Effect of increased protein intake before pre‑event on muscle fatigue development and recovery in female athletes Taghread Ahmed Elsayed Ahmed, Heba Ali Ibrahim Seleem, Ghada Mohamed Youssef Elsayed, Marwa Ahmed Fadl Kholif, Rania Mohammed Abduljawad, Nour Taha Ebrahem Housen, Naglaa Mohamed Roby Sofy, Hager Abdel Hady Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 2025 Background: Protein plays a vital role in facilitating muscle growth and also plays an important part in the optimal repair and recovery of the muscle after exercise. These benefits are achieved by consuming higher-protein diets. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of increased protein intake before the pre-event on muscle fatigue (MF) and ascertain if the increased protein intake before the pre-event contributes to improving recovery in female athletes. Materials and Methods: The experimental study was conducted at the Sports Academy for Basketball in Zagazig, Egypt, from July 2 to August 12, 2023. The study was conducted on 20 female basketball players (age: 16.65 ± 0.47 years; body height: 165.42 ± 3.09 cm; body mass: 59.68 ± 3.63 kg; training age: 2.44 ± 0.56 years). They were divided into two equally sized groups: The group with higher protein intake before the pre-event (HPP) and the group with normal protein intake before the pre-event (NPP) group. Both groups consumed the same dosage of protein (1.2 g/kg/day) as instructed (American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendation). Both groups performed the same training protocol, three times a week, over 6 weeks. All variables were assessed one week before the experimental program and after the 6-week training period. Data were collected using the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) to assess fatigue index (FI) and peak power (PP), and the Anaerobic Power Step Test to assess anaerobic capacity (AC). Moreover, changes in heart rate (HRC) to assess the recovery. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software with the descriptive statistical test. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The results showed that both groups made significant improvements in all variables (FI-PP-AC-HRC), but the HPP group had significantly greater improvements than the NPP group. The percentage of improvement ranged from 7% to 27% for the HPP group, versus 3% to 15% for the NPP group. Conclusion: The major conclusion drawn from this study was that increased protein intake before the pre-event has a positive impact on reducing MF development and enhancing recovery in female athletes.
Promoting students’ health awareness and higher order thinking skills using E‑projects strategy in learning physical and health education TaghreadAhmed Elsayed Ahmed, HebaAli Ibrahim Seleem, GhadaMohamed Youssef Elsayed, NourTaha Ebrahem Housen, Mona Abdelmoneim, Nagla Eltanahi, NaglaaMohamed Roby Sofy, SaraNashat Housny Elshltawy Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 2023 BACKGROUND: Health awareness and higher-order thinking skills have become important requirements for higher education students because these skills make students effective problem-solvers. So, this study aimed to promote students’ health awareness and higher-order thinking skills through the E-projects strategy in learning physical and health education. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experimental study was conducted at Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, KSA, from September 5 to December 23, 2021. The study was conducted on 250 students (age: 18.23 ± 0.66 years). They were divided into 10 groups each group prepared a different E-project according to the intended learning outcomes of the physical and health education course. To collect data, two scales were designed, the first to measure health awareness and the second to measure higher-order thinking skills. Moreover, the ADDIE model was used during the implementation of the E-projects strategy in learning. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between pre and post-measurement in all studied variables in favor of post-tests for the experimental group, as the mean differences in health awareness were (29.33) and ranged from (8.63: 10.01) in higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), the percentages of improvement for health awareness was 14.66%. While the rates of improvement in the higher-order thinking skills ranged between 26.28% to 48.78%. CONCLUSION: The major conclusion drawn from this study was that the application of the E-projects strategy in learning physical and health education using the ADDIE model significantly influences the improvement of students’ health awareness and higher-order thinking skills in higher education.
Online learning basketball using social media to enhance learners' performance of some fundamental skills T. Ahmed, H. Seleem, G. Elsayed, Nour Taha Ebrahem Housen, Naglaa Mohamed Roby Sofy, Sara Nashat Housny Elshltawy Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 2023 BACKGROUND: Online learning is the newest and most popular form of distance education today; within the past decade it has had a major impact on education. The aim of the present study was to know the effect of online learning basketball using social media on learners' performance of some fundamental skills in basketball and determine difference between online learning and in-person learning, knowing which one is better than the other. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present experimental study was conducted in Sports Academy for Basketball in Zagazig-Egypt during March–April 2022. Thirty two female junior basketball players volunteered to participate in the study from Sports Academy for Basketball (age: 16.23 ± 0.66 years; body height: 164.5 ± 3.32 cm; body mass: 65.25 ± 3.22 kg). They were divided into two equally sized experimental groups, online learning (ONL) group (n = 16) and in-person learning (INL) group (n = 16), to perform (15) educational sessions for (5) weeks, (3) sessions per week, and the session time was 90 minutes. Junior basketball players were assessed before and after five-week training period. Data were collected by Basketball Passing test, Dribbling Skill test, Lay Up Shoot test, Speed Spot Shooting, and Free-Throw Shooting test. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software using the descriptive statistical test. The level of significance was set at P ≤0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that the two groups made significant improvements in all variables but INL group had significantly greater improvements than ONL group. The percentage of improvement ranged from 13% to 223% for INL group versus 8% to 158% for ONL group. CONCLUSION: We conclude that in-person basketball learning was better than online learning basketball. Therefore, teachers and trainers must rely primarily on in-person learning and not rely on distance learning, especially with regard to learning motor skills, except in emergency cases.
Improving musculoskeletal fitness and the performance enhancement of basketball skills through neuromuscular training program Taghread Ahmed Elsayed Ahmed Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 2015 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of neuromuscular training program (NMTP) on musculoskeletal fitness and performance enhancement for basketball players. Twenty four male basketball players participated in this study and were divided into neuromuscular training group (NMT) or control group (CON). All players trained together as a team where NMT group participated 8 weeks of NMTP three times a week and CON group followed their regular protocol as guided by their coach. Musculoskeletal fitness was evaluated based on muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility. Muscle strength was assessed by measuring grip strength and vertical jump test, muscular endurance was measured by push-up test and sit- up test, and flexibility was assessed using the sit-and-reach test. The basketball skills were assessed by passing test, speed spot shooting test, dribbling test, and defensive skill test. The subjects underwent all of the previously described tests before and after the training program. The results showed that the two groups demonstrated significant improvement, but the greater percentage of change is found in NMT group. The percentage of improvement in musculoskeletal fitness was ranged between 17% to 47% for NMT group versus 5% to 13% for CON, while ranged between 18% to 30% for NMT group versus 10% to 17% for CON group in skills performance. The study demonstrated that there is a significant effect of the NMTP which focused on core stability and lower extremity strength on musculoskeletal fitness and skills performance for young male basketball players.
The effect of upper extremity fatigue on grip strength and passing accuracy in junior basketball players Taghread Ahmed Journal of Human Kinetics, 2013 Fatigue is an unavoidable part of a basketball game, which may affect an athlete’s performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of upper extremity fatigue on grip strength and passing accuracy in basketball, and ascertain if the effects of different fatigue protocols on grip strength and passing accuracy are the same. Twenty-four juniors under 18 years old (age: 16.75 ± 0.62 years; body height: 184.5 ± 3.31 cm; body mass: 77.25 ± 3.22 kg) volunteered to participate in the study, and were divided into two groups. After a warm-up, both groups performed the basketball passing test and grip strength was recorded for each group under three different testing conditions: rest, 70% and 90% exercise intensity. The protocol used for the first group was the chest press, and for the second group the wrist curls. Results show that after the upper extremity fatigue protocol all parameters of the study (grip strength and passing accuracy) showed a significant decrease, and there was no significant difference between both groups regarding grip strength and passing accuracy. The study suggested that in order to avoid upper extremity fatigue, basketball trainers and coaches need to include upper extremity conditioning exercises into their training sessions.
