Growth and biofilm inhibitory potential of selected essential oils against multidrug resistant uropathogens Poonam Sharma, Suraj Kumar Mishra, Rambir Singh Journal of Integrated Science and Technology, 2026 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant global health concern, affecting individuals of all ages. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens has necessitated the exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches. In this study we evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potential of selected plant essential oils (EOs) against antibiotic-resistant uropathogens and identified their phytochemicals. Urine samples were collected from symptomatic women (age group 20 to 55) visiting the OPDs of the District Hospital Anuppur. Uropathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Enterococcus faecalis were isolated and identified using selective culture media. AST was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity, MIC, and antibiofilm activity of six Eos {Nagarmotha, palmarosa, eucalyptus, spearmint, peppermint, and basil}, were assessed using standard protocol. GC-MS analysis of active EOs was performed to identify the phytoconstituents. Out of 100 swab samples, 56 (44.84%) were detected positive for UTI pathogens. AST revealed that 20 isolates exhibited resistance to 3 or more antibiotics and were considered MDR. Nagarmotha and eucalyptus EOs exhibited the lowest MIC values (0.65 ± 0.08 µg/mL and 0.65 ± 0.88 µg/mL) against B. cereus and E. faecalis, respectively. Palmarosa showed moderate MICs (2.60 ± 0.33 µg/mL) against both E. faecalis and B. cereus. Both oils demonstrated strong concentration-dependent anti-biofilm activity. GC-MS analysis indicated eucalyptol as a major compound in eucalyptus and L-menthol in peppermint oil. These phytochemicals of EOs could serve as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics against UTI.
Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma spp. Isolated from Tribal Women Juhi, Vaishali Halwai, Rambir Singh, Sona Singh, Neha Jain, et al. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2024 Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health problem worldwide with significant social and economic implications. Effective control and prevention strategies necessitate a thorough understanding of the prevalence, isolation, and identification of STI pathogens. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the isolation, identification, prevalence, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of STI pathogens based on culture method analysis. Endocervical /vaginal swab samples from female patients symptomatic for STI were cultured on different selective and differential media and pathogens were identified by colony morphology and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST) of isolated and identified culture pathogen was performed by using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Among 209 endocervical/vaginal swab samples from symptomatic patients, 126 (60.28%) tested positive and 83 (39.71%) negative. Ureaplasma spp. (n = 100) was the most prevalent isolate, constituting 79.36% of culture-positive samples, followed by N. gonorrhoea (n = 99) at 78.57%, and Mycoplasma spp. (n = 41) at 32.54% individually and in combination. AST analysis revealed erythromycin (74%), ofloxacin (69%), and roxithromycin (64%) as the most resistant antibiotics for Ureaplasma spp. N. gonorrhoea showed the highest resistance to cefixime (78.79%), followed by ofloxacin (75.76%) and erythromycin (69.7%). Azithromycin and erythromycin exhibited 100% resistance against Mycoplasma spp. The study provides information on the prevalent bacterial pathogens involved in STIs among women in Anuppur and Shahdol districts, Madhya Pradesh. Understanding the diversity, distribution patterns and antibiotic sensitivity of these pathogens is crucial for developing targeted interventions and effective prevention strategies in such resource-limited areas.
Anti-Quorum Sensing and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Rhizomes against Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pankaj Kumar Sagar, Poonam Sharma, Rambir Singh Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology, 2024 Background: The aim of this study was to determination of Anti-Quorum Sensing (AQS) and anti-biofilm potential of the methanol extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa).
 Methods: The AQS activity of ginger was determined against Chromobacterium violaceum (C. violaceum) ATCC 12472 (CV12472), a biosensor strain, in qualitative manner using the agar well diffusion method. The violacein pigment inhibition was assessed to confirm AQS activity of ginger. The AQS potential of sub-minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (sub-MICs) of the ginger extract was determined by targeting different QS regulated virulence factors, including swarming motility (using swarm diameter measurement method), pyocyanin pigment (using chloroform extraction method), Exopolysaccharide (EPS) (using phenol-sulphuric acid method), and biofilm formation (using microtiter plate assay), against clinical isolates (CIs 2, 3, and 4) and standard reference strain of P. aeruginosa (PA01).
 Results: The AQS activity of methanol extract of ginger was confirmed against C. violaceum (CV12472) as inhibition of violacein pigment formation without effecting the growth of CIs and PA01 of P. aeruginosa. The ginger extract exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of virulence factors and biofilm formation. The maximum reduction was found in swarming motility, pyocyanin, EPS and biofilm formation against PA01 (51.38%), CI3 (57.91%), PA01 (63.29%) and CI2 (64.37%), respectively at 1/2 MIC of ginger extract.
 Conclusion: The results of present study revealed the effective AQS and anti-biofilm potential of Zingiber officinale rhizome methanol extract at a reduced dose (sub-MICs). The extract may be explored further for its antibiotic potential and also for reducing the chances of emergence of resistance in P. aeruginosa.
The Effect of Production and Post-Harvest Processing Practices on Quality Attributes in Centella asiatica (L.) Urban—A Review Rambir Singh, Balasiewdor Kharsyntiew, Poonam Sharma, Uttam Kumar Sahoo, Prakash Kumar Sarangi, et al. Agronomy, 2023 Centella asiatica is well known for its miraculous therapeutic properties in various systems of traditional medicine across the world. However, significant variation in its pharmacological activities has been reported due to the unavailability of quality raw material and non-standardized formulations. A number of research papers have been published on the collection of C. asiatica plants from different regions for the identification of a suitable agroclimate with elite germplasms. Efforts have been made to standardize production and post-harvest practices for the availability of quality raw material with a high centelloside content. The ecological niche modeling approach revealed that the Indian subcontinent has high climatic suitability for the production of C. asiatica, and genotypes with a high content of centelloside were predominantly found in the Western Ghats, North East, Eastern Himalaya and Western Himalaya in India. Open cultivation of C. asiatica is more suitable in these agroclimatic zones in India. Cultivation under shade is also suitable in the plains of Central India. Hydroponic and tissue culture of C. asiatica has also been successfully established for the enhanced production of centelloside using supplements and elicitors such as sucrose, auxins, cytokinins, kinetin, methyl jasmonate, etc. Freeze drying has been identified as the most efficient post-harvest method for the high pharmacological activities of C. asiatica extracts.
Testosterone propionate and Swarna Bhasma treatment modulated D-galactose induced reproductive alterations in male Wistar rats: An experimental study Aashish Kumar Netam, Vikas Pankaj Bhargava, Rambir Singh, Poonam Sharma International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine, 2023 Background: The male reproductive system undergoes several adverse age-related changes like decreased hormone synthesis, sperm count, and testicular alteration that can impact on fertility.
 Objective: The study aims to investigate the effects of testosterone propionate (TP), and ayurvedic formulation Swarna Bhasma (SB) on D-galactose (D-gal) induced reproductive aging in male Wistar rats.
 Materials and Methods: 60 male Wistar rats were divided into 10 groups of 6 animals. Reproductive aging was induced by D-gal (150 mg/kg Bwt) exposure for 60 days. The rats were then treated by post and combination treatment with TP (2 mg/kg Bwt) and SB (6.75 mg/kg Bwt). Then sperm parameters, reproductive hormones, inflammatory markers, testicular antioxidant enzymes, steroidogenic enzymes, and histological manifestation of testis were evaluated.
 Results: Exposure of D-gal caused significant (p < 0.001) decrease in serum testosterone (T), testicular steroidogenic, and antioxidant enzymes. Administration of TP increased the serum T level, testicular antioxidant enzymes, and spermatogenic profile at a significant level of (p < 0.001) compared to D-gal. Further, the SB treatment significantly (p < 0.001) elevated the serum T level, sperm count, testicular antioxidant enzymes, steroidogenic enzymes, when compared to D-gal.
 Conclusion: Both the treatment of TP and SB treatments recovered the reproductive impairments caused by D-gal. However, exogenous T supplementation via TP administration is associated with various side effects during long-term use. SB is an Ayurvedic formulation having a long history of usage in India. The current findings suggest that the SB may be used as a good alternative for potentiating reproductive function in aging males.
 Key words: D-galactose, Aging, Testosterone propionate, Swarna Bhasma, Testis, Hypogonadism, infertility.
Cassia tora Mitigates Aluminium Chloride Induced Alterations in Pro-inflammatory Cytokines, Neurotransmitters, and Beta-amyloid and Tau Protein Markers in Wistar Rats Vikas Pankaj Bhargava, Aashish Kumar Netam, Rambir Singh, Poonam Sharma Toxicology International, 2023 Background and Aim: Exposure to Aluminium (Al) has been reported to cause neurotoxicity in laboratory animals. Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque formation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation have been indicated as the possible mechanism of Al-induced neurodegeneration. The present study aimed to understand the mechanism of aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats and to assess the neuroprotective effect of methanolic extract of Cassia tora leaves (MECT). Material and Methods: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups. AlCl3 (100 mg/kg bw) and MECT (300 mg/kg bw) were given orally by gavage and memantine (MEM) was administered intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg bw) to rats, daily for 60 days. The spatial learning memory and recognition memory were evaluated using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. The levels of oxidative stress, neurotransmitter markers, pro-inflammatory markers, Aβ proteins plaques formation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation were evaluated. Histopathology of brain tissue was performed to assess the extent of tissue damage on AlCl3 exposure. Results: MECT significantly improved cognitive behaviours in AlCl3-exposed rats during the MWM test. Treatment with MECT resulted in a significant recovery of antioxidant enzyme function, the activity of neurotransmitter markers and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. MECT prevented the aggregation of Aβ proteins and tau protein phosphorylation. Also, it inhibited the loss of neuronal integrity in the cortex and hippocampus regions of the brain in AlCl3-exposed rats. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that a methanolic extract of Cassia tora leaves ameliorated AlCl3-induced neurodegeneration in Wistar rats.
Antibacterial Activity of Selected Fruit Juices against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens Involved in Urinary Tract and Sexually Transmitted Infections among Tribal Women in Madhya Pradesh, India Poonam Sharma, Juhi, Vaishali Halwai, Sainivedita Rout, Rambir Singh Journal of Pharmacopuncture, 2023 Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fruit juices on Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens involved in Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among tribal women in the district Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, India. Methods Fresh juices of lemon (Citrus limon), amla/Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), pineapple (Ananas comosus), mosambi/sweet lime (Citrus limetta), orange (Citrus sinensis), kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa), and pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruits were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens involved in UITs and STIs among tribal women. Physico-chemical analysis of fresh fruits was also carried out by measuring the pH, moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre, carbohydrate, and ascorbic acid content. Results Lemon and amla juice showed better antibacterial activity against the pathogens as compared to other juices. MIC results fruit juices against UTIs and STIs pathogens vary depending on the specific pathogen and juice chemical constituents. The physico-chemical analysis showed that the moisture content was highest in mosambi (90%), followed by orange (87%). Ascorbic acid content was found highest in amla (540 mg/100 g), followed by kiwi (90.3 mg/100 g). Pomegranate showed highest concentration of carbohydrate (15.28 g/100 g), fat (1.28 g/100 g), and protein (1.65 g/100 g). Lemon juice had lowest pH of 2.20, followed by amla 2.67. Conclusion The lemon juice showed highest antibacterial activity against MDR bacterial pathogens involved in UTIs and STIs among tribal women in district Anuppur, Madhya Pradesh, India. The low pH of lemon may be responsible for its high antibacterial activity as compared to other juices.
Inhibition of Quorum Sensing Regulated Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation by Eucalyptus globulus against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pankaj Kumar Sagar, Poonam Sharma, Rambir Singh Journal of Pharmacopuncture, 2022 Objectives The quorum-sensing–inhibitory and anti-biofilm activities of the methanol extract of E. globulus leaves were determined against clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods The preliminary anti-quorum–sensing (AQS) activity of eucalyptus was investigated against a biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 (CV12472) by using the agar well diffusion method. The effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of the methanol extract of eucalyptus on different quorum-sensing–regulated virulence factors, such as swarming motility, pyocyanin pigment, exopolysaccharide (EPS), and biofilm formation, against clinical isolates (CIs 2, 3, and 4) and reference PA01 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined using the swarm diameter (mm)-measurement method, chloroform extraction method, phenol (5%)-sulphuric acid (concentrated) method, and the microtiter plate assay respectively, and the inhibition (%) in formation were calculated. Results The preliminary AQS activity (violacein pigment inhibition) of eucalyptus was confirmed against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 (CV12472). The eucalyptus extract also showed concentration-dependent inhibition (%) of swarming motility, pyocyanin pigment, EPS, and biofilm formation in different CIs and PA01 of P. aeruginosa. Conclusion Our results revealed the effectiveness of the E. globulus extract for the regulation of quorum-sensing–dependent virulence factors and biofilm formation at a reduced dose (sub-MICs) and suggest that E. globulus may be a therapeutic agent for curing and controlling bacterial infection and thereby reducing the possibility of resistance development in pathogenic strains.
Lactobacillus casei and bifidobacterium bifidum reduces postprandial hyperglycaemia, inhibits α-glucosidase activity and improve histology of pancreatic islets in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats Chemical Biology Letters, 2021
Momordica dioica stimulated insulin secretion from rat pancreatic islets is independent of ATP-sensitive K+ channel International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 2016
HIV positivity in TB suspects - An observational, non-randomized study Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 2013
Antidiabetic activity of Cassia sophera in STZ induced diabetic rats and its effect on insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets International Journal of Phytomedicine, 2013
Assessment of antiarthritic and immunomdulatory properties of Lactobacillus casei in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) experimental model International Journal of Integrative Biology, 2010
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