3D heterotypic models of glioblastoma reveal the impact of microglia on cellular organization and the production of a distinct secretome Clara García-Sáez, Josune Alonso-Marañón, Mikel García-Puga, Ane Rubio-Zulaika, Irati de Goñi-Garcia, Lorea Blázquez, Sandra Camarero-Espinosa Scientific Reports, 2026 Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly brain tumor with a very poor prognosis. Development of new therapeutics is hindered by the lack of appropriate preclinical models that reflect the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, especially the crucial role of microglia. In this study, we investigated the impact of microglia on GBM models using humanized 3D spheroids. Homotypic and heterotypic spheroids were created out of a GBM-derived cell line (DKMG) or patient-derived glioma stem cells (GB22-13), along with a microglia cell line (HMC3). Heterotypic glioma-HMC3 spheroids exhibited increased proliferation and greater drug resistance to chemotherapy drug Temozolomide compared with homotypic spheroids. Heterotypic spheroids also grew larger, developed multinucleated structures within 7 days, and had a greater invasive potential. Additionally, a distinct core-shell structure emerged in the heterotypic spheroids, with glioma cells concentrated in the core and a surrounding layer of microglia forming a protective shell that appeared to hinder drug penetration to the tumor core. Further, heterotypic cells were able to induce migration and polarization of peripheral blood monocytes (THP-1) towards M2 phenotypes, increasing immune evasion. These findings highlight the critical role of microglia in GBM development and progression, demonstrating their contribution to both reduced drug diffusion and increased tumor growth.
3D Soft Hydrogels Induce Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells “Deep” Quiescence David Boaventura Gomes, Timo Rademakers, Ana Filipa Henriques Lourenço, Andrea Calore, Clarissa Tomasina, Denis van Beurden, Jinjie Venema, Bryan Chömpff, Hong Liu, Nicole Bouvy, Sandra Camarero‐Espinosa, Lorenzo Moroni Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2026 It has been reported that cells need a more physiologically relevant micro‐environment that allows them to maintain their phenotype. When cultured on 2D tissue culture plates, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) lose their differentiation capacity and clinical potential. Here, we developed a 3D alginate hydrogel functionalized with the Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) sequence and having mechanical stiffness mimicking the mechanical properties (<5 kPa) of bone marrow. hMSCs cultured in these hydrogels were halted in G 1 phase of the cell cycle and non‐proliferative, as shown by flow cytometry and 5‐Ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, respectively. Their quiescent state was characterized by an upregulation of enhancer of zeste homolog 1 (EZH1) at the gene level, forkhead box O3 (FoxO3) and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27) at the gene and protein levels compared to hMSCs grown in 2D. Studies in 3D hydrogels of collagen or alginate‐RGD hydrogels presenting a higher concentration of the peptide revealed that, independently of the concentration of RGD or the chemistry of the adhesion motives, hMSCs cultured in 3D presented a similar phenotype. This phenotype was exclusive to 3D cultures. In 2D, even when cells were serum‐deprived and became non‐proliferative, the expression of these markers was not observed. We propose that this difference may be the result of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) being downregulated in hMSCs cultured in 3D hydrogels, which induces cells in “deep” quiescence. Our results represent a step forward towards understanding hMSCs quiescence and its molecular pathways, providing more insight for hMSCs cell therapies.
Sulfonated Hyaluronic Acid-Based Polymers and Hydrogels Using Thiol-Ene and Thiol-Michael Reactions Ivo Anton Octave Beeren, Pieter Jelle Dijkstra, Ane Albillos Sanchez, Jopeth Ramis, Francesca Perin, Carlos Mota, Sandra Camarero‐Espinosa, Lorenzo Moroni, Matthew Brandon Baker Macromolecular Bioscience, 2026 Non‐sulfated polysaccharides like hyaluronic acid (HA) have been widely studied as scaffold material for tissue engineering applications. To mimic the function of sulfated glycosaminoglycan in the matrix, sulfate groups can be grafted. However, here, harsh reaction conditions are required which induce significant backbone degradation. As an alternative, sulfonates (R‐SO 3 − ) have been shown to resemble the function of sulfates yet have not been introduced on polysaccharides. Using a two‐step strategy, we introduced a tunable amount of sulfonate groups on HA, without requiring harsh reaction conditions and organic solvents. By varying the degree of carboxylic acid activation using 4‐(4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐4‐methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM), norbornene (NB, 3–18%) or maleimide (MAL, 2–14%) groups were grafted. Subsequently, 3‐mercapto‐1‐propanesulfonate was coupled in high efficiency on the addressable groups via orthogonal thiol‐ene and thiol‐Michael addition. Additionally, we demonstrated the formation of hydrogels using poly(ethylene glycol)‐di‐SH as a crosslinker. However, because of the low crosslinking kinetics, HA‐MAL appeared not useful for application. Simultaneous addition of the crosslinker and MPS to norbornyl‐conjugated HA's in various ratios enabled the formation of hydrogels with tunable stiffness and degree of sulfonate groups. The simple strategy is likely applicable to other commonly used polysaccharides and therefore interesting to the broader tissue engineering community.
Topography as a cue for driving osteochondral unit regeneration Sandra Ramos-Díez, Sandra Camarero-Espinosa Biofabrication, 2026 Osteochondral defects are injuries generally affecting to the surface of hyaline cartilage and progressing throughout the tissue until the underlying subchondral bone. The osteochondral unit is a multi-zonal tissue in which cells within each layer have a specific phenotype arising from their differential maturation stages; persistent, proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes in the superficial, middle and deep zones of cartilage, respectively, and osteoblast in the subchondral bone. These distinct cells regulate the composition of their microenvironment through sensing the surrounding physicochemical properties, where topography plays a crucial role. Tissue regeneration appears as a great alternative to promote the formation of a durable and functional osteochondral unit, where distinct parameters such as the biomaterial chemistry, mechanical properties or topography can be adjusted to match the native tissue. However, current approaches focus mainly on tuning the first two parameters, omitting the inclusion of topography. Moreover, only few have considered the inclusion of topography on scaffolds and investigated their effect in pre-clinical studies; number that is further reduced when reaching clinical trials. This review summarizes the state of the art in the regeneration of the osteochondral unit through the exploitation of topographical cues, setting into context relevant biological aspects, such as cell adhesion and proliferation, phenotype and deposition of zone-specific extracellular matrix that lead to the formation of a functional tissue.
Chitosan- and Gelatin-Based Composite Granular Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Regeneration Neda Khatami, Pedro Guerrero, Koro de la Caba, Ander Abarrategi, Sandra Camarero-Espinosa International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2026 Cartilage regeneration remains an unmet clinical challenge. Despite the great advances in the production of hydrogels as support matrices for cartilage regeneration, the resulting mechanical properties remain low. Granular composite hydrogels appear as ideal candidates due to their injectability and modularity in design. Here, we report on the fabrication and characterization of heterogeneous composite granular hydrogels based on methacrylated chitosan (CHIMA) and gelatin (GelMA) microparticles supported by an interstitial methacrylated alginate (ALMA) matrix. Microparticles were prepared by an oil-emulsion method and their size and morphology optimized, resulting in CHIMA and GelMA microparticles of 10.8 µm (95% CI 9.2, 13.1) and 115.8 µm (95% CI 107.5, 137.6) in diameter, respectively. The microparticles were mixed with ALMA and crosslinked to form granular hydrogels that demonstrated reduced swelling and weight loss. The storage modulus increased from 33 to 66.4 kPa for CHIMA/ALMA hydrogels and from 11.5 to 19.5 kPa for GelMA/ALMA hydrogels when the particle concentration increased from 10 to 50%, and was higher than traditional ALMA hydrogels. Hydrogels of 50:50 CHIMA:GelMA permitted a 6.6-fold increase in cell number after 28 days of culture, and promoted the chondrogenic differentiation of embedded mouse mesenchymal stem cells with a glycosaminoglycan deposition of over 15 µg and the expression of chondrogenic markers.
Multilayer dual-porosity 3D printed scaffolds to recreate the anisotropic microenvironment of the hyaline cartilage Sandra Ramos-Díez, Luis Diaz-Gomez, Maria Paulis, Sandra Camarero-Espinosa Materials Today Bio, 2025 Articular cartilage accounts for a multizonal structure with distinct matrix composition and chondrogenic phenotypes, responsible for the tissue's load-bearing ability. Upon damage, cartilage is clinically treated by microfracture, which allows bone marrow exudation to the previously abraded zone. However, mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) of the marrow cannot differentiate into specific chondrogenic phenotypes and the resulting tissue is isotropic and non-functional. Here, we developed multilayer dual-porosity scaffolds with defined in-fiber and structural porosities that were able to steer hMSC's differentiation into specific chondrogenic phenotypes. A library of inks prepared from poly-( L )lactide-co-caprolactone and sacrificial gelatine microspheres of three different diameters (13 ± 8 μm, 24 ± 14 μm, and 47 ± 27 μm) were used to 3D print structures with different patterns (90°, 60° and 45°), giving rise to dual-porosity structures of tunable in-fiber and structural porosities. This pallet of structures allowed control over porosity, topography and mechanical properties (ranging from 3.1 ± 0.1 to 9.1 ± 1.8 kPa), which modulated cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Multilayer scaffolds were fabricated from selected structures that promoted chondrogenic differentiation with distinct expression of collagen type I, type II (up to 9.9 fold-increase), aggrecan and versican genes, resulting on a tissue with characteristic collagen I and II deposition patterns, abundant glycosaminoglycan deposition (15.4 ± 2.0 μg GAG · μg -1 DNA ) and similar compression modulus to native cartilage (501.5 ± 72.7 kPa).
rhBMP-2 induces terminal differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells only by synergizing with other signals Neda Kathami, Carolina Moreno-Vicente, Pablo Martín, Jhonatan A. Vergara-Arce, Raquel Ruiz-Hernández, Daniela Gerovska, Ana M. Aransay, Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo, Sandra Camarero-Espinosa, Ander Abarrategi Stem Cell Research and Therapy, 2024 Background Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) have been thoroughly studied for research and translational bone regeneration purposes. rhBMP-2 induces bone formation in vivo, and hBM-MSCs are its target, bone-forming cells. In this article, we studied how rhBMP-2 drives the multilineage differentiation of hBM-MSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Methods rhBMP-2 and hBM-MSCs were tested in an in vivo subcutaneous implantation model to assess their ability to form mature bone and undergo multilineage differentiation. Then, the hBM-MSCs were treated in vitro with rhBMP-2 for short-term or long-term cell-culture periods, alone or in combination with osteogenic, adipogenic or chondrogenic media, aiming to determine the role of rhBMP-2 in these differentiation processes. Results The data indicate that hBM-MSCs respond to rhBMP-2 in the short term but fail to differentiate in long-term culture conditions; these cells overexpress the rhBMP-2 target genes DKK1, HEY-1 and SOST osteogenesis inhibitors. However, in combination with other differentiation signals, rhBMP-2 acts as a potentiator of multilineage differentiation, not only of osteogenesis but also of adipogenesis and chondrogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Altogether, our data indicate that rhBMP-2 alone is unable to induce in vitro osteogenic terminal differentiation of hBM-MSCs, but synergizes with other signals to potentiate multiple differentiation phenotypes. Therefore, rhBMP-2 triggers on hBM-MSCs different specific phenotype differentiation depending on the signalling environment.
Advances in Additive Manufactured Scaffolds Mimicking the Osteochondral Interface Ivo A. O. Beeren, Pieter J. Dijkstra, Carlos Mota, Sandra Camarero‐Espinosa, Matthew B. Baker, Lorenzo Moroni Advanced Nanobiomed Research, 2024 Architectural, compositional, and mechanical gradients are present in many interfacial tissues in the body. Yet desired for regeneration, the recreation of these complex natural gradients in porous scaffolds remains a challenging task. Additive manufacturing (AM) has been highlighted as a technology to fabricate constructs to regenerate interfacial tissues. Integration of different types of gradients, which can be physical, mechanical, and/or biochemical, shows promise to control cell fate and the regeneration process in a spatial controlled manner. One of the most studied tissue interfaces is the osteochondral unit which connects cartilage to bone. This tissue is often damaged because of trauma or ageing, leading to osteoarthritis; a degenerative disease and a major cause of disability worldwide. Therefore, in view of osteochondral (OC) regeneration, a state‐of‐the‐art overview of current approaches is presented to manufacture gradient scaffolds prepared by AM techniques. The focus is on thermoplastic, hydrogel, and hybrid scaffolds comprising gradients that induce biomimicry by their physical and biological properties. The effect of these different systems on OC tissue formation in‐vitro and in‐vivo is addressed. Finally, an outlook on current trends of dynamic materials is provided, including proposals on how these materials could improve the mimicry of scaffolds applied for OC regeneration.
3D Niche-Inspired Scaffolds as a Stem Cell Delivery System for the Regeneration of the Osteochondral Interface Sandra Camarero‐Espinosa, Ivo Beeren, Hong Liu, David B. Gomes, Jip Zonderland, Ana Filipa H Lourenço, Denis van Beurden, Marloes Peters, David Koper, Pieter Emans, Peter Kessler, Timo Rademakers, Matthew B. Baker, Nicole Bouvy, Lorenzo Moroni Advanced Materials, 2024 The regeneration of the osteochondral unit represents a challenge due to the distinct cartilage and bone phases. Current strategies focus on the development of multiphasic scaffolds that recapitulate features of this complex unit and promote the differentiation of implanted bone‐marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs). In doing so, challenges remain from the loss of stemness during in vitro expansion of the cells and the low control over stem cell activity at the interface with scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. Here, this work scaffolds inspired by the bone marrow niche that can recapitulate the natural healing process after injury. The construct comprises an internal depot of quiescent BMSCs, mimicking the bone marrow cavity, and an electrospun (ESP) capsule that “activates” the cells to migrate into an outer “differentiation‐inducing” 3D printed unit functionalized with TGF‐β and BMP‐2 peptides. In vitro, niche‐inspired scaffolds retained a depot of nonproliferative cells capable of migrating and proliferating through the ESP capsule. Invasion of the 3D printed cavity results in location‐specific cell differentiation, mineralization, secretion of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and genetic upregulation of collagen II and collagen I. In vivo, niche‐inspired scaffolds are biocompatible, promoted tissue formation in rat subcutaneous models, and regeneration of the osteochondral unit in rabbit models.
Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials E. Johan Foster, Robert J. Moon, Umesh P. Agarwal, Michael J. Bortner, Julien Bras, Sandra Camarero-Espinosa, Kathleen J. Chan, Martin J. D. Clift, Emily D. Cranston, Stephen J. Eichhorn, Douglas M. Fox, Wadood Y. Hamad, Laurent Heux, Bruno Jean, Matthew Korey, World Nieh, Kimberly J. Ong, Michael S. Reid, Scott Renneckar, Rose Roberts, Jo Anne Shatkin, John Simonsen, Kelly Stinson-Bagby, Nandula Wanasekara, Jeff Youngblood Chemical Society Reviews, 2018
Sulfonated Hyaluronic Acid‐Based Polymers and Hydrogels Using Thiol‐Ene and Thiol‐Michael Reactions IAO Beeren, PJ Dijkstra, AA Sanchez, J Ramis, F Perin, C Mota, ... Macromolecular Bioscience 26 (4), e00319 , 2026 2026
Chitosan-and Gelatin-Based Composite Granular Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Regeneration N Khatami, P Guerrero, K de la Caba, A Abarrategi, ... International Journal of Molecular Sciences 27 (6), 2889 , 2026 2026
3D soft hydrogels induce human mesenchymal stem cells “deep” quiescence D Boaventura Gomes, T Rademakers, AFH Lourenço, A Calore, ... Advanced Healthcare Materials, e71001 , 2026 2026 Citations: 4
Topography as a cue for driving osteochondral unit regeneration S Ramos-Díez, S Camarero-Espinosa Biofabrication 18 (1), 012003 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
3D heterotypic models of glioblastoma reveal the impact of microglia on cellular organization and the production of a distinct secretome C García-Sáez, J Alonso-Marañón, M García-Puga, A Rubio-Zulaika, ... Scientific Reports , 2026 2026
Multilayer dual-porosity 3D printed scaffolds to recreate the anisotropic microenvironment of the hyaline cartilage S Ramos-Díez, L Diaz-Gomez, M Paulis, S Camarero-Espinosa Materials Today Bio, 102280 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Introducing a 4D into static and dynamic materials for tissue regeneration S Camarero-Espinosa BOOK OF ABSTRACTS, 25 , 2025 2025
Advances in additive manufactured scaffolds mimicking the osteochondral interface IAO Beeren, PJ Dijkstra, C Mota, S Camarero‐Espinosa, MB Baker, ... Advanced NanoBiomed Research 4 (11), 2400059 , 2024 2024 Citations: 10
Developing double-crosslinking 3D printed hydrogels for bone tissue engineering G Barberi, S Ramos-Díez, C Fiorica, FS Palumbo, S Camarero-Espinosa, ... Reactive and Functional Polymers 203, 106016 , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
3D niche‐inspired scaffolds as a stem cell delivery system for the regeneration of the osteochondral interface S Camarero‐Espinosa, I Beeren, H Liu, DB Gomes, J Zonderland, ... Advanced Materials 36 (34), 2310258 , 2024 2024 Citations: 28
A Proteomic Approach to Determine Stem Cell Skeletal Differentiation Signature on Additive Manufactured Scaffolds C Tomasina, R Mohren, S Camarero‐Espinosa, B Cillero‐Pastor, ... Small Science 4 (7), 2300316 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
A facile strategy for tuning the density of surface-grafted biomolecules for melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing applications IAO Beeren, G Dos Santos, PJ Dijkstra, C Mota, J Bauer, H Ferreira, ... Bio-design and Manufacturing 7 (3), 277-291 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
rhBMP-2 induces terminal differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells only by synergizing with other signals N Kathami, C Moreno-Vicente, P Martín, JA Vergara-Arce, ... Stem Cell Research & Therapy 15 (1), 124 , 2024 2024 Citations: 9
The role of plasma‐induced surface chemistry on polycaprolactone nanofibers to direct chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells M Asadian, C Tomasina, Y Onyshchenko, KV Chan, M Norouzi, ... Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 112 (2), 210-230 , 2024 2024 Citations: 10
Valorization of biological waste from insect-based food industry: Assessment of chitin and chitosan potential N Khatami, P Guerrero, P Martín, E Quintela, V Ramos, L Saa, ... Carbohydrate polymers 324, 121529 , 2024 2024 Citations: 55
ENHANCING CARTILAGE TISSUE FORMATION IN GELMA/ALGINATE-TYRAMINE INTERPENETRATED NETWORKS (IPNS) WITH LOW INTENSITY PULSE ULTRASOUND STIMULATION (LIPUS) G Larrañaga-Jaurrieta, A Abarrategui, S Camarero-Espinosa Orthopaedic Proceedings 106 (SUPP_2), 78-78 , 2024 2024
CONTROLLING CELL ORGANIZATION IN WAVY ELECTROSPUN SCAFFOLDS FOR THE REGENERATION OF THE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT S Camarero-Espinosa Orthopaedic Proceedings 106 (SUPP_2), 58-58 , 2024 2024
MULTILAYER DUAL-POROSITY 3D-PRINTED SCAFFOLDS TO RECREATE THE ANISOTROPIC MICROENVIRONMENT OF THE CARTILAGE S Ramos-Díez, S Camarero-Espinosa Orthopaedic Proceedings 106 (SUPP_2), 17-17 , 2024 2024
Alginate-waterborne polyurethane 3D bioprinted scaffolds for articular cartilage tissue engineering R Olmos-Juste, G Larrañaga-Jaurrieta, I Larraza, S Ramos-Diez, ... International journal of biological macromolecules 253, 127070 , 2023 2023 Citations: 17
Mimicking the Graded Wavy Structure of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 17/2023) S Camarero‐Espinosa, H Yuan, PJ Emans, L Moroni Advanced Healthcare Materials 12 (17), 2370092 , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials EJ Foster, RJ Moon, UP Agarwal, MJ Bortner, J Bras, ... Chemical Society Reviews , 2018 2018 Citations: 1184
Isolation of thermally stable cellulose nanocrystals by phosphoric acid hydrolysis S Camarero Espinosa, T Kuhnt, EJ Foster, C Weder Biomacromolecules 14 (4), 1223-1230 , 2013 2013 Citations: 869
Articular cartilage: from formation to tissue engineering S Camarero-Espinosa, B Rothen-Rutishauser, EJ Foster, C Weder Biomaterials science 4 (5), 734-767 , 2016 2016 Citations: 422
Bioprinting: From Tissue and Organ Development to in Vitro Models C Mota, S Camarero-Espinosa, MB Baker, P Wieringa, L Moroni Chemical reviews 120 (19), 10547-10607 , 2020 2020 Citations: 416
Materials for the Spine: Anatomy, Problems, and Solutions EJF Brody A. Frost, Sandra Camarero-Espinosa Materials 12 (2), 253 , 2019 2019 Citations: 272
A critical review of the current knowledge regarding the biological impact of nanocellulose C Endes, S Camarero-Espinosa, S Mueller, EJ Foster, A Petri-Fink, ... Journal of nanobiotechnology 14 (1), 78 , 2016 2016 Citations: 270
Directed cell growth in multi-zonal scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering S Camarero-Espinosa, B Rothen-Rutishauser, C Weder, EJ Foster Biomaterials 74, 42-52 , 2016 2016 Citations: 178
Bioprinting vasculature: materials, cells and emergent techniques C Tomasina, T Bodet, C Mota, L Moroni, S Camarero-Espinosa Materials 12 (17), 2701 , 2019 2019 Citations: 174
Production and Applications of Cellulose Nanomaterials S Camaero Espinosa, T Kuhnt, C Weder, EJ Foster Tappi Press , 2013 2013 Citations: 131
An in vitro testing strategy towards mimicking the inhalation of high aspect ratio nanoparticles C Endes, O Schmid, C Kinnear, S Mueller, S Camarero-Espinosa, ... Particle and fibre toxicology 11 (1), 40 , 2014 2014 Citations: 123
Janus 3D printed dynamic scaffolds for nanovibration-driven bone regeneration S Camarero-Espinosa, L Moroni Nature communications 12 (1), 1031 , 2021 2021 Citations: 96
3D printed dual‐porosity scaffolds: the combined effect of stiffness and porosity in the modulation of macrophage polarization S Camarero‐Espinosa, M Carlos‐Oliveira, H Liu, JF Mano, N Bouvy, ... Advanced healthcare materials 11 (1), 2101415 , 2022 2022 Citations: 71
Elucidating the potential biological impact of cellulose nanocrystals S Camarero-Espinosa, C Endes, S Mueller, A Petri-Fink, ... Fibers 4 (3), 21 , 2016 2016 Citations: 67
Cellulose nanocrystal driven crystallization of poly (d, l‐lactide) and improvement of the thermomechanical properties S Camarero‐Espinosa, DJ Boday, C Weder, EJ Foster Journal of Applied Polymer Science 132 (10) , 2015 2015 Citations: 61
Additive manufacturing of nanocellulose based scaffolds for tissue engineering: Beyond a reinforcement filler T Kuhnt, S Camarero-Espinosa Carbohydrate polymers 252, 117159 , 2021 2021 Citations: 59
Tailoring biomaterial scaffolds for osteochondral repair S Camarero-Espinosa, J Cooper-White International Journal of Pharmaceutics 523 (2), 476-489 , 2017 2017 Citations: 57
Valorization of biological waste from insect-based food industry: Assessment of chitin and chitosan potential N Khatami, P Guerrero, P Martín, E Quintela, V Ramos, L Saa, ... Carbohydrate polymers 324, 121529 , 2024 2024 Citations: 55
Mechanical and shape‐memory properties of poly (mannitol sebacate)/cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposites Á Sonseca, S Camarero‐Espinosa, L Peponi, C Weder, EJ Foster, ... Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 52 (21), 3123-3133 , 2014 2014 Citations: 55
Additive manufacturing of an elastic poly (ester) urethane for cartilage tissue engineering S Camarero-Espinosa, A Calore, A Wilbers, J Harings, L Moroni Acta biomaterialia 102, 192-204 , 2020 2020 Citations: 54
4D printed shape morphing biocompatible materials based on anisotropic ferromagnetic nanoparticles T Kuhnt, S Camarero‐Espinosa, M Takhsha Ghahfarokhi, M Arreguín, ... Advanced Functional Materials 32 (50), 2202539 , 2022 2022 Citations: 50
