Majid Hassan Khan

@bits-pilani.ac.in

Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering
BITS Pilani Dubai Campus

Majid Hassan Khan


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https://researchid.co/majidhkhan

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Ocean Engineering, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes
15

Scopus Publications

325

Scholar Citations

9

Scholar h-index

7

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY: A REVIEW
    Majid Hassan Khan, Amit Agrawal
    Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing, 2026
    Particle image velocimetry (PIV) as a measurement system has been reviewed in this article. The acceptance of PIV as the utmost quantitative flow measurement technique is located with historical developments of other flow visualization and measurement techniques. Progress in the three major components of PIV, illumination, imaging, and evaluation, is reviewed along with the evolution of PIV for improved spatial and temporal data extraction from the recorded images. We also comment on the sources of uncertainty in the measurements. The article further presents some of the latest developments in three-dimensional measurements and data processing techniques using PIV, such as the recently developed Agrawal decomposition. Finally, some suggestions on assembling a low- cost PIV system are provided.
  • Flow characterization of a submerged inclined impinging pulse jet
    Dnyanesh Mirikar, Abhishek Mishra, Majid Hassan Khan, Amit Agrawal, Harekrishna Yadav
    Physics of Fluids, 2024
    This study investigated flow characteristics associated with a circular pulse-impinging jet on an inclined surface using dye visualization and particle image velocimetry techniques. The experiments are carried out for various pulse frequencies (0.1 < St < 0.9) of the jet, a constant angle of surface inclination (θ = 26°), and fixed surface spacing. The primary objective is to explore the flow dynamics aspect of pulse-inclined impinging jets with respect to the pulse frequency and Reynolds number. The present observation shows that at a certain degree of surface inclination (θ ≈ 28°), the jet momentum drives the entire flow in the downhill direction, which represents the critical angle of inclination. Furthermore, the critical angle of the inclination remains unchanged for both steady and pulse jets. The interaction of the inner and outer shear layers of the jet in the downhill direction highly depends on the pulse frequency, which is indeed triggered by the free jet vortices. In a free jet, the vortex formation and their growth depend on the jet shear layer response (convective acceleration) and the time available for vortex formation (local acceleration). Moreover, the instantaneous jet information reveals that the presence of the growing vortices increases the jet entrainment, and its movement along the surface enhances the mixing (shear stress) between the surrounding and boundary layer fluid. The results show that pulsation at Strouhal Number (St) = 0.44 help develop more coherent and durable vortices impinging on the surface, which is identical to the critical St for free and normal impinging jets. Pulsation near the critical St increases the jet entrainment and mixing between the inner and outer jet shear layers and is responsible for enhancement in the heat transfer rate. The results improve our understanding of heat transfer from pulse-inclined impinging jet and reinforce the existence of a critical St (= 0.44) with an inclined pulsing jet, providing the criteria for maximizing the heat transfer rate.
  • Flow around triangular prisms with varying vertex angle at low Reynolds numbers
    Majid Hassan Khan, Hamid Hassan Khan
    Physics of Fluids, 2024
    The present work investigates the unsteady flow around triangular prisms with vertex angles of 30°,45°,60°, and 90° for shedding Reynolds number between 50 and 150. The numerical simulations of flow around triangular prisms at different vertex angles and Reynolds number has been carried out using the open-source code OpenFOAM. The wake of the prisms in different cases has been examined using instantaneous and time-averaged velocity and vorticity fields. The energy dynamics in the wake are demonstrated using enstrophy. The paper explains the shedding around a prism and reports the differences in the wake due to the different vertex angles of the prisms employed in the present work. Strouhal number and force coefficients have been obtained and compared for different prisms. The coefficient of lift and drag phase plot indicates a higher spread for prisms with larger vertex angles at higher Reynolds number. The shedding frequency has a linear variation with Reynolds numbers for the prisms. The obtained results were compared with earlier works on square cylinders and 45° oriented square cylinder.
  • Separated Flow Around Dragonfly Inspired Corrugated Airfoil at Large Angle of Attack in Freestream Turbulence
    G. S. Biradar, Majid Hassan Khan, Sumit Bankey, Abhishek Mishra, Ganapati Joshi, et al.
    Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2024
  • BIO-INSPIRED CORRUGATED AIRFOIL AERODYNAMICS UNDER EXTERNAL TURBULENCE AT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBERS
    G S Biradar, Majid Hassan Khan, Sumit Bankey, Abhishek Mishra, Ganapati Joshi, et al.
    Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing, 2024
  • Wake characteristics of complex-shaped snow particles: Comparison of numerical simulations with fixed snowflakes to time-resolved particle tracking velocimetry experiments with free-falling analogs
    Giorgia Tagliavini, Majid H. Khan, Mark McCorquodale, Chris Westbrook, Markus Holzner
    Physics of Fluids, 2022
    Experimental and numerical approaches have their own advantages and limitations, in particular, when dealing with complex phenomena such as snow particles falling at moderate Reynolds numbers (Re). Time-resolved, three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (4D-PTV) experiments of free-falling, three-dimensional (3D)-printed snowflakes' analogs shed light on the elaborate falling dynamics of irregular snow particles but present a lower resolution (tracer seeding density) and a limited field of view (domain size) to fully capture the wake flow. Delayed-detached eddy simulations of fixed snow particles do not realistically represent all the physics of a falling ice particle, especially for cases with unsteady falling attitudes, but accurately predict the drag coefficient and capture the wake characteristics for steadily falling snowflakes. In this work, we compare both approaches on time- and space-averaged flow quantities in the snowflake wake. First, we cross validate the two approaches for low Re cases, where close agreement of the wake features is expected, and second, we assess how strongly the unsteady falling motion perturbs the average wake pattern as compared to a fixed particle at higher Re. For steadily falling snowflakes, the fixed-particle model can properly represent the wake flow with errors within the experimental uncertainty (±15%). At moderate/high Re (unsteady falling motion), larger differences are present. Applying a co-moving frame to the experimental data to account for the particle movement or filtering the numerical data on larger grids reduces these differences only to some extent, implying that an unsteady fall significantly alters the average wake structure as compared to a fixed particle model.
  • Experimental investigation of flow around a oriented cube for Reynolds numbers between 500 and 50 000
    Majid Hassan Khan, P. Sooraj, Atul Sharma, Amit Agrawal
    Physical Review Fluids, 2021
  • DRAGONFLY-INSPIRED CORRUGATED FOIL FLIGHT DYNAMICS IN HEAVING MOTION ACROSS VARIOUS HEAVING FREQUENCIES
    Proceedings of the Thermal and Fluids Engineering Summer Conference, 2021
  • Laminar vortex shedding in the wake of a cube
    Majid Hassan Khan, Hamid Hassan Khan, Atul Sharma, Amit Agrawal
    Journal of Fluids Engineering Transactions of the ASME, 2020
    Flow around a cube is numerically studied in the laminar vortex shedding regime. The objective is to examine the three-dimensional vortex shedding mechanism and understand the temporal behavior of the wake. Vortices were identified using λ2 criterion for Re = 250–770. The wake of the cube sheds paired hairpin vortices, which moves in the streamwise direction and attains a constant shape with time. The analysis of separation distance and angular orientation of hairpin vortices for flow around a cube are presented here for the first time in the literature. The separation (d) between the paired hairpin vortices scales as t−1/2. The orientation of hairpin vortices changes with time and attains a near-normal orientation with respect to the axial direction. At Re ≥ 339, the hairpin twists with respect to axial direction losing the axisymmetry in one plane noted for 276 ≤ Re ≤ 300. The hairpin vortices disintegrate into smaller vortices at higher Re = 570 and 770. A quasi-periodic nature of the flow has been revealed by the phase plots. The drag and side forces generated due to the flow are studied with pressure force mostly contributing to the drag. One of the side force coefficients dominates owing to the asymmetry of the wake in one plane and symmetry in the other orthogonal streamwise plane. These results clearly bring out the asymmetric nature of flow in the shedding regime.
  • Effect of superhydrophobicity on the flow past a circular cylinder in various flow regimes
    P. Sooraj, Mallah Santosh Ramagya, Majid Hassan Khan, Atul Sharma, Amit Agrawal
    Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2020
    The flow over a superhydrophobic and a smooth circular cylinder is investigated using particle image velocimetry-based experiments. The objective is to understand the effect of surface modification on the ensuing flow. The experiments are conducted over a wide range of Reynolds numbers, $Re=45{-}15\\,500$, thereby uncovering the effect of superhydrophobicity in various flow regimes of a cylinder wake. Superhydrophobicity is found to substantially affect the flow. An increased recirculation length is observed for the superhydrophobic cylinder in the steady regime. The onset of vortex shedding is delayed for the superhydrophobic cylinder. The superhydrophobic cylinder helps in an early rolling-up of vortices; therefore, the recirculation length reduces in unsteady regimes. The velocity deficit experienced by the superhydrophobic cylinder wake is comparatively less and the effect is more profound in the $Re$ range 300–860. A maximum drag reduction of 15 % is observed at $Re=860$. The Reynolds shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy values are higher for the superhydrophobic cylinder in the unsteady regime. Also, the peaks of the turbulent wake parameters lie closer to the superhydrophobic cylinder compared to the smooth cylinder. The effect of superhydrophobicity on coherent structures is examined using proper orthogonal decomposition, and a considerable difference in the wake structure is noticed at $Re=860$. A larger number of coherent structures and change in vortex shedding pattern to $\\text{P}+\\text{S}$ are observed in the near wake of the superhydrophobic cylinder. The results of this study show that surface modification can reduce the drag coefficient and have a profound effect on the near wake.
  • Simulation of flow around a cube at moderate reynolds numbers using the lattice Boltzmann method
    Majid Hassan Khan, Atul Sharma, Amit Agrawal
    Journal of Fluids Engineering Transactions of the ASME, 2020
  • Wake analysis and regimes for flow around three side-by-side cylinders
    P. Sooraj, Majid Hassan Khan, Atul Sharma, Amit Agrawal
    Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2019
  • Flow around a cube for Reynolds numbers between 500 and 55,000
    Majid Hassan Khan, P. Sooraj, Atul Sharma, Amit Agrawal
    Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2018
  • Thrust generation and wake structure for flow across a pitching airfoil at low Reynolds number
    INTESAAF ASHRAF, AMIT AGRAWAL, MAJID HASSAN KHAN, SOORAJ P, ATUL SRIVASTAVA, et al.
    Sadhana Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences, 2015
  • PIV investigations on the turbulent mixing of two opposing flows inside a scaled chimney model of a research reactor
    Samiran Sengupta, Majid H. Khan, Vijay K. Veluri, P.K. Vijayan, Amit Agrawal, et al.
    Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2015

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Stabilization of Freely-falling Disks using Bristle Brushes
    DS Shah, S Khurana, MH Khan
    International Conference on Fluid and Thermal Engineering (ICFTE 2026), BITS … , 2026
    2026
  • Starting Flow and Its Sustenance Due to a Flapping Plate in a Quiescent Fluid
    A Parimelalagan, S Chowdhury, MH Khan
    International Conference on Thermal Sciences and Sustainable Energy (ICTSE … , 2026
    2026
  • Drag reduction using multiple bluff body arrangements
    A Parimelalagan, MH Khan
    International Conference on Sustainable Technologies and Advanced Research … , 2025
    2025
  • Effect of outlet location on wind-driven cross ventilation for a simplified standalone building
    SA Kausar, NK Shrivastava, MH Khan
    International Conference on Sustainable Technologies and Advanced Research … , 2025
    2025
  • Bio-Inspired V-Formations for Low-Speed Micro Aerial Vehicles
    A Parimelalagan*, MH Khan
    1st Symposium on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (STAM 2025), Abu Dhabi, UAE , 2025
    2025
  • Particle Image Velocimetry: A Review
    MH Khan, A Agrawal
    Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing , 2025
    2025
  • Evaluating RF Data Transmission for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles for a Biomimicry Fish
    Prathamesh Bheemanathi, Mitrang Gupta, Majid Hassan Khan, Nilesh Goel and ...
    3rd International Conference on Modelling, Simulation & Intelligent … , 2024
    2024
  • Flow characterization of a submerged inclined impinging pulse jet
    D Mirikar, A Mishra, MH Khan, A Agrawal, H Yadav
    Physics of Fluids 36 (12) , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 7
  • Flow around triangular prisms with varying vertex angle at low Reynolds numbers
    MH Khan, HH Khan
    Physics of Fluids 36 (10) , 2024
    2024
  • Separated Flow Around Dragonfly Inspired Corrugated Airfoil at Large Angle of Attack in Freestream Turbulence
    GS Biradar, MH Khan, S Bankey, A Mishra, G Joshi, A Agrawal
    Recent Advancements in Mechanical Engineering: Select Proceedings of ICRAME … , 2024
    2024
  • Separated Flow Around Dragonfly Inspired Corrugated Airfoil at Large
    GS Biradar, MH Khan, S Bankey, A Mishra
    Recent Advancements in Mechanical Engineering: Select Proceedings of ICRAME … , 2024
    2024
  • Flow Around a Flat Plate near Stall Angle at a Reynolds Number of 28000
    K Radhakrishnan, MH Khan, S Chowdhury
    International Conference on Complex Analysis and Computational Fluid … , 2024
    2024
  • BIO-INSPIRED CORRUGATED AIRFOIL AERODYNAMICS UNDER EXTERNAL TURBULENCEAT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBERS
    GS Biradar, MH Khan, S Bankey, A Mishra, G Joshi, A Agrawal
    Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 3
  • Effect of Leading-Edge Geometry on Flow around Corrugated Air foils at Low Reynolds Numbers under Free Stream Flow
    AA Parth Patel, Sagar Agle, GS Biradar, Majid H Khan, Ganapati Joshi
    10th International and 50th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid … , 2023
    2023
  • Wake characteristics of complex-shaped snow particles: Comparison of numerical simulations with fixed snowflakes to time-resolved particle tracking velocimetry experiments with …
    G Tagliavini, MH Khan, M McCorquodale, C Westbrook, M Holzner
    Physics of Fluids 34 (5) , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 9
  • Aerodynamic performance of dragonfly inspired corrugated airfoils in freestream turbulence at higher angle of attack
    GS Biradar, MH Khan, S Bankey, A Mishra, G Joshi, A Agrawal
    International Conference on Thermo-Fluids and System Design organised by … , 2022
    2022
  • Separated flow around dragonfly inspired corrugated airfoil at large angle of attack in freestream turbulence
    GS Biradar, MH Khan, S Bankey, A Mishra, G Joshi, A Agrawal
    International Conference on Recent Advancements in Mechanical Engineering … , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 1
  • Fluid dynamics around freely falling ice-particle crystals: An experimental investigation using three- dimensional particle tracking velocimetry
    MH Khan, CD Westbrook, MW McCorquodale
    UK Fluids Conference - (8 Sep 2021 - 10 Sep 2021) , 2021
    2021
  • Investigating the wake of freely falling snow aggregate analogues in a quiescent fluid
    MH Khan, CD Westbrook, MW McCorquodale
    3rd International Summer Snowfall Workshop (31 Aug 2021 - 03 Sep 2021) , 2021
    2021
  • Experimental investigation of flow around a oriented cube for Reynolds numbers between 500 and 50 000
    MH Khan, P Sooraj, A Sharma, A Agrawal
    Physical Review Fluids 6 (7), 074606 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 11

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Sanitization during and after COVID-19 pandemic: a short review
    MH Khan, H Yadav
    Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering 5 (4), 617-627 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 74
  • Flow around a cube for Reynolds numbers between 500 and 55,000
    MH Khan, P Sooraj, A Sharma, A Agrawal
    Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 93, 257-271 , 2018
    2018
    Citations: 61
  • Effect of superhydrophobicity on the flow past a circular cylinder in various flow regimes
    P Sooraj, MS Ramagya, MH Khan, A Sharma, A Agrawal
    Journal of Fluid Mechanics 897, A21 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 55
  • Wake analysis and regimes for flow around three side-by-side cylinders
    P Sooraj, MH Khan, A Sharma, A Agrawal
    Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 104, 76-88 , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 43
  • Thrust generation and wake structure for flow across a pitching airfoil at low Reynolds number
    I Ashraf, A Agrawal, MH Khan, P Sooraj, A Srivastava, A Sharma
    Sadhana 40 (8), 2367-2379 , 2015
    2015
    Citations: 22
  • Simulation of flow around a cube at moderate Reynolds numbers using the lattice Boltzmann method
    MH Khan, A Sharma, A Agrawal
    Journal of Fluids Engineering 142 (1), 011301 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 20
  • Experimental investigation of flow around a oriented cube for Reynolds numbers between 500 and 50 000
    MH Khan, P Sooraj, A Sharma, A Agrawal
    Physical Review Fluids 6 (7), 074606 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 11
  • Wake characteristics of complex-shaped snow particles: Comparison of numerical simulations with fixed snowflakes to time-resolved particle tracking velocimetry experiments with …
    G Tagliavini, MH Khan, M McCorquodale, C Westbrook, M Holzner
    Physics of Fluids 34 (5) , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 9
  • Laminar vortex shedding in the wake of a cube
    MH Khan, HH Khan, A Sharma, A Agrawal
    Journal of Fluids Engineering 142 (11), 111301 , 2020
    2020
    Citations: 9
  • PIV investigations on the turbulent mixing of two opposing flows inside a scaled chimney model of a research reactor
    S Sengupta, MH Khan, VK Veluri, PK Vijayan, A Agrawal, S Bhattacharya
    Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 63, 115-132 , 2015
    2015
    Citations: 9
  • Flow characterization of a submerged inclined impinging pulse jet
    D Mirikar, A Mishra, MH Khan, A Agrawal, H Yadav
    Physics of Fluids 36 (12) , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 7
  • BIO-INSPIRED CORRUGATED AIRFOIL AERODYNAMICS UNDER EXTERNAL TURBULENCEAT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBERS
    GS Biradar, MH Khan, S Bankey, A Mishra, G Joshi, A Agrawal
    Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 3
  • Separated flow around dragonfly inspired corrugated airfoil at large angle of attack in freestream turbulence
    GS Biradar, MH Khan, S Bankey, A Mishra, G Joshi, A Agrawal
    International Conference on Recent Advancements in Mechanical Engineering … , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 1
  • Investigation of Flow Close to the Body of a Swimming Fish
    P Sooraj, MH Khan, I Ashraf, A Sharma, A Agrawal
    Proceedings of the 7th International and 45th National Conference on Fluid … , 2018
    2018
    Citations: 1
  • Stabilization of Freely-falling Disks using Bristle Brushes
    DS Shah, S Khurana, MH Khan
    International Conference on Fluid and Thermal Engineering (ICFTE 2026), BITS … , 2026
    2026
  • Starting Flow and Its Sustenance Due to a Flapping Plate in a Quiescent Fluid
    A Parimelalagan, S Chowdhury, MH Khan
    International Conference on Thermal Sciences and Sustainable Energy (ICTSE … , 2026
    2026
  • Drag reduction using multiple bluff body arrangements
    A Parimelalagan, MH Khan
    International Conference on Sustainable Technologies and Advanced Research … , 2025
    2025
  • Effect of outlet location on wind-driven cross ventilation for a simplified standalone building
    SA Kausar, NK Shrivastava, MH Khan
    International Conference on Sustainable Technologies and Advanced Research … , 2025
    2025
  • Bio-Inspired V-Formations for Low-Speed Micro Aerial Vehicles
    A Parimelalagan*, MH Khan
    1st Symposium on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (STAM 2025), Abu Dhabi, UAE , 2025
    2025
  • Particle Image Velocimetry: A Review
    MH Khan, A Agrawal
    Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing , 2025
    2025