Building and Construction, Atmospheric Science, Urban Studies, Architecture
115
Scopus Publications
8148
Scholar Citations
37
Scholar h-index
79
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Heat Stress Prediction in Glasgow: Integration of Historical Data With Machine Learning Models Newsha Modjrian, Rohinton Emmanuel, Henrikki Tenkanen Transactions in GIS, 2026 Urban heat stress is intensifying because of climate change, particularly in densely constructed areas where urban morphology significantly affects thermal conditions. This research examines how vegetation and built form influence heat stress in Glasgow by integrating historical geospatial data, Artificial Neural Network (ANN)‐based temperature prediction, and ENVI‐met microclimate simulations across multiple greening scenarios applied to vacant and derelict land. ANN notably outperformed Generalized Linear Regression in predicting Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT), reflecting the greater sensitivity of MRT to fine‐scale radiative and geometric processes. Essential predictors included Normalized Difference Vegetation and Built‐up Index, Sky View Factor, and Building Surface Fraction. Scenario‐based greening simulations showed that 100% vegetation on vacant lands significantly reduces local thermal conditions, with LST decreasing by 8.7°C and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) by 3.3 K. In contrast, full conversion to built‐up surfaces increases LST by 1.2°C and raises UTCI by up to 6 K. Despite these pronounced local effects, the net cooling impact at the citywide scale remains limited. Results highlight the necessity of site‐specific greening strategies and high‐resolution environmental data to enhance predictive precision and support the development of resilient, thermally adaptive urban environments.
Urban morphology-energy consumption nexus: A multi-criteria weather vulnerability analysis model for city planning Shammi Akter Keya, Rohinton Emmanuel, Antti Haapala, Timo Pakarinen, Jouni Pykäläinen Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 2025 The construction sector, particularly buildings, significantly contributes to global energy consumption and carbon emissions. Despite efforts to mitigate environmental impacts, the sector remains poorly prepared for climate change and external shocks. This study proposes a spatial modeling-based framework to assess cities’ energy vulnerability, focusing on building- and neighborhood-scale interventions for climate-resilient construction. Methodologically, the study integrates geographical information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to develop a novel Weather Vulnerability Index (WVI), which is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept in the City of Joensuu, Eastern Finland. While GIS–MCDA integration has been used earlier, this study advances its application by adapting it to weather-driven urban energy vulnerability and operationalizing IPCC’s vulnerability assessment framework in a dual-scale approach. The WVI employs openly accessible datasets and a flexible structure that accommodates contextually relevant variables, while ensuring adaptability across diverse urban settings. It is particularly effective for small- and mid-sized cities, where adaptable and data-efficient tools remain scarce. The WVI classifies neighborhoods based on their vulnerability to high energy consumption and supports targeted interventions, such as retrofits and greening, offering decision-makers a transparent and transferable tool for advancing sustainable and climate-resilient urban development. • GIS and MCDA Integration : Combines GIS and MCDA to assess urban energy vulnerability, providing a robust decision-making framework. • Weather Vulnerability Index (WVI) : Demonstrates the use of WVI in a case city to identify areas at risk of energy overconsumption. • Urban Resilience and Efficiency : Enhances short-term energy efficiency and long-term resilience through early-stage and case-specific renovation strategies and natural solutions
High-rise building density optimization for air quality improvement and investment potential Malithie Vidanapathirana, Narein Perera, Rohinton Emmanuel, Shaleeni Coorey Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 2025 PurposeAir pollution and air quality are key environmental factors that impact an investor’s willingness to pay (WTP) and are negatively correlated. Hedonic pricing quantifies the relationship between air pollutants and property values but is a backward-looking tool. Similarly, limited research links investment potential to urban planning and air pollution. This research aims to predict variation in investor WTP due to air pollution concentrations within a high-dense high-rise building cluster.Design/methodology/approachPossible building configurations of Port City, Colombo, were modelled using Ansys Fluent. While maintaining the same Floor Area Ratio (FAR), building heights and volumes, the density of towers is changed by introducing wind corridors to enable pollutant dispersion. A trace pollutant is used as a comparative study to determine the effect of each building form on pollution concentration and potential WTP.FindingsThe introduction of wind corridors along the ambient wind direction increased building porosity, positively affecting WTP overall. Wind corridors perpendicular to the ambient wind reduced porosity, which reduced dispersion at upper levels, negatively affecting WTP.Research limitations/implicationsWTP is site-specific, and due to limited data for property values and volatility, the study was limited to a comparison study.Practical implicationsVarying building configurations affect pollutant dispersion at different heights. The findings of the study can refine investments based on air quality and natural ventilation requirements.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils a need to determine investment potential and air quality.
A Portable Non-Motorized Smart IoT Weather Station Platform for Urban Thermal Comfort Studies Raju Sethupatu Bala, Salaheddin Hosseinzadeh, Farhad Sadeghineko, Craig Scott Thomson, Rohinton Emmanuel Future Internet, 2025 Smart cities are widely regarded as a promising solution to urbanization challenges; however, environmental aspects such as outdoor thermal comfort and urban heat island are often less addressed than social and economic dimensions of sustainability. To address this gap, we developed and evaluated an affordable, scalable, and cost-effective weather station platform, consisting of a centralized server and portable edge devices to facilitate urban heat island and outdoor thermal comfort studies. This edge device is designed in accordance with the ISO 7726 (1998) standards and further enhanced with a positioning system. The device can regularly log parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature, wind speed, and geographical coordinates. Strategic selection of components allowed for a low-cost device that can perform data manipulation, pre-processing, store the data, and exchange data with a centralized server via the internet. The centralized server facilitates scalability, processing, storage, and live monitoring of data acquisition processes. The edge devices’ electrical and shielding design was evaluated against a commercial weather station, showing Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Square Error values of 0.1 and 0.33, respectively, for air temperature. Further, empirical test campaigns were conducted under two scenarios: “stop-and-go” and “on-the-move”. These tests provided an insight into transition and response times required for urban heat island and thermal comfort studies, and evaluated the platform’s overall performance, validating it for nuanced human-scale thermal comfort, urban heat island, and bio-meteorological studies.
Planning for a Warmer Future: Heat Risk Assessment and Mitigation in Lahti, Finland Ankur Negi, Rohinton Emmanuel, Eeva Aarrevaara Atmosphere, 2025 With global climate change causing temperature increases, even cooler regions like Finland are facing increasing heat risks. The city of Lahti is expected to experience a higher-than-average temperature increase, making heat risk mitigation essential. This study aims to assess present and future heat risks in Lahti using exposure and social vulnerability indicators to identify heat risk hotspots and provide strategies for mitigation within the city’s urban planning framework. The method utilizes a combination of Land Surface Temperature (LST) data (2014–2024), climate projections, and microclimate analysis to identify heat risk in the city. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and ENVI-met modeling were employed to assess the relationship between land surface temperatures (LST), urban structure, and green infrastructure. Risk assessments were conducted using social and environmental vulnerability indicators, and future projections were based on a combined SSP2-4.5 scenario. The results show a significant increase in high-risk areas by 2040, rising from 9.79% to 23.65% of Lahti’s core urban area. Although the current urban planning framework of the city (Masterplan 2035) is effective in terms of maintaining exposure levels, the continued increase in projected air temperatures, as modeled based on outputs of the EC-Earth3-veg GCM, remains a concern. Microclimate modeling confirmed that urban greenery significantly reduces heat stress and improves thermal comfort. To address future heat risks, Lahti must integrate more green infrastructure into its urban design and identify seasonal heat mitigation methodologies. Additionally, the findings emphasize the need for adaptive planning strategies to mitigate rising temperatures and ensure urban resilience.
A climate-sensitive tropical urbanism under extreme heat† Rohinton Emmanuel Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 2025 Tropical urban dwellers face twin climate challenges that impinge on their quality of life: climate overheating and the urban heat island (UHI). The latter superimposed on the former to lead to high levels of thermal discomfort, carbon and energy consequences. Climate‐sensitive solutions are urgently needed in tropical cities at urban level as opposed to the current approach of cooling one building at a time. Climate sensitive building design in the tropics typically focuses on ‘linking of in and out,’ with porous building skin. The climate challenge is increasingly making contemporary design to sever this link, leading not only to energy intensive solutions, but also to the transfer of the problem to the public realm with its attendant urban climate consequences. What form should climate sensitive cities take in the tropics? Past approaches alone may not hold all the answers for the contemporary climate challenge. This paper argues for a new tropical urbanism that is based on four pillars: (i) urban design – centred on shading and ventilation; (ii) urban planning – street‐centred quality‐of‐life approach to land use; (iii) urban politics – heat disaster risk resilience planning; and (iv) urban culture – approaches to ‘coolth’ as a wellbeing issue.
A systematic review of the secondary market aspects of electrified vehicles Bettina Arnegger, Michael Hoffmann, Rohinton Emmanuel, Craig Thomson, Colin Hughes International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management, 2025 In response to the market shift towards electric mobility, this paper presents a systematic literature review of the secondary market aspects of electrified vehicles. Following PRISMA guidelines, a search across 11 databases yielded 4,120 records. After removing duplicates, 4,006 unique articles were screened, with 14 assessed in full text. Including additional grey literature, 12 contributions were included in the final sample. This research organises the aspects of the secondary market by categorising them according to the market forces concept. Key issues impacting consumers include resale value, range anxiety, and confidence in refurbished EVs. For trade and industry, it highlights the critical role of battery state-of-health and Tesla's direct-to-consumer model. For government behaviour, it discusses import/ export challenges and emphasises robust end-of-life management. It also explores the role of public procurement in adding used EVs to the market. This paper provides a foundational reference for future research and framing of the secondary EV market.
Random neural network learning heuristics Abbas Javed, Hadi Larijani, Ali Ahmadinia, Rohinton Emmanuel Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences, 2017
Disentangling the influences of atmospheric stability and urban form on local cooling in a high latitude city: Evidence from Glasgow Proceedings of 33rd PLEA International Conference Design to Thrive PLEA 2017, 2017
Sensitivity analysis of 'Local Climate Zone' based urban morphology parameters for outdoor thermal comfort in the tropics Proceedings of 33rd PLEA International Conference Design to Thrive PLEA 2017, 2017
Colour as a psychological agent to manipulate perceived indoor thermal environment for low energy design; cases implemented in Sri Lanka Proceedings of 33rd PLEA International Conference Design to Thrive PLEA 2017, 2017
Enhancing outdoor shading without diminishing indoor daylight integration: Simulations from Colombo, Sri Lanka Proceedings of 33rd PLEA International Conference Design to Thrive PLEA 2017, 2017
Comparison of the robustness of RNN, MPC and ANN controller for residential heating system Abbas Javed, Hadi Larijani, Ali Ahmadinia, Rohinton Emmanuel Proceedings 4th IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Cloud Computing Bdcloud 2014 with the 7th IEEE International Conference on Social Computing and Networking Socialcom 2014 and the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Communications Sustaincom 2014, 2014
Planning for Resilience Sue Roaf, Branka Dimitrijević, Rohinton Emmanuel Green Energy and Technology, 2013
The built environment as the key agent for change in the scottish context Cesb 2013 Prague Central Europe Towards Sustainable Building 2013 Sustainable Building and Refurbishment for Next Generations, 2013
Comparison of outdoor comfort field data against calculations of the thermal indices PMV and PET Proceedings of 7th Windsor Conference the Changing Context of Comfort in an Unpredictable World, 2012
Predicting outdoor thermal sensation from two field studies in Curitiba, Brazil and Glasgow, UK using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) Proceedings of 7th Windsor Conference the Changing Context of Comfort in an Unpredictable World, 2012
Linking the 'in' and 'out:' new comfort goals for the rapidly urbanising equatorial tropical megacities in a changing climate Proceedings of Conference Adapting to Change New Thinking on Comfort Windsor 2010, 2010
Developing holistic frameworks for the next generation of sustainability assessment methods for the built environment Association of Researchers in Construction Management Arcom 2010 Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference, 2010
Creating the conditions that facilitate the development of equitable, low carbon communities in Scotland Association of Researchers in Construction Management Arcom 2010 Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference, 2010
Guest editorial Rohinton Emmanuel, Craig Thomson, Malcolm Horner, Andrew Price Journal of Urbanism, 2010
Mapping knowledge during sustainability assessment within a PPP school project Association of Researchers in Construction Management Arcom 2009 Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference, 2009
Human comfort, urban climate change and energy use: Assessing adaptation options for the rapidly growing tropical mega-cities Sun Wind and Architecture the Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture PLEA 2007, 2007
Heat Stress Prediction in Glasgow: Integration of Historical Data With Machine Learning Models N Modjrian, R Emmanuel, H Tenkanen Transactions in GIS 30 (2), e70265 , 2026 2026
A climate‐sensitive tropical urbanism under extreme heat † R Emmanuel Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography , 2025 2025
Outdoor Thermal Comfort, Energy Efficiency Strategies, and Urban Form MS Fontana, J Dueñas, R Emmanuel, HL Moreno, E Giancola Construction, Energy, Environment and Sustainability: Proceedings of CEES … , 2025 2025
Urban morphology-energy consumption nexus: A multi-criteria weather vulnerability analysis model for city planning SA Keya, R Emmanuel, A Haapala, T Pakarinen, J Pykäläinen Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 100366 , 2025 2025
Modelling the Outdoor Thermal Benefit of Urban Trees: A Case Study in Lecce, Italy F Giangrande, G Pappaccogli, R Cesari, A Esposito, R Emmanuel, ... Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings 34 (1), 8 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Heat risk in the city of São Paulo: Interactions between SUHI and social inequality LS Muñoz, DHS Duarte, R Emmanuel Urban Climate 63, 102568 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Dataset for Urban Morphology-Energy Consumption Nexus: Supporting Multi-Criteria Weather Vulnerability Analysis for City Planning SA Keya, J Pykäläinen, R Emmanuel, A Haapala 2025
Analyzing Madrid’s Microclimate: Exploring the Interaction Between Outdoor Thermal Comfort, Energy Efficiency Strategies, and Urban Form M Soledad Fontana, J Dueñas, R Emmanuel, HL Moreno, E Giancola International Conference on Construction, Energy, Environment and … , 2025 2025
High-rise building density optimization for air quality improvement and investment potential M Vidanapathirana, N Perera, R Emmanuel, S Coorey Built Environment Project and Asset Management 15 (3), 467-482 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Affordable and portable non-motorised IoT smart weather observation device for outdoor urban microclimate and thermal comfort studies RS Bala, S Hosseinzadeh, F Sadeghineko, C Thomson, R Emmanuel ICUC12 , 2025 2025
Heat risk in the city of São Paulo: A portrait of environmental and socioeconomic inequalities LS Muñoz, D Duarte, R Emmanuel ICUC12 , 2025 2025
Educating the next generation of thought leaders for urban climate and sustainability: lessons from an Erasmus Mundus Joint Master (EMJM) Action R Emmanuel, E Aarrevaara, P Carroll, A Maksheeva, JA Duenas, ... ICUC12 , 2025 2025
Assessing the Role of Landuse Landcover Transition Factors to Mitigate Heat Risk: A Study on Urban Area of Dhaka North City M Jalal, R Emmanuel ICUC12 , 2025 2025
A Contribution to Microclimatic Zone Classification (MCZ) RS Bala, F Sadeghineko, R Emmanuel, S Hosseinzadeh, C Thomson ICUC12 , 2025 2025
A Portable Non-Motorized Smart IoT Weather Station Platform for Urban Thermal Comfort Studies R Sethupatu Bala, S Hosseinzadeh, F Sadeghineko, CS Thomson, ... Future Internet 17 (5), 222 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Planning for a Warmer Future: Heat Risk Assessment and Mitigation in Lahti, Finland A Negi, R Emmanuel, E Aarrevaara Atmosphere 16 (2), 146 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
A systematic review of the secondary market aspects of electrified vehicles B Arnegger, M Hoffmann, R Emmanuel, C Thomson, C Hughes International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management 25 (1), 1-15 , 2025 2025
Nature-Based Solutions Planning for Urban Microclimate Improvement and Health: An Integrated Ecological and Economic Approach T Semeraro, A Calisi, J Hang, R Emmanuel, R Buccolieri Land 13 (12), 2143 , 2024 2024 Citations: 9
A case history of co-design and co-deployment of a nature-based solution (NbS) against erosion and slope instability SB Mickovski, A Gonzalez-Ollauri, A Sorolla, A Löchner, R Emmanuel Ecological Engineering 209, 107406 , 2024 2024 Citations: 11
Sustainable Urban Heat Risk Resilience: Lessons on Opportunities and Barriers to Action from Colombo, Sri Lanka S Simath, R Emmanuel, E Aarrevaara Sustainability 16 (21), 9488 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Instruments and methods in outdoor thermal comfort studies–The need for standardization E Johansson, S Thorsson, R Emmanuel, E Krüger Urban climate 10, 346-366 , 2014 2014 Citations: 640
The influence of urban design on outdoor thermal comfort in the hot, humid city of Colombo, Sri Lanka E Johansson, R Emmanuel International journal of biometeorology 51 (2), 119-133 , 2006 2006 Citations: 631
Urban shading—a design option for the tropics? A study in Colombo, Sri Lanka R Emmanuel, H Rosenlund, E Johansson International Journal of Climatology 27 (14), 1995-2004 , 2007 2007 Citations: 477
An urban approach to climate sensitive design: strategies for the tropics R Emmanuel Taylor & Francis , 2005 2005 Citations: 457
Climate and more sustainable cities: Climate information for improved planning and management of cities (producers/capabilities perspective) CSB Grimmond, M Roth, TR Oke, YC Au, M Best, R Betts, G Carmichael, ... Procedia Environmental Sciences 1, 247-274 , 2010 2010 Citations: 432
Thermal comfort implications of urbanization in a warm-humid city: the Colombo Metropolitan Region (CMR), Sri Lanka R Emmanuel Building and environment 40 (12), 1591-1601 , 2005 2005 Citations: 371
Green infrastructure as an adaptation approach to tackling urban overheating in the Glasgow Clyde Valley Region, UK R Emmanuel, A Loconsole Landscape and Urban Planning 138, 71-86 , 2015 2015 Citations: 317
Urban heat island and its impact on climate change resilience in a shrinking city: The case of Glasgow, UK R Emmanuel, E Krüger Building and Environment 53, 137-149 , 2012 2012 Citations: 311
Urban heat islands in humid and arid climates: role of urban form and thermal properties in Colombo, Sri Lanka and Phoenix, USA R Emmanuel, HJS Fernando Climate Research 34 (3), 241 , 2007 2007 Citations: 303
Influence of urban morphology and sea breeze on hot humid microclimate: the case of Colombo, Sri Lanka R Emmanuel, E Johansson Climate Research 30 (3), 189-200 , 2006 2006 Citations: 261
The impact of urban compactness, comfort strategies and energy consumption on tropical urban heat island intensity: A review R Giridharan, R Emmanuel Sustainable cities and society 40, 677-687 , 2018 2018 Citations: 253
A “Local Climate Zone” based approach to urban planning in Colombo, Sri Lanka NGR Perera, R Emmanuel Urban climate 23, 188-203 , 2018 2018 Citations: 231
Sustainability, assessment and quantity surveying practice R Emmanuel Spon Press , 2011 2011 Citations: 224
Climate information for improved planning and management of mega cities (needs perspective) G Mills, H Cleugh, R Emmanuel, W Endlicher, E Erell, G McGranahan, ... Procedia Environmental Sciences 1, 228-246 , 2010 2010 Citations: 203
Estimating the environmental suitability of wall materials: preliminary results from Sri Lanka R Emmanuel Building and environment 39 (10), 1253-1261 , 2004 2004 Citations: 150
Occupancy detection in non-residential buildings–A survey and novel privacy preserved occupancy monitoring solution J Ahmad, H Larijani, R Emmanuel, M Mannion, A Javed Applied Computing and Informatics 17 (2), 279-295 , 2021 2021 Citations: 146
Urban heat island and differences in outdoor comfort levels in Glasgow, UK E Krüger, P Drach, R Emmanuel, O Corbella Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 1-15 , 2012 2012 Citations: 146
Impact of urban vegetation on outdoor thermal comfort: Comparison between a mediterranean city (Lecce, Italy) and a northern European city (Lahti, Finland) E Gatto, R Buccolieri, E Aarrevaara, F Ippolito, R Emmanuel, L Perronace, ... Forests 11 (2), 228 , 2020 2020 Citations: 133
Design and implementation of a cloud enabled random neural network-based decentralized smart controller with intelligent sensor nodes for HVAC A Javed, H Larijani, A Ahmadinia, R Emmanuel, M Mannion, D Gibson IEEE Internet of Things Journal 4 (2), 393-403 , 2016 2016 Citations: 131
Urban vegetational change as an indicator of demographic trends in cities: the case of Detroit R Emmanuel Environment and Planning B 24, 415-426 , 1997 1997 Citations: 88