Analysis of Fibroblast Growth Factor from Platelet-rich Fibrin with and without Phototherapy: An Ex Vivo Pilot Study Varatharajan Kalaivani, Narayanan Vivek, Potluri Leela Ravishankar, Kunka Mohan Ramkumar, Abdul Rahim Nizar Ahmed, Kumar Gayathri World Journal of Dentistry, 2025 products, PRF does not use any additives like anticoagulants or bovine thrombin, making it more natural and compatible with the body.It forms a special fibrin matrix packed with platelets, white blood cells, and lots of important growth factors such as PDGF, VEGF,
LL-37 as a biomarker for therapeutic response to scaling and root planing Karkala Sunanda Rao, Pradeep Kumar Yadalam, Potluri Leela Ravishankar, Prem Blaisie Rajula, Harshitha Ravikumar, Duraipandian Rex Arunraj Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 2025 Background: Periodontitis is a chronic immune-inflammatory disease influenced by multiple factors. LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide, contributes to host defense, immune regulation, and tissue repair. Its subgingival expression following nonsurgical periodontal therapy remains underexplored. This study evaluates LL-37 gene expression as a potential biomarker for response to scaling and root planing (SRP). Materials and Methods: Thirty systemically healthy patients (17 males and 13 females; aged 30–50 years) with Stage II or III periodontitis were included. Clinical parameters – probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI) – were recorded at baseline and 1 month post-SRP. Subgingival epithelial tissue samples were collected at both time points for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of LL-37 gene expression. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: All clinical parameters improved significantly posttherapy. In Stage II, PPD reduced from 4.26 ± 0.53 to 3.25 ± 0.49 mm; CAL from 4.63 ± 0.32 to 3.60 ± 0.62 mm; and mSBI from 2.88 ± 0.55 to 1.45 ± 0.57. In Stage III, PPD decreased from 6.29 ± 1.24 to 4.40 ± 0.87 mm; CAL from 7.85 ± 1.11 to 5.81 ± 0.73 mm; and mSBI from 3.63 ± 0.37 to 3.22 ± 0.41 (all P < 0.05). LL-37 expression increased significantly in both groups (Stage II: 3.46 ± 0.35 to 15.1 ± 0.02 and Stage III: 3.88 ± 0.01 to 19.85 ± 0.70; P < 0.001), though correlation with clinical parameters was weak. Conclusion: SRP significantly improved clinical outcomes and upregulated LL-37 expression, supporting its potential as a biomarker for early periodontal healing.
Precision Dental Implant Using Magnetic Mallets in the Mandible A. Sheryl Dolly, A. V. Saravanan, P. L. Ravishankar, S. Lochini Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 2025 Modern dentistry increasingly relies on dental implants for single tooth replacements due to their superior benefits over conventional methods. Magnetic mallets, a recent development in the field of oral implantology, present a promising alternative to conventional manual or motor-driven instruments. This case report aims to document the successful placement of a dental implant in the mandibular posterior region using magnetic mallet technology highlighting its efficacy and advantages in implant dentistry. The use of magnetic mallet technology in this case demonstrated excellent clinical outcomes, including shortened operative times, reduced postoperative discomfort, and enhanced implant stability. Follow-up evaluations over 3 months showed stable healing and no significant bone loss, supporting the efficacy and reliability of magnetic mallets in implant dentistry.
Rinsing away the threat: Antiviral mouthwashes and their efficacy (Review) Oviya Thangamani, Gayathri Kumar, Potluri Ravishankar, Supriti Brahma World Academy of Sciences Journal, 2025 The oral cavity is a gateway through which respiratory viruses, such as SARS CoV‑2 enter. Thus, mouthwashes are potential routes of controlling the viral spread. The present review discusses the effectiveness of formulations containing povidone‑iodine, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide and phthalocyanine derivatives. By disrupting viral structures, oxidizing proteins, inhibiting replication and modulating inflammation, these agents exert their antiviral effects. A systematic search on the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted, including articles published between 2020 and 2025. The present review incorporates systematic reviews, as well as <em>in vitro</em>, <em>in vivo</em>, clinical and observational studies evaluating the virucidal activity, real‑world efficacy and preventive potential of antiviral mouthwashes. From these studies, it is indicated that these mouthwashes markedly reduce salivary viral loads; however, this reduction is transient, formulation‑dependent and requires repeated use. Other concerns are variability in effectiveness, potential for the disruption of the oral microbiome and improving user compliance. Future research is required to focus on the long‑term safety of these products, determine prolonged antiviral activity and design optimized formulations. When used in combination with standard infection control practices, antiviral mouthwashes may be effective, low‑cost adjuncts for reducing viral transmission, particularly in high‑risk environments, such as healthcare and dental facilities. As further evidence becomes available, the integration of these mouthwashes into public health plans may enhance the preparedness for future viral outbreaks.
A Comparative Evaluation of Platelet‑derived Growth Factor in a‑PRF and a‑PRF plus, with and without Low‑level Laser Therapy – An Ex vivo Pilot Study Varatharajan Kalaivani, Vivek Narayanan, Potluri Leela Ravishankar, Kunga Mohan Ramkumar, Nizar Ahmed, Divya Vinayachandran Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2025 Background: The application of platelet concentrates has gained significant attention in regenerative medicine and dentistry, particularly in periodontal regenerative techniques. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) are platelet concentrates that facilitate the repair and regeneration of various tissues, attributed to their rich content of growth factors. Objectives: This current research aims at comparing the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) from advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin plus (A-PRF+), with and without application of low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Methods: Twenty systemically healthy subjects were included in this research. A venipuncture procedure was performed to obtain 15 millilitres of blood, which was collected from the antecubital fossa of each participant. After collection, blood was divided into two equal aliquots of 7.5 mL each. The first 7.5 mL aliquot was subjected to centrifugation for 14 minutes at 1,300 revolutions per minute (rpm), generating a relative centrifugal force of 145 g, to obtain A-PRF. The second 7.5 mL aliquot underwent centrifugation for 8 minutes at 1,300 rpm (145 g) to produce A-PRF+. Following the preparation of A-PRF and A-PRF+, each sample was divided into two equal halves. One half of the A-PRF and A-PRF+ samples was subjected to LLLT, while the other half did not receive any light treatment. After 14 days, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to quantify the expression of PDGF-BB in the samples. Results: The highest PDGF-BB levels were observed in A-PRF+ samples exposed to light (1925.09 pg/µl), followed by A-PRF with light (1905.15 pg/µl). Conclusion: The study demonstrated the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) from both A-PRF and A-PRF+ without low-level laser therapy, and a noticeable increase in production with LLLT.
Effectiveness of binaural beats in alleviating anxiety during periodontal flap surgery: A randomized controlled trial T. K. Madhumitha, Viola Esther, P. L. Ravishankar, Kalaivani, Gayathri Kumar, Prem Blaise Rajula Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 2025 Introduction: Dental anxiety is a prevalent concern, significantly impacting patient experience and treatment outcomes, particularly in periodontal flap surgery. Binaural beats, an auditory brainwave entrainment technique with demonstrated anxiolytic effects in medical contexts, have emerged as a promising nonpharmacological approach but remain underexplored in dental surgery. This study evaluates the efficacy of binaural beats in alleviating anxiety among patients undergoing periodontal flap surgery. Materials and Methods: Fifty chronic periodontitis patients requiring periodontal flap surgery with moderate-to-high preoperative anxiety scores were randomly allocated to a test group (binaural beat exposure) or a control group (no auditory intervention). The test group listened to binaural beats for 30 min (10 min preoperatively + 20 min intraoperatively) using stereo headphones. Anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and physiological stress markers such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded in both groups at the preoperative and postoperative stages. Results: Binaural beat exposure significantly reduced anxiety and physiological stress markers ( P < 0.0001). Mean STAI scores decreased from 49 ± 6.93 to 38.7 ± 9.46. SBP and DBP declined from 132.0 ± 7.79 to 124.6 ± 8.40 mmHg and from 87.2 ± 4.61 to 79.8 ± 6.91 mmHg. HR reduced from 93.4 ± 8.17 to 83.2 ± 7.15 bpm, whereas the control group demonstrated postoperative elevations in anxiety and stress markers. Conclusion: Binaural beats effectively reduced anxiety and physiological stress responses during periodontal flap surgery, offering a cost-effective, noninvasive alternative for anxiety management.
An in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of kaempferol as an antimicrobial agent on periodontal pathogens: An in vitro study S. Raja Rajeswari, V. Vidyashree Nandini, N. Rajendran, M.G. Triveni, P.L. Ravishankar, Divya Dhingra International Journal of Nutrition Pharmacology Neurological Diseases, 2024 Aims: Kaempferol, a flavonoid found in many edible plants, has been attributed to having antimicrobial activity against microorganisms. The current work focused on ascertaining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and conducting time-kill analysis of pure kaempferol against periodontal pathogens, along with elucidation of the antiproteolytic effect of kaempferol against Porphyromonas gingivalis protease. Method: Kaempferol dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide was tested against six standard periodontal pathogens, namely P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Candida albicans, to determine the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), MIC, and conduct time-kill analysis using serial dilution and plating method. The gelatin liquefaction test was conducted to determine the antiproteolytic activity against P. gingivalis. Results: Kaempferol was found to exhibit bactericidal activity against all analyzed periodontal pathogens. The MBC ranged from 6.25 to 100 µL/mL (P. gingivalis and P. intermedia—6.25 µL/mL; T. forsythia and C. albicans—12.5 µL/mL; F. nucleatum—50 µL/mL; A. actinomycetemcomitans—100 µL/mL). MIC ranged from 3.12 to 50 µL/mL. Time-kill analysis demonstrated that the C. albicans was inhibited by 90% within the first 2 hours of incubation and P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum by 80% within 6 hours. Complete inhibition of protease activity was established at 12.5 µL/mL concentration of kaempferol. Conclusion: The study results demonstrated kaempferol’s antimicrobial efficacy against periodontal pathogens and its ability to inhibit protease activity in P. gingivalis. Kaempferol holds promise as a safer alternative to conventional antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis, thus expanding the therapeutic options in antimicrobial strategies.
Role of the rat sarcoma virus gene-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (RAC1) in neutrophil-mediated periodontitis: A narrative review VSM Naidu, V Kalaivani, G Kumar, PL Ravishankar, K Rajapandian SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences 17 (1), 55-58 , 2026 2026
Effectiveness of binaural beats in alleviating anxiety during periodontal flap surgery: A randomized controlled trial TK Madhumitha, V Esther, PL Ravishankar, G Kumar, PB Rajula Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 29 (5), 522-528 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Analysis of Fibroblast Growth Factor from Platelet-rich Fibrin with and without Phototherapy: An Ex Vivo Pilot Study V Kalaivani, N Vivek, PL Ravishankar, KM Ramkumar, ARN Ahmed, ... World Journal of Dentistry 16 (7), 655-658 , 2025 2025
LL-37 as a biomarker for therapeutic response to scaling and root planing KS Rao, PK Yadalam, PL Ravishankar, PB Rajula, H Ravikumar, ... Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 29 (4), 413-417 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Rinsing away the threat: Antiviral mouthwashes and their efficacy O Thangamani, G Kumar, P Leela Ravishankar, S Brahma World Academy of Sciences Journal 7 (5), 78 , 2025 2025
Correlation and Comparison of Tobacco Habit-induced Oral Mucosal Lesions with Duration: A Cross-sectional Study in the Kanchipuram Population, India S Mathialagan, PL Ravishankar, VKR Tripuravaram World Journal of Dentistry 16 (3), 278-284 , 2025 2025
Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Senna alata Leaf Extract against Red Complex Periodontal Pathogens: An In Vitro Study. SM Muthu Kumar, AV Saravanan, PL Ravishankar, K Gayathri, S Siluvai, ... World Journal of Dentistry 16 (5), 454 , 2025 2025
Insights from Ayurveda for diabetes, oral health, and their interface B Thomas, S Bhalerao, M Indurkar, MV Vyas, S Mahajan, PL Ravishankar, ... Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
A Comparative Evaluation of Platelet-derived Growth Factor in a-PRF and a-PRF plus, with and without Low-level Laser Therapy–An Ex vivo Pilot Study V Kalaivani, V Narayanan, PL Ravishankar, KM Ramkumar, N Ahmed, ... Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 37 (1), 45-49 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Precision Dental Implant Using Magnetic Mallets in the Mandible AS Dolly, AV Saravanan, PL Ravishankar, S Lochini Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 16 (1), 53-55 , 2025 2025
Curcumin as a modulator of osteogenic potential in lipopolysaccharide-treated human periodontal ligament cells: an in vitro study M Stanley, PL Ravishankar, PB Rajula, S Rao, P Chakraborty, A Sairam Cureus 17 (1) , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
In vitro analysis of enamel abrasion using a novel manual nano-bristle toothbrush: An atomic force microscopy study M Prasad, PB Rajula, S Rao, MVRM Kodali, G Soloman, N Nisha, R PL Cureus 16 (12) , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Against a Periodontal Pathogen: An In Vitro Study S Hariharan, K Gayathri, PL Ravishankar, V Kalaivani, AV Saravanan Cureus 16 (11) , 2024 2024
Evaluation of the effect of Aegle marmelos (Bael leaf) extract on human fibroblast viability: an in vitro study M Dey, S Rao, PB Rajula, MVRM Kodali, R PL Cureus 16 (10) , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) Extract and Chlorhexidine Against Tannerella forsythia: An In Vitro Study R Mithra, V Kalaivani, K Gayathri, PL Ravishankar, S Rajakumar Cureus 16 (10) , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Estimation of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Levels in Saliva and Serum of Healthy and Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Clinico-biochemical Study GVT Sai, AV Saravanan, PL Ravishankar, S Raja Journal of Interdisciplinary Dentistry 14 (3), 181-187 , 2024 2024
Rugoscopic Evaluation of Periodontal Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study A Sairam, V Esther, M Rashik, M Stanley, R PL Cureus 16 (8) , 2024 2024
Antibacterial activity of Cissus quadrangularis (veldt grape) against Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen in periodontal disease: an in vitro study AR Nair, PB Rajula, SSS Geddam, R PL Cureus 16 (8) , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Evaluation of folic acid-containing mouthrinse and chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in patients with periodontal disease CR Aashik, K Rajapandian, K Gayathri, PL Ravishankar, V Kalaivani, ... Cureus 16 (7) , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Motivational Drivers in Implant Therapy: A Novel Treatment Motivation Scale R Krishetha, S Rao, PL Ravishankar, PB Rajula, K Gayathri, V Kalaivani, ... Cureus 16 (7) , 2024 2024
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Bone morphogenetic proteins: Signaling periodontal bone regeneration and repair GS Anusuya, M Kandasamy, SAJ Raja, S Sabarinathan, P Ravishankar, ... Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 8 (Suppl 1), S39-S41 , 2016 2016 Citations: 55
A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of probiotic and chlorhexidine mouthrinses on clinical inflammatory parameters of gingivitis: A randomized controlled clinical study PV Nadkerny, PL Ravishankar, V Pramod, LA Agarwal, S Bhandari Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 19 (6), 633-639 , 2015 2015 Citations: 55
Effect of local application of curcumin and ornidazole gel in chronic periodontitis patients PL Ravishankar, YP Kumar, EN Anila, P Chakraborty, M Malakar, ... International journal of pharmaceutical investigation 7 (4), 188 , 2017 2017 Citations: 52
Ethno-Botanical approach for root canal treatment-an update P Ravishankar, T Lakshmi, AS Kumar Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 3 (10), 1511 , 2011 2011 Citations: 30
In vitro antibacterial efficacy of sutures coated with Aloe vera and ciprofloxacin: A comparative evaluation PL Ravishankar, V Vijayan, SK Rao, SA Vadivelu, D Narayanaswamy, ... Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 11 (Suppl 2), S164-S168 , 2019 2019 Citations: 22
Prevalence of dental caries and oral hygiene status among school going children: an epidemiological study CS Jayapalan, RV Gondhalekar, BJ Krishna, KMM Shaloob, PF Ummer The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14 (4), 743-746 , 2013 2013 Citations: 20
Evaluation of oral and periodontal status of leprosy patients in Dindigul district SAJ Raja, JJ Raja, R Vijayashree, BM Priya, GS Anusuya, P Ravishankar Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 8 (Suppl 1), S119-S121 , 2016 2016 Citations: 19
Patient-centered comparative outcome analysis of platelet-rich fibrin-reinforced vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access technique and Zucchelli's technique SR Rajeswari, MG Triveni, ABT Kumar, PL Ravishankar, MPB Rajula, ... Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 25 (4), 320-329 , 2021 2021 Citations: 17
Antimicrobial efficacy of blended essential oil and chlorhexidine against periodontal pathogen (P. gingivalis)–an in vitro study G Kumar, MP Rajula, KS Rao, PL Ravishankar, DH Albar, ... Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 26 (5), 625-629 , 2023 2023 Citations: 15
[Retracted] Effect of Supplementation of Vitamin D in Patients with Periodontitis Evaluated before and after Nonsurgical Therapy SM Mishra, PL Ravishankar, V Pramod, PB Rajula, K Gayathri, MK Alam, ... BioMed research international 2022 (1), 5869676 , 2022 2022 Citations: 15
Electro surgery: a review on its application and biocompatibility on periodontium PL Ravishankar, S Mannem Indian J Dent Adv 3 (2), 492-8 , 2011 2011 Citations: 15
Prevalence of periodontal disease and oral hygiene practices in Kancheepuram District population: An epidemiological study M Malakar, PL Ravishankar, AV Saravanan, KS Rao, R Balaji Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 13 (Suppl 2), S1517-S1522 , 2021 2021 Citations: 14
Comparison of anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of Neem, Curcumin and Aloe vera in conjunction with chlorhexidine as an intracanal medicament–An in-vivo study S Khetarpal, A Bansal, N Kukreja Dental Journal of Advance Studies 2 (03), 130-7 , 2014 2014 Citations: 14
The varied proportion of filifactor alocis in periodontal health and disease in the South Indian subpopulation A Neelakandan, R Potluri, PK Yadalam, P Chakraborty, AV Saravanan, ... Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 12 (4), 433-438 , 2021 2021 Citations: 8
Chairside diagnostics in periodontics PL Ravishankar, D Mithra, P Chakraborty, A Kumar SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences 8 (2), 78-81 , 2017 2017 Citations: 8
Current research in Nano periodontics Y Pradeepkumar, KH Panishankar, PK Saraswathi, AV Saravanan SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences 3 (1), 46-50 , 2012 2012 Citations: 8
Estimation of serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, total protein, igg levels in chronic periodontitis affected elderly patients: A cross-sectional study AV Saravanan, PL Ravishankar, P Kumar, K Rajapandian, V Kalaivani, ... Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry 7 (2 … , 2017 2017 Citations: 7
Evaluation of anticardiolipin antibodies in tobacco users and non-tobacco users with severe chronic periodontal disease PK Yadalam, K Rajapandian, PL Ravishankar, K Vartharajan, ... Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry 6 (3 … , 2016 2016 Citations: 7
Synthesis and characterization of naringin functionalized nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering MPB Rajula, V Narayanan, GD Venkatasubbu, D Prema, PL Ravishankar, ... Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 15 (Suppl 1), S372-S376 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
