The Emerging Role of Stromal-Immune Cell Interactions in Tissue-Specific Immunity and Disease Progression: A Histological Perspective Ahmed Mustafa Ahmed, Hadeel Kamil Khaleel, Taisir Khaleel Ibrahim, Azhar Hussein Kadhim An Najah University Journal for Research A Natural Sciences, 2026 Recent advances in immunology and histopathology have highlighted the critical role of stromal-immune cell interactions in shaping tissue-specific immune responses and influencing disease progression. Stromal cells, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and pericytes, once considered passive structural components, are now recognized as active players in immune regulation. Through direct cell-cell contact and the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix components, stromal cells orchestrate the recruitment, activation, and retention of immune cells within tissues. This dynamic interplay is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis but can also contribute to pathological outcomes in chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. Histological studies using advanced staining techniques and tissue imaging have revealed distinct spatial patterns of stromal-immune interactions across different organs, highlighting their tissue-specific nature. For instance, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumors create immunosuppressive microenvironments, while in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, stromal cells perpetuate inflammation by sustaining pathogenic immune cell niches. Understanding these cellular crosstalk mechanisms from a histological perspective allows for precise identification of key cellular players and their microenvironmental contexts. Moreover, targeting stromal components and their signaling pathways holds promise for novel therapeutic approaches that modulate local immunity without broadly suppressing systemic immune functions. This review emphasizes the importance of integrating histological insights with immunological research to uncover the complex network of stromal-immune interactions in health and disease. Such integration could lead to more accurate disease models and personalized treatment strategies tailored to the tissue-specific immune landscapes.
Physiological, molecular, and histological evaluation of the effects of cobalamin on cardiac function in castrated rabbits Mohammed Asker, Wassan Husain, Hadeel Khaleel, Mustafa Abdullah Open Veterinary Journal, 2026 Background: Testosterone deficiency is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Aim: To investigate the physiological, biochemical, and histological effects of cobalamin (vitamin B12) supplementation on cardiac physiology in castrated rabbits. Methods: A total of 24 male rabbits were divided into three groups: control (C), castrated (CA), and castrated with cobalamin supplementation (CA + C). Biochemical markers, including cardiac troponin I (cTnI), heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), homocysteine, glutathione (GSH), interleukin-3 (IL-3), galectin-3 (Gal-3), translocator protein (TSPO), and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), were measured using ELISA. Myocardial tissue was histologically evaluated alongside GAPDH and ANP gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Statistical significance was set at p value < 0.05. Results: Castration significantly increased the levels of cardiac markers, such as cTnI, H-FABP, homocysteine, IL-3, and Gal-3, while reducing GSH levels (p<0.001). Cobalamin supplementation significantly restored these biochemical parameters, with notable reductions in cTnI, H-FABP, homocysteine, IL-3, Gal-3, and GSH levels (p<0.01). Histological analysis revealed myocardial contraction failure, fibrosis, and inflammation in castrated rabbits, which were mitigated by cobalamin supplementation. Gene expression analysis showed GAPDH and ANP upregulation in the castrated group, which was partially restored after cobalamin treatment. Additionally, cobalamin supplementation significantly improved the expression of other markers, such as TSPO and TSP-1, its potential to modulate inflammatory and oxidative pathways in the heart. Conclusion: Cobalamin supplementation mitigates the harmful effects of testosterone deficiency on the heart by improving oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiac remodeling. These findings the potential of this drug for correcting cardiovascular dysfunction associated with hormonal deficiencies.
Improving Effects of Shilajit on Monosodium Glutamate Induced Testicular Changes in Male Mice Hadeel Khaleel, Saja Muzahem Thaker, Haneen Abdulsalam Ali Journal of Applied Science Engineering Technology and Education, 2025 Several health conditions are thought to be associated with monosodium glutamate (MS.G). Nowadays, a lot of products depend on monosodium glutamate as a flavor enhancer and food additive. The usage of MS.G is still debatable, even though it has been considered a safe food additive. A delayed excitotoxic and tissue-damaging dietary additive, MS.G, can produce large quantities of free radicals that cause metabolic disturbance and damage several organs. The study aimed to investigate the impress of monosodium glutamate in the testis of mice and the significance of Shilajit (Shi) in improving the damage. Fifty male albino mice weighing between 18–22g were used in the study. The animals were randomly selected into five groups. GroupA received distilled water as a control, groupB give (2g/ kg) from (MS.G), and group C gives (2g/ kg) of (MS.G) and (100mg\\ kg) of Shilajit (Shi), group D gives (4g/ kg) of (MS.G), and groupE gives (4g/ kg) of (MS.G) and (200mg/ kg) of Shilajit (Shi), orally for 2 weeks. Blood collected for hormones biochemical examination. The mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment, and the testes were separated for histological study. The results showed a significant decrease in testis weight in groups B, C, and D compared to the control, while no change in group E. The results indicated, a significant decrease at the FSH and LH. While, testosterone and progesterone levels showed a decrease in groups B, C, and D, but groupE was normal. The capsule thickness showed a significantly increased in the tested groups, except group E appeared relatively normal. Numerous histological alterations in the testis were discovered by the MS.G groups, including disarray of seminiferous tubules, decreased sperms in the lumen, Hyalinization with necrosis of Leydg’s cells and destruction of intermediate connective tissue cells, increased thickness of the testis capsule. Spermatogonia cells slouching in the seminiferous tubule lumens, and destruction of sertoli cells, necrosis of spermatogonia, and macrophage infilteration in the seminiferous tubule lumen, degeneration and destruction of intermediate connective tissue cells, disorganization of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, Slouching of spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubule lumen, Congestion of blood vessels, Infilteration of inflammatory cells in the lumen of tubules. While, the E groups exhibit extremely typical seminiferous tubules, hyalinization of interstitial tissue with destruction of Leydig’s cells, normal capsule, some vacuoles or spaces between spermatocytes, virtually typical spermatogonia, few amount of sperms and relatively normal spermatocyte. In conclusion, Shilajit (Shi) acts synergistically in reducing MSG-induced testicular changes via anti-inflammatory and anti-degeneration effects.
Assessment of radiological biological risks in samples of medicinal plants in Iraq Adian Khalid Majeed, Raghda Salim Sultan, Rasha Salam Sahib, Ali Saeed Jassim, Hadeel Kamil Khaleel E3s Web of Conferences, 2025 The aim of this research sought to assess the background radiati on levels of medicinal plant samples in Iraq.The D, AED, and ELCRThe D values are 0.164 ± 0.006 µSv/h.The radiation dose outputs from the afore mentioned research were juxtaposed with the safety threshold of 0.247 µSv/h set by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) in 2008 and the National Council on Radiation Pr otection and Measurements (NCRP) in 2009.The radiation exposure for all samples in this investigation is within the permissible limits.Additionally, t he AED values obtained from microsieverts per hour are (1.31 ±0.0326 mS v/y), indicating variability, with a maximum permissible limit of 2.4 mSv/y ear, as per the 2008 United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and the 2009 National Council on Radiatio n Protection and Measurements (NCRP).The statistics demonstrate that all detected AED levels during sample testing were below safety thresholds.T he ELCR×103 values exhibited variability, with an average of (4.486 ±0.1 26).The background radiation levels in these facilities are deemed safe, and their use does not provide any substantial danger of radiation exposure.
Environmental biological radiation hazards (ELCR, AED) from background radiation in vitamins consumed by pregnant women in Iraq Shireen N. Alebadi, Wedyan Mohammed Torki, Ali Saeed Jassim, Hadeel Kamil Khaleel E3s Web of Conferences, 2025 This study aims to assess the background radiation levels of dietary supplement samples utilised by pregnant women in Iraq. The D, AED, and ELCR values for twenty dietary supplements from this region. The D values (in μSv/h) are (0.15 ± 0.003 μSv/h). The radiation dose outputs from the aforementioned investigations are compared with a safe limit of 0.247 μSv/h established by UNSCEAR 2008 and NCRP 2009. The radiation dosage for all samples in the present investigation unequivocally remains within acceptable thresholds. Furthermore, the AED values derived from μSv/h are (1.290 ± 0.026 mSv/y), which exhibit discrepancies. Figure 3 juxtaposes the corresponding dose rates from this study with a permissible threshold of 2.4 mSv/y, as per UNSCEAR 2008 and NCRP 2009. The data indicate that all AED values found during the sample examination remained below safety limits. Finally, the ELCR×10-3 values vary with a mean value of (4.500±0.085). The radiation background levels in these are considered safe, and their use poses no substantial danger of radiation exposure. The dietary supplements evaluated in this study are deemed safe for pregnant women, posing no possible danger of radiation consequences.
MORPHOLOGICAL, HISTOLOGICAL, AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF STOMACH, PROVENTRICULUS, AND GIZZARD IN SLENDER-BILLED GULL CHROICOCEPHALUS GENEI (BRÈME, 1839) (AVES, CHARADRIIFORMES, LARIDAE) Ahmed Ahmed, Ahmed Al-Jawadi, Hadeel Khaleel, and Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum, 2025 The current study aimed to identify the morphological, histological, and histochemical composition of the proventriculus and the gizzard of the slender-billed gull Chroicocephalus genei (Breme, 1839) (Aves, Charadriiformes, Laridae) using a light microscope. Morphological analysis revealed that the stomach of the bird is divided into proventriculus and gizzard. The proventriculus is situated to the left of the body's midline and is completely encompassed by the liver's left lobe, and appears pear-shaped or elongated oval and has smooth walls. The gizzard has a pear-shaped muscular organ and is located to the left of the midline in the lower quarter of the abdominal cavity. The results of histological examination show that there are four major layers that make up the proventriculus and gizzard walls consist of: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa, as well as the presence of the koilin layer covering the tunica mucosa of the gizzard. The lining epithelium of the wall of the proventriculus is covered with simple columnar epithelial tissue, but the lamina properia has simple tubular glands and is made mostly of loose connective tissue, and the submucosa is composed of loose connective tissue and deep gastric glands. The muscularis which consist of three layers of smooth muscle fibers, while loose connective tissue makes up the tunica serosa. In the gizzard, the lining epithelium is lined by simple columnar epithelium; the lamina properia consists of simple tubular glands. The gizzard's submucosa is lined with dense connective tissue, the muscularis is made up of smooth muscle fibers, and the tunica serosa is coated with loose connective tissue. According to the histochemical analysis, the proventriculus and gizzard contain a significant amount of mucopolysaccharides which exhibited a positive reaction to Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stains.
Improving heat resilience in fattening rabbits: nutritional strategies for mitigation via regulating blood physiology, inflammation and antioxidant pathways Hadeel Kamil Khaleel, Sameh A. Abdelnour, Raha Osailan, Khaled H. El-Kholy, Ehab El-Haroun, et al. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2025 IntroductionGlobal heat waves increasingly threaten food security, by reducing food supplies and negatively impacting livestock health. This research investigates nutritional interventions aimed at improving rabbit productivity and health, with a particular focus on mitigating the effects of heat stress (HS) conditions. Hence, this research investigates the potential of various feed additives to enhance growth, immunity, and overall health in environmentally stressed growing rabbits by reducing inflammatory and apoptotic signaling.Materials and methodTo investigate the effects of various supplements on rabbits under natural heat stress, 150 rabbits were divided into five groups with 30 rabbits each. The groups were given a control diet or supplemented with 1 ml of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), 0.2 g of chitosan, 100 mg of silymarin, or a combination of all three for 8 weeks. The Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) was calculated to be 30.04, indicating severe heat stress.ResultsResults indicated that all feed supplements significantly improved live body weight and average daily gain (p &lt; 0.05). The inclusion of dietary feed additives resulted in significant elevations in total protein (p &lt; 0.01), albumin (p &lt; 0.001), hemoglobin (Hb) (p &lt; 0.01), and red blood cell (RBC) counts (p &lt; 0.012) relative to the control diets. Conversely, dietary supplementation significantly attenuated serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST; p &lt; 0.001), triglycerides (TG; p &lt; 0.001), total cholesterol (TC; p &lt; 0.001), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (p &lt; 0.001), urea (p = 0.04), and creatinine (p = 0.008) in comparison to the heat stress group. Administration of dietary supplements resulted in statistically significant elevations in total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.0032), glutathione (p = 0.002), catalase (p &lt; 0.001), and glutathione peroxidase (p &lt; 0.001), alongside a significant reduction in serum malondialdehyde (p = 0.0007), when compared to the control group. Similarly, these dietary interventions significantly enhanced overall immune ability, with increased IgM (p &lt; 0.001), IgA (p = 0.0059), phagocytic activity (p &lt; 0.001), and complement component 3 (C3) (p &lt; 0.001). In addition, rabbits receiving dietary supplements displayed significantly reduced serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, p = 0.0091), Interleukin 4 (IL-4, p = 0.0004), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ, p = 0.0211), compared with the stressed control group. Histopathological examination of liver tissues provided further evidence that all tested feed additives enhanced overall hepatic health.ConclusionTherefore, incorporating mixture of natural molecules (1 ml AgNPs, 0.2 chitosan, and 100 mg silymarin) into the diet provides a sustainable and promising solution for rabbit production to combat heat stress associated with global climate change.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN THE MICE AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION Biochemical and Cellular Archives, 2020
