The Role of Cydonia oblonga, Portulaca oleracea, and Artemisia dracunculus on Hypoxia Mohammad Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Mohammad Eghbali, Zahra Hashemi, Narges Naserirad, Mahbube Shirdel, Melika Rafizadeh, Davood Farzin, Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2023 Background: Hypoxia exists in some malignancies and is a prognostic risk factor contributing to tumor growth and metastasis. Anti-hypoxic compounds may improve this situation and be considered as anti-cancer agents. In previous reports, Cydonia oblonga, Portulaca oleracea, and Artemisia dracunculus showed anti-cancer activities. So, we investigated the anti-hypoxic activities of C. oblonga, P. oleracea, and A. dracunculus to evaluate the possible mechanism of their effectiveness in treating cancer. Methods: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and HPLC analysis were performed on C. oblonga leaves, P. oleracea, and A. dracunculus aerial parts extract. Anti-hypoxic activities were evaluated in asphyctic, haemic, and circulatory hypoxia models. Results: A. dracunculus extract (at 250 mg/kg) significantly improved the survival time compared to the normal saline (P<0.0001) in asphyctic hypoxia, even its effect was significantly better than phenytoin in this dose (P=0.0005). Although the extracts increased the survival time in other doses, their effects were not significant (P>0.05). In haemic hypoxia, the extracts were ineffective at any dose (P>0.05). At 250 mg/kg, P. oleracea and A. dracunculus significantly increased the survival time (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively) in circulatory hypoxia. Their effects were similar to propranolol (P>0.05). Conclusion: The anti-cancer effects of C. oblonga are not dependent on the anti-hypoxic effects. P. oleracea and A. dracunculus have anti-hypoxic effects only in high doses, indicating their extracts’ weak anti-hypoxic ability or the presence of potent anti-hypoxic compounds with low concentrations in them.
Anesthesia and analgesia for common research models of adult mice Siavash Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh, Mohammad Farajli Abbasi, Maedeh Ghasemi, Gholamreza Bayat, Nahid Davoodian, Ehsan Sharif-Paghaleh, Seyedeh Mahsa Poormoosavi, Melika Rafizadeh, Maryam Maleki, Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski, Hossein Kargar Jahromi, Masoomeh Dadkhah, Bahman Khalvati, Tahereh Safari, Mohammad Amin Behmanesh, Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam, Gholamreza Houshmand, Sayyed Alireza Talaei Laboratory Animal Research, 2022 Anesthesia and analgesia are major components of many interventional studies on laboratory animals. However, various studies have shown improper reporting or use of anesthetics/analgesics in research proposals and published articles. In many cases, it seems “anesthesia” and “analgesia” are used interchangeably, while they are referring to two different concepts. Not only this is an unethical practice, but also it may be one of the reasons for the proven suboptimal quality of many animal researches. This is a widespread problem among investigations on various species of animals. However, it could be imagined that it may be more prevalent for the most common species of laboratory animals, such as the laboratory mice. In this review, proper anesthetic/analgesic methods for routine procedures on laboratory mice are discussed. We considered the available literature and critically reviewed their anesthetic/analgesic methods. Detailed dosing and pharmacological information for the relevant drugs are provided and some of the drugs’ side effects are discussed. This paper provides the necessary data for an informed choice of anesthetic/analgesic methods in some routine procedures on laboratory mice.
