fitness, physiological, haematological, and performance in young adult male Kabaddi players
Yuni Astuti, Nithin B S, Ram Mohan Singh, Dilpreet Kaur, Ahmad Chaeroni, Masilamani Elayaraja, Bekir Erhan Orhan, Yashwant Singh, Yogender Bhoria, Halil Ibrahim Ceylan, Edi Setiawan, Hemantajit Gogoi, Karuppasamy Govindasamy
Retos, 2024
Effects of 12 Weeks Core Strength Training on Bio-motor Fitness Abilities among College Level Soccer Players
Deepak Siby, Navaraj Chelliah Jesus Rajkumar, Yuni Astuti, Nirmal Michael Salvi, Debajit Karmakar, Masilamani Elayaraja, Soumya Joseph, Ethiraj Balaji, Bekir Erhan Orhan
International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 2024
Impact of french contrast training on field hockey player’s biomotor and physiological parameters: a pretest-posttest study
Ibnu Noufal K V, G Vasanthi, Masilamani Elayaraja, R Murugesan, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Hemantajit Gogoi
Retos, 2024
Effect of yoga as a complementary therapy in prostate cancer survivors: a systematic review
Deenadayalan Boopalan, Venugopal Vijayakumar, Poornima Ravi, Poonguzhali Shanmugam, Maheshkumar Kuppusamy, Elayaraja Masilamani, Govindasamy Karuppasamy
Supportive Care in Cancer, 2024
Comparative Analysis of Ground-Based and Elevated Pushup Exercises for Pectoralis Major Muscle Activation
Ardo Okilanda, Mikkey Anggara Suganda, Ahmad Chaeroni, Muhammad Fakhrur Rozi, Mardepi Saputra, Susilo Nugroho, Jatin Bhosle, Radhika Mishra, Joseph Singh, Yajuvendra Singh Rajpoot, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Masilamani Elayaraja, Hemantajit Gogoi
Retos, 2024
Effect of Selected Yoga Interventions on Psycho-Physiological Function in IT Professionals with Chronic Back Pain-A Randomized Controlled Trial
Chinnasamy Vignesh, Navaraj Chelliah Jesus Rajkumar, Masilamani Elayaraja, Hemantajit Gogoi, Karuppasamy Govindasamy
Fizicna Reabilitacia Ta Rekreacijno Ozdorovci Tehnologii, 2024
Impact of Yoga Therapy on D-dimer Level in Asymptomatic Varicose Vein Disease – a Randomized Controlled Trial
Kumaran Badri, Velusamy Subbulakshmi, Masilamani Elayaraja, Hemantajit Gogoi, Karuppasamy Govindasamy
Fizicna Reabilitacia Ta Rekreacijno Ozdorovci Tehnologii, 2024
Mapping the field: A bibliometric analysis of women's football research trends and future directions
Nafih Cherappurath, Perumbalath Shamshadali, Masilamani Elayaraja, Dilshith Azeezul Kabeer KI
Apunts Sports Medicine, 2024
Effect of mat pilates training program on functional fitness in older adults
Poli Borah, Ikram Hussain, Lakshyajit Gogoi, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Surojit Sarkar, Masilamani Elayaraja, Ethiraj Balaji, Hemantajit Gogoi
Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 2024
Effect of Yoga Practice on Pulmonary Function in Healthy Young Adults with Intellectual Disability
Sangeeta Karlekar, , Sigamani Jayasingh Albert Chandrasekar, Masilamani Elayaraja, Hemantajit Gogoi, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, , , , and
Fizicna Reabilitacia Ta Rekreacijno Ozdorovci Tehnologii, 2024
Uncovering Determinants of Victory and Defeat in Men’s UEFA Champions League: An Analytical Exploration Using Logistic Regression
Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Debajit Karmakar, Sohom Saha, Masilamani Elayaraja, Anindita Das, Arnav Sharma, Poli Borah, Lakshyajit Gogoi, Hemantajit Gogoi
Studia Sportiva, 2024
Immediate Effect of Uddiyana Bandha on Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomised Controlled Study
Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Dilpreet Kaur, Masilamani Elayaraja, Deepika Sethi, Shantichitra Kalidas, Debajit Karmakar, Bekir Erhan Orhan, Yuni Astuti, Koulla Parpa
Annals of Neurosciences, 2024
Investigating the Effectiveness of 12 Weeks of Kettlebell Training Compared to Bodyweight Resistance Training on Body Composition in Young Adult Males
Parveen Kumar, Nitin Sehgal, Dilbag Singh, Dilpreet Kaur, Masilamani Elayaraja, et al.
Sport Mont, 2024
Effects of Yoga and Combined Yoga with Neuro-Linguistic Programming on Psychological Management in Mothers of Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Trisha Ghosh, Chamundeeswari Duraipandian, Soumya Joseph, Basavaraj Kumasi, Nirmal Michael Salvi, et al.
Sport Mont, 2024
Comparative analysis of selected variables in the haematological profiling of elite medalists, nonmedalists, and nonsports individuals
Dilpreet Kaur, Gurcharan Singh Gill, Jyoti Singh, Debajit Karmakar, Masilamani Elayaraja, Yashpal, Sambhu Prasad, Edi Setiawan, Hemantajit Gogoi, Karuppasamy Govindasamy
Fizjoterapia Polska, 2024
Effect of yoga practice on heart rate variability in healthy young adults with intellectual disability
Sangeeta Karlekar, Sigamani Jayasingh Albert Chandrasekar, Mou Pramanik, Masilamani Elayaraja, Sambhu Prasad, Tarak Nath Pramanik, Kavita Marwah, Vikas Mehta, Hemantajit Gogoi, Karuppasamy Govindasamy
Fizjoterapia Polska, 2024
Effectiveness of HighIntensity Circuit Training on Physical Fitness Among Athletes: A Systematic Review of Randomized controlled and Noncontrolled Trials
Mariappan Mahalingam, Samit Saibya, Gayatri Pandey, Debajit Karmakar, Yajuvendra Singh Rajpoot, Masilamani Elayaraja, Sambhu Prasad, Pema Khandu Lachungpa, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Hemantajit Gogoi
Fizjoterapia Polska, 2024
Effects of yoga therapy on the 6minute walk test in middleaged men with varicose veins: A randomized controlled trial
Kumaran Badri, Velusamy Subbulakshmi, Deepak Bangari, Bindiya Rawat, Basavaraj Kumasi, Masilamani Elayaraja, Rakesh Bharti, Hemantajit Gogoi, Sambhu Prasad, Yashpal, Edi Setiawan, Karuppasamy Govindasamy
Fizjoterapia Polska, 2024
Life style changes during lock down period of COVID19 outbreaks in Tamil Nadu, India: A web based survey
Jagadeesan Thanalakshmi, Masilamani Elayaraja, Kaviya Lakshmi, Kuppusamy Maheshkumar, Naima Umar, Mou Pramanik, Rajesh Kumar, Aakash Dhiman, Rakesh Bharati, Dilpreet Kaur, Hemantajit Gogoi, Karuppasamy Govindasamy
Fizjoterapia Polska, 2024
Effectiveness of yoga intervention on depression, stress, and sleep quality in IT professionals with chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial
Chinnasamy Vignesh, Navaraj Chelliah Jesus Rajkumar, Mou Pramanik, Basavaraj Kumasi, Masilamani Elayaraja, Deepak Bangari, Bindiya Rawat, Deepika Sethi, Yogender Bhoria, Edi Setiawan, Hemantajit Gogoi, Karuppasamy Govindasamy
Fizjoterapia Polska, 2024
Exploring cardiovascular risk: The significance of neck circumference in predicting upper body obesity and metabolic health
K. Kavitha, Masilamani Elayaraja, Kuppusamy Maheshkumar, Sunil Kumar, Anurag Pathak, Aakash Dhiman, Rajesh Kumar, Jagadeesan Thanalakshmi, Dilara Kamaldeen, Dilpreet Kaur, Kavita Marwah, Rakesh Bharti, Hemantajit Gogoi, Karuppasamy Govindasamy
Fizjoterapia Polska, 2024
Evaluating the Impact of a 12-Week Yoga Intervention on Cardiac Autonomic Function and Blood Pressure in Young Indian Adults with Primary Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Study
Poli Borah, Masilamani Elayaraja, Jasvir Ram, Mou Pramanik, Tadang Minu, Likha Eichir, Zilpha A Modi, Lakshyajit Gogoi, Karuppasamy Govindasamy
Slobozhanskyi Herald of Science and Sport, 2023
Exploring the Effects of Yogic Practice and Diet Intervention on Body Composition in Obese Female Adolescents
Mou Pramanik, Navaraj Chelliah Rajkumar, Masilamani Elayaraja, Hemantajit Gogoi, Karuppasamy Govindasamy
Universal Journal of Public Health, 2023
Effects of a 12-Week Yoga Training Intervention on Blood Pressure and Body Composition in Obese Female Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Mou Pramanik, , Navaraj Chelliah Rajkumar, Masilamani Elayaraja, Hemantajit Gogoi, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, , , , and
Fizicna Reabilitacia Ta Rekreacijno Ozdorovci Tehnologii, 2023
Impact of diversified aerobic training approaches for amplifying bone density in young individuals
Masilamani Elayaraja, Karuppasamy Govindasamy
Fizjoterapia Polska, 2023
Impact of Covid-19 outbreak on stress and depression among Indian football players
Nafih Cherappurath, Md. Dilsad Ahmed, Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez, Shaheen Begum, N Sreelekha, M Elayaraja, Anoma Rathnayaka, Dilshith Azeezul Kabeer
Sport Tk, 2023
NOTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF PRO KABADDI LEAGUE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE TEAMS’ ACHIEVEMENT
Revista Iberoamericana De Psicologia Del Ejercicio Y El Deporte, 2023
PETTLEP imagery and tennis service performance: an applied investigation
Nafih Cherappurath, Masilamani Elayaraja, Dilshith A. Kabeer, Amila Anjum, Paris Vogazianos, Athos Antoniades
Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 2020
The self-esteem, goal orientation, and health-related physical fitness of active and inactive adolescent students
Md. Dilsad Ahmed, Walter King Yan Ho, Rudolph Leon Van Niekerk, Tony Morris, M. Elayaraja, Ki-Cheon Lee, Edel Randles
Cogent Psychology, 2017

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