Palanivel Velmurugan
@bharathuniv.ac.in
Research Professor
Bharat Institute of Higher Education and Research
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Biomedical Engineering
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
M. Ramadurai, R. Kirubhakaran, S. Chitra, Ali Saheb, M. Suresh, Vinayagam Mohanavel, Palanivel Velmurugan, Subbaiah Suresh Kumar, Arunachalam Chinnathambi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi,et al.
Elsevier BV
Akila Ravindran, Arun Chandra Manivannan, Gunasekaran Sunandha Jeeva Bharathi, Vellaisamy Balasubramanian, Palanivel Velmurugan, Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian, Moorthy Muruganandham, Natarajan Arumugam, Abdulrahman I. Almansour, Raju Suresh Kumar,et al.
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Ramsi Vakayil, Karthikeyan Murugesan, Ashok Gnanasekaran, Anjuna Radhakrishnan, Mehenderkar Ranjith, Pugazhandhi Bakthavatchalam, Palanivel Velmurugan, Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian, Natarajan Arumugam, Abdulrahman I. Almansour,et al.
Elsevier BV
Diwahar Periasamy, Prakalathan Karuppiah, Bharathi Manoharan, Felix Sahayaraj Arockiasamy, Sathish Kannan, Vinayagam Mohanavel, Palanivel Velmurugan, Natarajan Arumugam, Abdulrahman I. Almansour, and Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Abstract The rising demand for thermosetting polymers has resulted in the production of large amounts of industrial waste. Environmental issues due to waste landfills and increased raw material costs for new product development have led to the development of innovative recycling methods. This study focuses on the development of a product (helmet shell) by reinforcing thermosetting polymer waste (TPW) as a filler in a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix. The HDPE and TPW were converted into extrudates using a twin-screw extruder. Then, the extrudate was pelletized to use as raw material for the injection molding machine. The HDPE/TPW composites were fabricated using injection molding. Maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene was employed as a compatibilizer. In the composite, the TPW volume was reinforced at various weight percentages, ranging from 0 to 35 wt%. The mechanical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties of the composites can be enhanced by uniformly dispersing TPW in the HDPE matrix. However, it is difficult to achieve uniform dispersion at higher TPW volumes owing to the agglomeration effect. According to these findings, the mechanical properties were enhanced by up to 30 wt% addition of TPW. The findings suggest that the proposed composite has sufficient mechanical properties to be suitable for the fabrication of helmet shells.
Palanivel Velmurugan, Moorthy Muruganandham, Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian, Vinayagam Mohanavel, Arunachalam Chinnathambi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, and Nagaraj Basavegowda
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Abstract The synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles is currently experiencing substantial development and considerable attention. Plant extracts are commonly used for the biological synthesis of nanoparticles because they contain biologically active constituents. In our present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using an aqueous Illicium verum (Star anise) extract to evaluate their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities. For maximum yields of AgNPs, the extract (2.5 ml), silver ions (500 µM), and pH (8) were shown to be the ideal nanoparticle production parameters. The visual colour shifted from pale brown to dark brown when the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to validate the synthesis of AgNPs. A transmission electron microscope was utilized to evaluate nanoparticles’ physical nature. The presence of silver metal with face-centred cubic symmetry was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups in charge of reducing silver ions (Ag+) and the stability of AgNPs produced using the I. verum aqueous extract. The agar well diffusion method investigated the antibacterial activity of I. verum silver nanoparticles (Iv-AgNPs) against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. At higher doses (100 µg·mL−1), the highest zone of inhibition was observed, and spherical AgNPs demonstrated the antibacterial activity. The I. verum extract and Iv-AgNPs enhanced (70%) their free radical scavenging activity at 500 µg·mL−1 according to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of Iv-AgNPs against the HCT-116 human colon cancer cell line indicated cell inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. Ultimately, the findings of this study indicate that techniques used to produce AgNPs are environmental friendly, cost-effective, harmless, uncomplicated, and can effectively tackle a broad spectrum of medical and nutritional concerns.
Velmurugan Sekar, Jayaraman Narenkumar, Aruliah Rajasekar, Amutha Santhanam, Palanivel Velmurugan, Mohammad Mansoob Khan, and Nagaraj Basavegowda
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Moorthy Muruganandham, Fatimah Oleyan Al-Otibi, Raedah Ibrahim Alharbi, Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian, Anon Chaulagain, Palanivel Velmurugan, and Nagaraj Basavegowda
IOP Publishing
Abstract The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plants has grown in significance recently. The present investigation involved the synthesis of AgNPs utilizing Tabebuia rosea (TR) seeds as a reducing agent. The bioactive potential of the synthesized AgNP was evaluated through antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity assays. The confirmation of the formation of AgNPs was achieved through the utilization of UV–vis spectroscopy. The spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of absorption maxima at 450 nm, which is a distinctive feature of AgNPs. The optimization process for the synthesis of nanoparticles was conducted by varying the pH levels, metal ion (AgNO3), and substrate (Seed extract). The size range of the synthesized nanoparticles was found to be less than 100 nm through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The profile obtained through energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of AgNPs exhibited a characteristic optical absorption peak at approximately 3 keV. Further investigation using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the involvement of O–H stretching in phenolic compounds and O–H and C=O stretching in carboxylic acids forming AgNPs. The results of the antimicrobial activity assay indicate that the bacteria K. pneumonia exhibited the maximum inhibition zone of 20 ± 0.48 mm, followed by E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, and S. aureus at the highest concentration of 100 mg ml−1, respectively. The DPPH assay findings suggest that the maximum concentration of 500 μg ml−1 of AgNPs exhibited a unique scavenging ability, with a value of 80.98%. Additionally, the application of biologically synthesized AgNPs to treated cells resulted in a cytotoxic effect. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 45 μg ml−1 was determined following a 24 h treatment with human fibroblast cells (L929). Using T. rosea seed to produce AgNPs holds promise for their potential application as nano drugs.
Suganthi Nachimuthu, Chinnasamy Thangamani, Nathiya Thiyagarajulu, Kalaiyarasu Thangaraj, Deepak Paramasivam, Subramaniyam Thangavel, Karthik Kannan, Chelliah Parvathiraja, Vibala Bhagavathi Visalakshi, Palanivel Velmurugan,et al.
Elsevier BV
Thandavamoorthy Raja, Fatimah Oleyan Al-Otibi, Raedah Ibrahim Alharbi, Vinayagam Mohanavel, Palanivel Velmurugan, Selvaraj Karthikeyan, Murugan Perumal, and Nagaraj Basavegowda
Elsevier BV
Moorthy Muruganandham, Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian, Palanivel Velmurugan, Subbaiah Suresh Kumar, Natarajan Arumugam, Abdulrahman I. Almansour, Raju Suresh Kumar, Sivakumar Manickam, Cheng Heng Pang, and Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar
Elsevier BV
Sivakumar Subpiramaniyam, Sung-Chul Hong, Pyong-In Yi, Seong-Ho Jang, Jeong-Min Suh, Eun-Sang Jung, Je-Sung Park, Velmurugan Palanivel, Young-Chae Song, Lae-Hyeon Cho,et al.
Elsevier BV
Vidhya Rajalakshmi V., Akilandeswari Ramu, Jayaprakash Chinnappan, Palanivel Velmurugan, Rajiv Pathak, Rami Adel Pashameah, Atif Abdulwahab A. Oyouni, Osama M. Al-Amer, Mohammed I. Alasseiri, Abdullah Hamadi,et al.
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is widespread in all regions, and it disturbs host immune system functioning leading to extreme inflammatory reaction and hyperactivation of the immune response. Kabasura Kudineer (KSK) is preventive medicine against viral infections and a potent immune booster for inflammation-related diseases. We hypothesize that KSK and KSK similar plant compounds, might prevent or control the COVID-19 infection in the human body. 1,207 KSK and KSK similar compounds were listed and screened via the Swiss ADME tool and PAINS Remover; 303 compounds were filtered including active and similar drug compounds. The targets were retrieved from similar drugs of the active compounds of KSK. Finally, 573 genes were listed after several screening steps. Next, network analysis was performed to finalize the potential target gene: construction of protein-protein interaction of 573 genes using STRING, identifying top hub genes in Cytoscape plug-ins (MCODE and cytoHubba). These ten hub genes play a crucial role in the inflammatory response. Target-miRNA interaction was also constructed using the miRNet tool to interpret miRNAs of the target genes and their functions. Functional annotation was done via DAVID to gain a complete insight into the mechanism of the enriched pathways and other diseases related to the given target genes. In Molecular Docking analysis, IL10 attained top rank in Target-miRNA interaction and also the gene formed prominent exchanges with an excellent binding score (> = -8.0) against 19 compounds. Among them, Guggulsterone has an acute affinity score of -8.8 for IL10 and exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Molecular Dynamics simulation study also performed for IL10 and the interacting ligand compounds using GROMACS. Finally, Guggulsterone will be recommended to enhance immunity against several inflammatory diseases, including COVID19.
Arunkumar Priya, Gururajan Anusha, Sundaram Thanigaivel, Alagar Karthick, Vinayagam Mohanavel, Palanivel Velmurugan, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, Manickam Ravichandran, Hesam Kamyab, Irina Mikhailovna Kirpichnikova,et al.
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Moorthy Muruganandham, Fatimah Oleyan Al-Otibi, Raedah Ibrahim Alharbi, Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian, Ramalingam Karthik Raja, Palanivel Velmurugan, and Nagaraj Basavegowda
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Abstract The synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant-based materials has seen a surge in recent years. This study used the Syzygium aromaticum (clove) buds extract as a reducing agent for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Sa-AgNPs). The presence of Sa-AgNPs (440 nm) was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The optimization of nanoparticle production with pH, metal ions, and substrate concentration (clove extract) was studied. The transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that Sa-AgNPs had a size distribution predominantly below the range of 10–100 nm. The investigation of Sa-AgNPs using EDX revealed the presence of an optical absorption silver peak at 3 keV. The involvement of phenolic chemicals and carboxylic acids in stretching O–H, N–O, and C═O bonds, forming Sa-AgNPs has been identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Trichophyton rubrum exhibited a higher inhibition zone of 26 ± 0.48 mm and 21 ± 0.48 mm in antibacterial and antifungal activity, respectively. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl experiment, at a maximum concentration of 500 μg·mL−1, Sa-AgNPs exhibited a scavenging efficiency of 79.98%. Cytotoxicity was observed in the treated cells due to the presence of biologically synthesized Sa-AgNPs. An IC50 value of 48 μg·mL−1 was determined by treating L929 human fibroblast cells.
Thandavamoorthy Raja, Vinayagam Mohanavel, Palanivel Velmurugan, Kaliappan Seeniappan, Durgesh Pratap Singh, Sinouvassane Djearamane, Lai-Hock Tey, Ling Shing Wong, Saminathan Kayarohanam, Sami Al Obaid,et al.
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Abstract It is vital to conduct research on the behaviour of natural fibre composites under cyclic loading in order to have confidence in the mechanical durability. During this study, the fabrication of composite laminates will be carried out by the hybridization effect of natural and synthetic fibres. Quantifying the impact that the SiC filler (10, 20, and 30 g) has when combined with the fibre reinforcement and epoxy matrix (275 g) under cyclic loading circumstances and determining the significant sequence of hybrid composites are the goals of this research. The results of the tensile mode were used to determine the input parameters, and based on the tensile strength of the hybrid composite, 70% of the tensile strength was fixed at 3 Hz frequency as the input for fatigue analysis. The life span was then determined for the hybrid composite. The results of this fatigue test showed that increasing the amount of SiC nanofillers produced a very high potential output for the fatigue test. As a result of increasing the amount of silicon carbide fillers from 10 to 30 g, sample S3 was able to significantly tolerate 65% more life. Failure mode can be identified from scanning electron microscope analysis revealing the major porosity, matrix crack, and laminate bonding strength that causes the failure during fatigue analysis.
Remya Rajan Renuka, Narenkumar Jayaraman, Angeline Julius, Velmurugan Palanivel, Vasudevan Ramachandran, Rajesh Pandian, Umesh Luthra, and Suresh Kumar Subbiah
Springer Nature Singapore
Radjarejesri Shesayar, Amit Agarwal, Syed Noeman Taqui, Yuvaraj Natarajan, Sarvesh Rustagi, Sweety Bharti, Anchal Trehan, Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian, Moorthy Muruganandham, Palanivel Velmurugan,et al.
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Abstract Everything around us is made up of atoms and molecules. The properties of quantum atoms are sought to understand the behavior of a particular object. But with the advent of research, it was discovered that there is a quantity smaller than the molecular size. The nanoscale measures a fraction of a billionth of a meter. The atom of an object measures 0.1 nm. Since atoms are the building blocks of matter, at the nanoscale one can combine these atoms to create new materials. The proposed model displays the properties of these nano-scale elements in modern medical applications. The nano-scale research of matter is fascinating because it is the basic phase in which atoms are held together. Therefore, by manipulating material at this level, one can create many different types of objects. This proposed model calculates the operation requirements and expects the results. Based on the operational requirements, the proposed model provides the suggestions. This will be helpful for the medical researchers to identify the proper medical treatments based on the microbiological requirements.
Moorthy Muruganandham, Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian, Palanivel Velmurugan, Natarajan Arumugam, Abdulrahman I. Almansour, Raju Suresh Kumar, Sakkarapalayam M. Mahalingam, and Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Abstract A feasible alternative to classic chemical synthesis, the phyto-mediated production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing aqueous flower petal extract of Cassia alata as a reducing agent is reported for the first time. Characterization of synthesized AgNPs was carried out using various techniques viz., ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The results of the FTIR research conducted in this study show different bond stretches with varying durations, which can be seen at various faraway points. AgNPs are mainly spherical and vary in size from 20 to 100 nm, according to TEM images. The highest X-ray energy surge, at 3 keV, is visible in the EDX spectrum. The XRD pattern showed that four diffraction peaks could be assigned to the 111, 200, 220, and 311 planes of the face-centered cubic crystalline silver, respectively, at 32.05, 46.27, 55.25, and 57.39°. Optimization of production parameters including pH, metal ion concentration, and substrate concentrations were studied. In addition, the bioactivity was evaluated against Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Mucor sp. using the agar diffusion method. Furthermore, their antioxidant properties were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate assay and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power tests. MTT assay was performed using human fibroblast cell line (L929) to determine the cell viability and cytotoxicity through increased metabolism of the tetrazolium salt.
Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian, Shanmugam Sabarinathan, Moorthy Muruganandham, Palanivel Velmurugan, Natarajan Arumugam, Abdulrahman I. Almansour, Raju Suresh Kumar, and Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Abstract The current research focuses on the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis from the Cassia alata aqueous leaf extract. Various production parameters like pH (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10), metal ion concentration (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mM), and substrate (leaf extract) concentration (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mL) were optimized. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to identify the production by scanning the wavelength from 200 to 800 nm. Visual color change from light green to brown was designated as prior confirmation of the AgNP production. Physical characterization of AgNPs was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the obtained AgNPs show significant antibacterial activity for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sp. Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., and Enterobacter sp. The antioxidant potential was determined by α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl assay and cytotoxicity by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium reduction assay on human lung cancer cell lines (A549). AgNPs confirmed potent antibacterial activity against skin infections, demonstrating their medicinal significance and are therefore crucial for creating a medicinal formulation with antibacterial properties.
Siva Sankar Sana, Ramakrishna Vadde, Sai Kumar Arla, Vijaya Kumar Naidu Boya, Palanivel Velmurugan, Arunachalam Chinnathambi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar, and Vijay Singh Kunwar
Hindawi Limited
Using aqueous leaf extract of Givotia moluccana, we offer a bioreduction technique for phytochemical-mediated production of nanozinc oxide (N-ZnOPs) particles. Phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and proteins were discovered in the water extract. UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (X-RD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are as follows. The UV–visible spectra of synthesized N-ZnOPs revealed absorption peaks at 370 nm. The crystalline nature of ZnO was confirmed by X-RD pattern analyses. Furthermore, TEM pictures demonstrate the creation of hexagonal-shaped N-ZnOPs with diameters ranging from 20 to 50 nm, which is also confirmed by the particle size analyzer, DLS. The synthesized N-ZnOPs displayed antibacterial action as well as photocatalytic destruction of methylene blue (MB) dye, in contrast to gram +ve and gram–ve bacteria. Using the biosynthesis pathway, the current study presents a simple, ecofriendly, and uncomplicated route for the creation of N-ZnOPs. N-ZnOPs are utilized in rubber, paint, coating, and cosmetics. N-ZnOPs are attractive in biological applications due to their biocompatibility, cost, and low toxicity.
P. Velmurugan, A. Kannagi, M. Varsha, and K. Velusamy
CRC Press
A. Vivek Anand, G. Sivaraj, P. Velmurugan, K. Srinivas Rao, Muhammed Anaz Khan, and P. S. Prem Kumar
AIP Publishing
A. Vivek Anand, P. Velmurugan, R. Arvind Singh, S. Jayalakshmi, K. Srinivas Rao, and P. S. Prem Kumar
AIP Publishing