Evaluation of the Psychiatric Disorders among Amphetamine Addicts in Rehabilitation Centers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Saud D. AlOtaibi, Hossam A. Elsisi, Mohammed J. AlShammary, Saud A. AlQader, Hejab A. AlHarbi, et al. Journal of Toxicology, 2024 Background. People who are addicted to amphetamines have a much greater chance of developing psychosis compared to those who are not. It is essential to study the behavioral and psychological effects of amphetamines. Therefore, this research aimed to examine conditions such as depression, anxiety, mood, cognitive abilities at the workplace, and social responsibilities by using sociodemographic factors as useful tools in determining effective strategies for preventing, managing, and treating amphetamine addiction. Methods. A cross‐sectional study among addicts hospitalized at two rehabilitation centers across Saudi Arabia between May and October 2023. A validated questionnaire consisting of psychiatric disorders assessment tools was distributed to healthcare professionals to start an interview with addicts to assess the abnormalities. The results were compared with healthy people (control). The assessment tools used are Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Work and Social Adjustment Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were employed. Results. A total of 60 subjects participated in this study. The participants were divided into two groups (n = 60): group I was control (n = 25) healthy volunteers and group II was amphetamine abusers (n = 35), who were hospitalized for detoxification. The ages ranged from 18 to 60 years old with mean ages of 38.68 (±8.14) and 37.77 (±10.95) years in the control and amphetamine groups, respectively. Among the addicts, the mean severity dependence scale value was 10.46 (±1.82), which denotes high dependency on the illicit drug. The prevalence of high levels of anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder was significantly higher among addicts when they were compared to healthy people (control). The assessment of the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) reflected a higher impairment that minimized their ability to perform the work requirements, home management, social leisure, and relationships. Conclusions. The addiction to amphetamines was associated with high impairment of work performance and social obligations and a negative impact on the addict’s mental health. The risk of suffering anxiety, depression, and bipolar is higher than in nonaddict people. These effects are attributed to brain damage, neurotoxicity, and neuronal inflammation, particularly when these substances are abused over extended periods and at higher doses.
Health status outcome among cannabis addicts after treatment of addiction Mohammed Ali A. L. Siwar, Sayed Hossam El-Din Mansour, Maha A. Aldubayan, Ahmad H. Alhowail, Yasser S. Almogbel, et al. Plos One, 2023 The abuse of Cannabis is a widespread issue in the Asir region. It has a lot of legal and occupational repercussions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health status of cannabis addicts at admission and after treatment using body mass index, glycemic status, liver function, renal function, and oxidative stress. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 participants. The study was conducted at Al Amal Hospital for Mental Health in Asir region of Saudi Arabia, with 100 hospitalized patients receiving addiction treatment and 20 healthy volunteers. The participants were divided into two groups: group I, the control group, and group II, the cannabis addicts. The socio-demographic data were gathered. The level of cannabis in the urine and the CWAS [Cannabis Withdrawal Assessment Scale] were determined. In addition, the Body Mass Index [BMI], vital signs [temperature, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate], serum levels of albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ALP, urea, creatinine, Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances [TBARS], superoxide dismutase [SOD], reduced glutathione [GSH], and catalase [CAT] were analyzed on the first day of admission and after treatment. According to the results, there was no significant change in the body mass index. The vital signs in the cannabis user group were significantly lower than the corresponding admission values. Regarding renal function tests such as urea and creatinine, we found that after treatment, the mean urea and creatinine values in the cannabis user group did not differ significantly from the corresponding admission values. However, after treatment, the mean values of fasting blood glucose levels in the cannabis user group were significantly lower than at admission. Also, the mean values of liver function tests such as albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ALP in the cannabis user group were significantly lower than the corresponding admission values after treatment. In assessing the antioxidant system, we found that the mean values of TBARS, SOD, GSH, and CAT in the cannabis user group did not differ significantly from the corresponding admission values after treatment. The current findings have revealed that cannabis addiction harms the various body systems and has significant implications for the addict’s state of health. The values of oxidative stress biomarkers did not change in this study, but other measured parameters improved after treatment.
Vitamin C as a potential ameliorating agent against hepatotoxicity among alcoholic abusers M. H. Al Garea, A. Alqasoumi, S. Alqahtani, A. Hadadi, Ashraf Mahmoud Emara European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 2023 OBJECTIVE Drug and substance abuse remains a major medical problem globally. Alcohol consumption, particularly heavy drinking, is an important risk factor for many health problems and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Vitamin C has proven to be defensive against toxic substances and provides antioxidant and cytoprotective activity to hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate vitamin C as a potential ameliorating agent against hepatotoxicity among alcohol abusers. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a cross-sectional study that included eighty male hospitalized alcohol abusers and twenty healthy people as a control group. Alcohol abusers received standard treatment plus vitamin C. Total protein, albumin, total Bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and 8-hydroxhguanosine (8-OHdG) were investigated. RESULTS This study reported that, in the alcohol abuser group, there was a significant increase in the total protein, bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, TBARS, SOD and 8-OHdG; on the other hand, there was a significant decrease in albumin, GSH and CAT compared with the control group. The alcohol abuser group treated with vitamin C showed a significant decrease in total protein, bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, TBARS, SOD and 8-OHdG; on the other hand, there was a significant increase in albumin, GSH and CAT compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS This study's findings suggest that alcohol abuse induces significant alterations in various hepatic biochemical parameters and oxidative stress and that vitamin C has a partial protective role in countering alcohol abuse-induced hepatotoxicity. Using vitamin C as an adjunctive supplement to standard treatment may be helpful in minimizing the toxic side effects of alcohol abuse.
Effect of inhaled anaesthetics gases on cytokines and oxidative stress alterations for the staff health status in hospitals Khaled A. AL-Rasheedi, Abdulmajeed A. Alqasoumi, Ashraf M. Emara International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2021 Objectives The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of waste anaesthetic gases on cytokines and oxidative stress of hospital health team members following exposure to waste anaesthetic gases (WAGs). Subjects and methods In total, 180 participants took part in this study; 60 of these were healthy male controls and the 120 participants in the intervention group were staff who work in the operating room. This latter group comprises six occupational subgroups (1) surgeons, (2) surgical assistants, (3) anaesthesiologists (4) anaesthesiology assistants, (5) nurses and (6) janitors. The following parameters were assessed: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, plasma fluoride, serum interferon gamma (IFN-γ), serum interleukin 2 (IL2), serum interleukin 4 (IL4) and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Results Anaesthesiologists and their assistants exhibited the highest levels of plasma fluoride, serum IFN-γ and IL 2, exceeding the levels in detected in all the other occupational subgroups. Furthermore, the serum levels of IL4 were significantly raised in anaesthesiologists and the difference between this group and other groups was statistically significant. However, compared with the other subgroups, surgeons exhibited elevated plasma TBARS and reduced CAT, GSHpx and SOD; these variances were also statistically significant. Conclusion and recommendations The findings of this study indicate that operating room staff exposed to WAGs are vulnerable to experiencing immunotoxicity as the WAGs are considered to initiate oxidative stress and increase the levels of cytokines in serum. Thus, an education programme is warranted to inform staff working in environments where they may be subjected to WAGs on the effects that the gases can have upon their health and how to minimise their exposure to WAGs. An ongoing effort is also needed to ensure anaesthesia safety standards are maintained at all times. The findings of this study may provide a springboard for future research into occupational exposure to WAGs and their wider effect upon health.
Effect of inhaled anesthetic gases on immune status alterations in health care workers Ashraf Mahmoud Emara, Khaled Ali Alrasheedi, Salha Dihim Alrashidi, Rehab Mohamed Elgharabawy Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2021 The objective of this research was to evaluate consequences to the immune system of long-term exposure to waste anesthetic gases (WAG) by medical theater personnel. Two groups were recruited: (i) 60 healthy male controls; (ii) 120 medical professionals exposed to WAG, subdivided according to theater role, i.e. surgeons, surgical assistants (SA), anesthetists, anesthetic assistants (AA), nurses, and workers. Serum levels of fluoride, hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), total lymphocyte counts, as well as of CD3, CD4, and CD8 cells, CD4/CD8 ratios, and immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM, and IgE were assayed. The results showed that fluoride and HFIP titers were significantly increased in anesthetists and AA compared with the other exposed groups. All exposed groups demonstrated significant elevation in lymphocyte count, CD4+ cell levels, CD4/CD8 ratios, as well as levels of IgE, IgM and IgG compared with the controls. With regard to the latter outcomes, a significant increase in IgE was seen in the surgeon, nurse, and worker groups compared with the other professions. Surgeons, anesthetists and AA exhibited higher IgM titers compared with their colleagues. Significantly higher IgG levels were identified in the SA, anesthetists, AA, and workers than in their nurses and surgeon coworkers. Of the six sub-groups, only the anesthetists and their assistants (AA) displayed a significant increase in CD4+ cells and CD4/CD8 ratios and a decrease of CD8+ cells compared with the controls. This spectrum of results suggests that variation exists in immunomodulatory responses to WAG exposure amongst hospital personnel.
Effect of inhaled waste anaesthetic gas on blood and liver parameters among hospital staff AM Emara, KA Alrasheedi, MA Aldubayan, AH Alhowail, RM Elgarabawy Human and Experimental Toxicology, 2020 A significant health risk exists within a section of health workers that are exposed to anaesthetic gas and vapours, found in the atmosphere of treatment or operating rooms. These compounds are classified as waste anaesthetic gases (WAG). The present study aimed at identifying alterations in hepatic and haematological parameters occurring as a result of chronic exposure to WAG potentially affecting the health of team members working in hospitals. Therefore, operating room operatives, vulnerable to long-standing WAG exposure, were recruited for this study. Sevoflurane anaesthesia metabolites (inorganic fluoride and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)), haematological indices and liver toxicity markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and osteopontin) were measured. The collected results showed increased plasma inorganic fluoride, HFIP and liver toxicity markers, as well as disturbances in haematological parameters. In conclusion, exposure to halogenated inhalational anaesthetics, in general, and Sevoflurane, in particular, induces alterations in hepatic markers and haematological indices.
End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) analysis of etiology and complications among patients treated with haemodialysis in Iben Sina teaching hospital-Sirte Jamahiriya Medical Journal, 2010
A Systematic Review for Advanced Solutions for Alcohol Use Disorder: Detection, Treatment, and Prevention AME Anoud Masier Ateeq Alshammari, Ahmad H. Alhowail Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research 7 (S10 … , 2024 2024
Co-abuse of amphetamine and alcohol harms kidney and liver YSAAME Sharifah Alharbi, Maha A. Aldubayan, Ahmad H. Alhowail scientific reports 14 (23400), 1-17 , 2024 2024 Citations: 9
Evaluation of the Psychiatric Disorders among Amphetamine Addicts in Rehabilitation Centers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis AME Saud D. AlOtaibi, Hossam A. Elsisi, Mohammed J. AlShammary, Saud A ... Journal of Toxicology 2024 (643693), 1-11 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Correction to: Effect of inhaled anaesthetics gases on cytokines and oxidative stress alterations for the staff health status in hospitals KA Al-Rasheedi, AA Alqasoumi, AM Emara International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 97 (2), 219 , 2024 2024
Mechanisms of psychiatric disorders induced by amphetamines: A comprehensive review SD AlOtaibi, M Ashraf, AM Emara, HA Elsisi Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch 11 (1), 260-274 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
Health status outcome among cannabis addicts after treatment of addiction MAAL Siwar, SHED Mansour, MA Aldubayan, AH Alhowail, YS Almogbel, ... Plos one 18 (11), e0290730 , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Vitamin C as a potential ameliorating agent against hepatotoxicity among alcoholic abusers AME M.H. AL GAREA, A.A. ALQASOUMI, S.A. ALQAHTANI, A.H. HADADI European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 27, 3322-3335 , 2023 2023 Citations: 9
Evaluation of the health status outcome among inpatients treated for amphetamine addiction RS Alharbi, AH Alhowail, AG Alharbi, AM Emara Saudi journal of biological sciences 29 (3), 1465-1476 , 2022 2022 Citations: 15
Effect of inhaled anaesthetics gases on cytokines and oxidative stress alterations for the staff health status in hospitals KA Al-Rasheedi, AA Alqasoumi, AM Emara International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 94 (8), 1953 … , 2021 2021 Citations: 20
The impact of chicory (Cichoriumintybus L.) on hemodynamic functions and oxidative stress in cardiac toxicity induced by lead oxide nanoparticles in male rats RM Elgharabawy, AH Alhowail, AM Emara, MA Aldubayan, AS Ahmed Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 137, 111324 , 2021 2021 Citations: 38
Effect of inhaled anesthetic gases on immune status alterations in health care workers AM Emara, KA Alrasheedi, SD Alrashidi, RM Elgharabawy Journal of Immunotoxicology 18 (1), 13-22 , 2021 2021 Citations: 7
Effect of inhaled waste anaesthetic gas on blood and liver parameters among hospital staff AM Emara, KA Alrasheedi, MA Aldubayan, AH Alhowail, RM Elgarabawy Human & Experimental Toxicology 39 (12), 1585-1595 , 2020 2020 Citations: 26
Luminescence of Phosphate Glasses: P 2 O 5 -ZnO-BaF 2 -K 2 TeO 3 -Al 2 O 3 -Nb 2 O 5 Doped with Sm 3+ Ions for Display and Laser Material: AbouDeif … YM Aboudeif, MM Alqahtani, AM Emara, M Reben, ES Yousef Journal of Electronic Materials 49 (7), 4144-4153 , 2020 2020 Citations: 8
Research Article Sinapic Acid Attenuates Cardiovascular Disorders in Rats by Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species and Angiotensin Receptor Expression MA Aldubayan, AS Ahmed, AM Emara, AA Ahmed, RM Elgharabawy 2020
Sinapic acid attenuates cardiovascular disorders in rats by modulating reactive oxygen species and angiotensin receptor expression MA Aldubayan, AS Ahmed, AM Emara, AA Ahmed, RM Elgharabawy Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (1), 1436858 , 2020 2020 Citations: 28
Activation of the molecular and functional effects of Nrf2 against chronic iron oxide nanorod overload-induced cardiotoxicity RM Elgharabawy, DM Elgharbawy, AM Emara Human & Experimental Toxicology 37 (8), 870-885 , 2018 2018 Citations: 7
Luminescence properties of zinc niobium tellurium glasses doped thulium oxide YMA Deif, MM Alqahtani, AM Emara, H Algarni, ES Yousef Chalcogenide Letters 15 (4), 219-226 , 2018 2018 Citations: 9
SOME HEALTH EFFECTS DUE TO CHRONIC OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO CYANIDE M Manawil, AB Abbas, D Sabry, AM Emara The Egyptian Society of Industrial Medicine , 2017 2017
EMISSION CROSS SECTION AND LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY OF SAMARIUM OXIDE DOPED TELLURITE GLASSES. AM Emara, MM Alqahtani, YM Abou Deif, ES Yousef Chalcogenide Letters 14 (9) , 2017 2017 Citations: 11
Evaluation of the elastic properties of monovalent oxides using -based glasses AM Emara, SF Mansour, MY Hassaan, E Sayed Yousef Bulletin of Materials Science 40 (3), 555-560 , 2017 2017 Citations: 5
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Zinc oxide nanoparticles and a standard antidiabetic drug restore the function and structure of beta cells in Type-2 diabetes RM El-Gharbawy, AM Emara, SES Abu-Risha Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 84, 810-820 , 2016 2016 Citations: 139
Possible protective effect of propolis against lead induced neurotoxicity in animal model TA El-Masry, AM Emara, NA El-Shitany J Evol Biol Res 3 (1), 4-11 , 2011 2011 Citations: 78
Potential hepatoprotective effects of vitamin E and Nigella sativa oil on hepatotoxicity induced by chronic exposure to malathion in human and male albino rats MA El-Gharieb, TA El-Masry, AM Emara, MA Hashem Toxicological & Environ Chemistry 92 (2), 391-407 , 2010 2010 Citations: 55
The influence of oxides on the optical properties of tellurite glasses SF Mansour, E Sayed Yousef, MY Hassaan, AM Emara Physica Scripta 89 (11), 115812 , 2014 2014 Citations: 54
Immunotoxicological study of one of the most common over-the-counter pyrethroid insecticide products in Egypt AM Emara, EI Draz Inhalation toxicology 19 (12), 997-1009 , 2007 2007 Citations: 51
Green tea attenuates benzene-induced oxidative stress in pump workers AM Emara, H El-Bahrawy Journal of immunotoxicology 5 (1), 69-80 , 2008 2008 Citations: 50
The impact of chicory (Cichoriumintybus L.) on hemodynamic functions and oxidative stress in cardiac toxicity induced by lead oxide nanoparticles in male rats RM Elgharabawy, AH Alhowail, AM Emara, MA Aldubayan, AS Ahmed Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 137, 111324 , 2021 2021 Citations: 38
Pattern of craniofacial injuries in patients admitted to Tanta University Hospital–Egypt NA Hassan, RS El Kelany, AM Emara, M Amer Journal of forensic and legal medicine 17 (1), 26-32 , 2010 2010 Citations: 30
Sinapic acid attenuates cardiovascular disorders in rats by modulating reactive oxygen species and angiotensin receptor expression MA Aldubayan, AS Ahmed, AM Emara, AA Ahmed, RM Elgharabawy Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (1), 1436858 , 2020 2020 Citations: 28
Immunotoxicity and hematotoxicity induced by tetrachloroethylene in egyptian dry cleaning workers AM Emara, MM Abo El-Noor, NA Hassan, AA Wagih Inhalation toxicology 22 (2), 117-124 , 2010 2010 Citations: 27
Effect of inhaled waste anaesthetic gas on blood and liver parameters among hospital staff AM Emara, KA Alrasheedi, MA Aldubayan, AH Alhowail, RM Elgarabawy Human & Experimental Toxicology 39 (12), 1585-1595 , 2020 2020 Citations: 26
Comparative study of the protective effect between deferoxamine and deferiprone on chronic iron overload induced cardiotoxicity in rats AM Emara, RS El Kelany, KA Moustafa Human & experimental toxicology 25 (7), 375-385 , 2006 2006 Citations: 25
Thermal, IR, Raman characteristics, Raman gain coefficient and bandwidths in quaternary glasses SF Mansour, MY Hassaan, AM Emara Solid state sciences 37, 33-39 , 2014 2014 Citations: 21
Effect of inhaled anaesthetics gases on cytokines and oxidative stress alterations for the staff health status in hospitals KA Al-Rasheedi, AA Alqasoumi, AM Emara International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 94 (8), 1953 … , 2021 2021 Citations: 20
Genotoxicity of some commonly used antidepressants (fluoxetine, sertraline and clomipramine) EI Draz, AM Emara, KM Saad, A Badaway Mansoura Journal of forensic medicine and clinical toxicology 17 (2), 63-78 , 2009 2009 Citations: 20
The protective effect of Panax ginseng against chromium picolonate induced testicular changes RM Elgharabawy, AM Emara Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 8 (12), 346-55 , 2014 2014 Citations: 18
Pediatric poisoning in Egypt AI Maklad, AM Emara, EI El-Maddah, MAAM El-Refai Journal of applied pharmaceutical science, 01-06 , 2012 2012 Citations: 18
Evaluation of the health status outcome among inpatients treated for amphetamine addiction RS Alharbi, AH Alhowail, AG Alharbi, AM Emara Saudi journal of biological sciences 29 (3), 1465-1476 , 2022 2022 Citations: 15
Pattern of road traffic injuries in patients admitted to Al-jlaa Hospital, Benghazi, Libya NAH Ashraf Mahmoud Emara, Azza S.H. Greiw MD Tanta medical journal 43 (2), 39-45 , 2015 2015 Citations: 13
EMISSION CROSS SECTION AND LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY OF SAMARIUM OXIDE DOPED TELLURITE GLASSES. AM Emara, MM Alqahtani, YM Abou Deif, ES Yousef Chalcogenide Letters 14 (9) , 2017 2017 Citations: 11