Suhaib Khazaleh
@aau.edu.jo
school of Business
Amman Arab university
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Finance, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, General Business, Management and Accounting
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scopus Publications
Zahra El Shlmani, Haslindar Ibrahim, Muhammad Tahir, and Suhaib Al‐khazaleh
Wiley
AbstractExisting research often highlights the impact of several categories of corporate enforcement action on corporate performance, thus overlooking the impossibility of isolating the impacts of other concurrent enforcement actions. The current study employed the gross value and volume of corporate enforcement actions to examine the influence of corporate moral hazard (CMH) on environmental, social, and governance performance (ESGP) along with ownership dynamics. The S&P data from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed, covering 1925 observations of US multinational corporations (MNCs) based on various aspects of corporate governance (CG). Institutional, insider, and family ownership were applied as proxies for ownership structure. CSRHub ratings represented ESGP, while Sustainalytics ratings were used for robustness. The analysis involved various econometric models, including the feasible generalized least squares model (FGLSM). Resultantly, CMH negatively affected ESGP, whereas CG mechanisms revealed a positive influence. Contrary to existing literature, the size of corporate law cases is a stronger proxy for CMH than the amount of enforcement actions. Although institutional owners decrease the number of enforcement actions, they encounter substantial penalties. Above‐average insiders reduce lawsuits and exert significant control over penalties, while below‐average insiders result in heavier penalties and lawsuits to an extent. Families are the most positively influential owners; having more family owners increases penalties and ESGP but reduces lawsuit size, particularly when ownership exceeds the mean percentage.
Younis Mohammad Salameh Al Khaza'leh
Elite Scientific Forum
This study examines the development of global foreign direct investment (FDI) flows and assesses the share and impact of FDI on developing and Arab countries. It explores how economic transformation, privatization programs, adoption of market economies, openness to foreign investments, and the emergence of regional economic blocs have influenced FDI flows. The research involves a comprehensive review of literature and analysis of statistical data regarding FDI trends, particularly focusing on developing and Arab countries. Findings indicate that despite significant increases in global FDI flows in recent years, developing countries receive less than a third of these investments, with considerable disparities among different regions and countries. The Arab region, in particular, attracts a minimal share of global FDI, not exceeding 1.5% at best, despite efforts to offer incentives and tax exemptions. Inter-Arab investments are also weak due to unfavorable investment climates. However, FDI in developing countries positively affects technology transfer, human capital development, and contributes more to economic development than local investments. The study highlights the need for developing and Arab countries to improve their investment climates to attract more FDI and to leverage the benefits associated with it for economic transformation. This paper provides valuable insights into the role of FDI in the economic transformation of developing and Arab countries, emphasizing the specific challenges and opportunities in these regions. Future research should focus on strategies to enhance the attractiveness of developing and Arab countries to FDI, including policy reforms, improving political and economic stability, and fostering regional cooperation.
Suhaib Mohammed Sulaiman Alkhazaleh
Asian Economic and Social Society
This study examines the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance using empirical data on non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) in Jordan. The study employed a cross-sectional dependency test, the Levin–Lin–Chu panel data regression test, the Im–Pesaran test (CIPS), panel causality test, Pedroni regression analysis, generalized method of moments (GMM), and pooled mean formula. The sample consisted of 80 NBFIs listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). Four-panel unit root tests show that ownership concentration dynamics are robust at the first variance, and the Pedroni panel cointegration results demonstrate a long-run link between ownership concentration processes and corporate value. Similarly, research using GMM and pooled mean group (PMG) approaches reveals that ownership concentration procedures have a major impact on firm performance, as evaluated by Tobin’s Q. The study also reveals that government ownership boosts the profitability of NBFIs, contradicting previous research that suggests a strong inverse relationship between government ownership and NBFI efficiency. Conversely, the results of this study are not consistent with those of other studies which found a significant negative correlation between the efficiency of NBFIs and government ownership.
Omar Al-Kasasbeh, Suhaib Mohammed Al-Khazaleh, and Ghaith Alsheikh
EconJournals
Middle Eastern countries have prioritized energy efficiency in their policy, regarding the adverse environmental consequences of relying heavily on fossil fuels. Over time, their reliance on fossil fuels for energy generation and imports has resulted in a continual rise in greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, Middle Eastern countries possess considerable capacity for renewable energy resources that can be utilized without causing harm to the environment. This study empirically examines the effect of green finance, environmental sustainability, and fin-tech on energy efficiency using panel data from 2012 to 2023 in Middle Eastern countries: Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. The study achieved its aims by employing a range of econometric methodologies. The CIPS and IPS procedures are employed to analyze unit root attributes, while the panel cointegration methodology of Westerlund (2007) is used to examine cointegration. The results indicate that there is cointegration among the variables that were analyzed. The outcomes provide helpful knowledge regarding the development of energy efficiency in Middle Eastern countries.
Suhaib Al-Khazaleh, Dr Nemer Badwan, Ibrahim Eriqat, and Zahra El Shlmani
Emerald
Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the linkage between stock markets in Middle Eastern countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic by using daily and monthly data sets for the period from 2011 to 2021. Design/methodology/approach The multivariate BEKK-GARCH model was computed to evaluate the existence of non-linear linkage among Middle Eastern stock markets. A correlation approach was used in this study to determine the type of linear connectivity between Middle Eastern stock markets. The study used monthly and daily data sets covering the years 2011 to 2021 to investigate the linkage between stock returns and the volatility spillover between the stock markets in Palestine, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, both before and during COVID-19. To understand the types of relationships between markets before and during COVID-19, the daily data set was split into two periods. Findings Results from the pre-COVID-19 suggest that the Syria stock market is not related to any stock market in the Middle East markets; the Palestine and Lebanon stock markets exhibit a weak relationship, but Jordan and Palestine stock markets are strongly linked. Conversely, results from COVID-19 evince a very strong bidirectional volatility spillover between Middle East stock markets. Overall, the results indicate the existence of increased linkage during the COVID-19. Research limitations/implications The data collection on a daily and monthly basis, both before and during COVID-19, presents certain limitations for the paper. Another limitation is that the data cannot be generalized to all other Middle Eastern countries; rather, the conclusions drawn can only be applied to these four countries. This is especially true if the scholars collected most of the necessary data but were unable to obtain certain data for various reasons. Practical implications These findings have implications for risk management, market regulation and the growth of local stock markets. Facilitating the growth of smaller, more specialized markets to improve integration with other Middle Eastern markets is one of the goals of the domestic stock market development policy. To ensure financial stability, Middle Eastern stock market linking policies should consider spillover risk and take steps to minimize it. Enhancing the range of investment opportunities accessible to shareholders and functioning as confidential risk-sharing mechanisms to facilitate improved risk management in Middle Eastern stock markets will not only significantly influence the mobilization of private capital to promote investment and local economic growth but also lay groundwork for integrated market platforms. Originality/value This paper adds to the body of literature by demonstrating the nature of the connections between these small markets and the larger markets in the Middle East region. Information from the smaller markets provides institutional insights that enhance the body of existing research, guide the formulation of evidence-based policies and advance financial literacy in these markets. This study contributes by comparing data from different stock markets to better understand the type and strength of the link and relationship between Middle Eastern stock markets, as well as any underlying or reinforcing factors that might have contributed to the relationship and the specific types of links that these markets shared prior and during COVID-19.
f F, f F, and
People and Global Business Association
Purpose: The paper aims to investigate the impact of corporate and country-level governance mechanisms on the firm's disclosure quality.Design/methodology/approach: The paper employs a panel dataset comprising 96 financial institutions listed on the stock markets of four countries in the MENA region: Palestine, Jordan, Kuwait, and Qatar. This dataset spans five years, from 2016 to 2020. Data primarily originate from the annual reports of these institutions and are subjected to analysis through pooled OLS, fixed effect (FE), and random effect (RE) methodologies.Findings: The main findings of this study reveal that corporate governance (CG) factors, including board size, board meetings, and audit committee size, have a positive impact on disclosure quality. Additionally, concerning country-level governance, the role of law positively influences disclosure quality, whereas political stability and corruption negatively influence disclosure quality.Research limitations/implications: This study's main limitations are missing data, especially regarding the audit committee information, and the lack of a database covering the firms in the MENA region. The findings can help managers, policymakers, and other stakeholders enhance the firm's disclosure by adopting good corporate and country- level governance practices.Originality/value: The study develops a disclosure quality index that examines various disclosure requirements attributes, encompassing financial and non-financial disclosure aspects. Such an index adds value to prior research on disclosure quality. Additionally, this study expands the scope of previous research by incorporating wide aspects of CG attributes and investigating the role of country-level governance.