DR SHALU RAI

Scopus Publications

Morphometric and Volumetric CBCT Evaluation of Pharyngeal Airway in Individuals with Non-Syndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Shalu Rai, Sumit Bhateja
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2025
Background: Cleft lip and palate children (CLP) experience airway issues. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used to plan surgical procedures for individuals with cleft lips and palate (CLP). Objective: The current study was conducted to assess the linear, cross-sectional area, and volume of pharyngeal airway dimensions and their correlation in non-syndromic unilateral CLP (UCLP) patients compared to non-cleft controls. Methods: Linear dimensions, area, and volume of the pharyngeal airway were measured using CBCT with 3D NNT software. Results: The nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal width and height, along with area and volume in the control subjects, were statistically significantly greater than the cleft subjects. Conclusion: CBCT scans are recommended because of their increased accuracy and ability to assess the cross-sectional area and volume of the airways. Dimensional changes in the pharyngeal airway can indicate the likelihood of developing skeletal malocclusions or airway insufficiency.
Pharyngeal Airway Architecture in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate by Cone-beam Computed Tomography: Review of Literature
Sumit Bhateja, Shalu Rai
International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2025
Background: The most prevalent congenital abnormality in the head and neck area is an orofacial cleft. These abnormalities can have a major effect on facial development, especially in the maxilla, pharyngeal airway, and midface. Additionally, children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) have been found to have medical conditions such as velopharyngeal insufficiency, adenoid hypertrophy, respiratory constriction, sleep issues, and obstructive sleep apneas (OSAs), significantly affecting the quality of life.This review aims to evaluate the literature for pharyngeal airway changes using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in individuals with unilateral and bilateral cleft palates (ULCP and BLCP) and controls. Materials and methods: A systematic review (PROSPERO#CRD42024595549 and PRISMA 2020 checklist) was planned to evaluate the literature according to the norms prescribed by the Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions by searching from the electronic databases of Medline, Embase, PubMed, and WOS involving studies only in human and text in English literature. Independently, the data and risk of bias/assessment of quality were reviewed by two investigators (JNZ and JL) for inclusion. Results: A chart that adheres to the PRISMA declaration presents the findings of the literature search, including the inclusion and removal of publications. The articles for evaluation were those that were released between 2012 and 2025; only 34 articles were taken into consideration for further review. Conclusion: There are currently few studies comparing cleft and noncleft situations that use 3D radiography to examine the pharyngeal airway in CLP patients. Several recent studies have evaluated the pharyngeal airway in cleft patients using CBCT, yielding conflicting results. Based on the current limited evidence, a further high-quality study is required. How to cite this article: Rai S, Bhateja S. Pharyngeal Airway Architecture in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate by Cone-beam Computed Tomography: Review of Literature. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(9):1168-1180.
Pharyngeal Airway Analysis for Area and Volume in Patients Affected by Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate - A Comparative Study
Shalu Rai, Sumit Bhateja
Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery, 2025
Introduction: The most prevalent craniofacial birth abnormality is cleft lip and palate (CLP), which affects around 1 in 700 live births globally. This study evaluates the age-related changes in airway dimensions in children and adults with cleft lip and palate and compares the findings to normal subjects matched for age and sex. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 300 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were examined and coded matching the subjects in the experiment for age and gender. OnDemand three-dimensional (3D) software was used to generate 3D models for the airways of the subjects and for calculating their airway volumes. Results: In CLP patients, the airway volumes, along with the corresponding values for cross-sectional area were considerably lower than those in the control group. In CLP patients, unilateral cleft had a statistically significant (P = 0.001) decreased area than bilateral cleft. Irrespective of cleft or control, the volume and area were found to be statistically significant (P = 0.001) and more in adult than child subjects. Gender-wise volume was found to be significantly more (P = 0.001) in adult bilateral cleft males when compared to other groups. Gender-wise comparison of area in bilateral cleft patients was found to be more in adult subjects as compared to child and adult controls and unilateral clefts. Discussion: Surgeons would need to take the information obtained from the results of this study when considering a therapeutic surgical procedure in the management of CLP or obstructive sleep apnoea.
Assessment of neurovascular channels in lateral maxillary sinus wall using cone-beam computed tomography: An imperative clinicians guide for implant placements
Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra, Akansha Misra, Ankit Jain, Priyanka Dabas, Qaiser Ali, Manish Kumar
National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery, 2024
Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the location and radio morphometric features of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) in patients undergoing rehabilitation of posterior maxilla and other sinus augmentation surgical procedures by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A total of 816 CBCT scans were included. Various radio morphometric measurements were done to assess the PSAA location, diameter, and distances to the sinus floor and alveolar crest. Results: The PSAA was mostly intraosseous in the maximum in the age group 31–51 years (56%), in males (53.4%), and in dentate patients (57.4%). The artery tends to be wider in older patients. Distances to the sinus floor or the alveolar crest tend to be shorter in women. Conclusions: This study suggests that CBCT is a valuable pre-surgical tool and the evaluation of the PSAA on CBCT images could reduce the likelihood of excess bleeding during surgery in the maxillary posterior region.
Human Urinary Metabolomics as Biomarkers in Tobacco Users: A Systematic Review
Somya Sharma, Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra, Akansha Misra, Shalini Sharma, Anusuya Sharma, Manish Singh Prayasi
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 2024
Aim: Urine as a biofluid has been rarely used as a diagnostic fluid in oral diseases. The article aims to systematically review the utility of human urinary carcinogen metabolites as an approach for obtaining important information about tobacco and cancer. Materials and Methods: The following article reviews the use of urine and its metabolites as biomarkers in various lesions of the oral cavity including oral squamous cell carcinoma and as a screening method in evaluating tobacco and its components. A bibliographic comprehensive search was carried out in the main databases: PUBMED, SciELO, Google Scholar, VHL, and LILACS for articles that were published from 1985 to 2020. The inclusion criteria were “urinary metabolites,” “oral cancer/HNSCC,” “body fluids,” “tobacco,” and “metabolomics.” A total of 55 articles were collected which included laboratory studies, systematic reviews, and literature of urinary metabolites in tobacco users. Results: Most of the studies carried out show accurate results with high sensitivity of urinary metabolite biomarkers in individuals with tobacco-based habits and lesions caused by them. Conclusion: The review indicates that urinary metabolite analysis demonstrates its applicability for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. Urine is a remarkable and useful biofluid for routine testing and provides an excellent resource for the discovery of novel biomarkers, with an advantage over tissue biopsy samples due to the ease and less invasive nature of collection.
Evaluation of neurovascular anatomical variation in the anterior mandible in North Indian population: A CBCT assessment
Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra, Akansha Misra, Sahil Kidwai, Suman Bisla, Ankit Jain, Purwa Gangwal
Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 2022
A novel approach in diagnosing multiple dentigerous cysts using CBCT illustration indicative of Mucopolysaccharidosis VI – a case report
Shalu Rai, , , Deepankar Misra, , Akansha Misra, , Ankit Jain, , Ashish Verma, , Dimple Grover, , Ayesha Haris, and
Journal of Medicine and Life, 2022
Mucopolysaccharidosis VI is a genetic disorder affecting multiple organs with sundry clinical presentations. The main etiological factor reflects the disturbances in mucopolysaccharide metabolism leading to deposition of acid mucopolysaccharide in various tissues. The pathognomonic features of the disease include a large head, short neck, corneal opacity, open mouth associated with an enlarged tongue, enlargement of the skull, and long anteroposterior dimension with unerupted dentition, dentigerous cyst-like follicles, condylar defects, and gingival hyperplasia. An 18-year-old boy with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type VI) is described in this article, emphasizing the oral manifestations and radiographic illustration of lesions in the jaws. It also emphasizes the essential role of cone-beam computed tomography to identify and analyze multicentric pathologies in the jaws.
Impact of oral health factors on quality of life of geriatric population - A systematic review
Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra, Akansha Misra, Ankit Jain, Suman Bisla
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2021
The innumerable special needs and challenges faced by geriatric patients in healthcare has attracted the attention of the modern world. Various basic oral functions contribute to good physical and psychological health and are likely to deteriorate with frailty. The aim of the study was to examine effects of aging on oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) and assess importance of dental care amongst older persons. An electronic search in PubMed Central's database was performed. The search strategy was limited to human studies (single and double-blinded trials, cross-sectional and case-control studies), full-text English articles published from first of January 2010 until the end of April 2021. Irrelevant articles or articles with inadequate information were omitted. Data was searched and analyzed using following MeSH terms/keywords: Geriatric Assessment, Oral Health Related Quality of Life. 43 studies were included. In most of the studies it was identified geriatric assessment is essential to avoid comorbidities in such patients. Furthermore judicious use of polypharmacy is advocated in such patients. An association between OHRQoL and dental care of older people was found. This indicates prevention and early intervention with treatment modalities in the increasing elderly population with an apparent solicitousness of their health needs
Significance of morphometric and anatomic variations of nasopalatine canal on cone-beam computed tomography in anterior functional zone - A retrospective study
Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra, Akansha Misra, Mansi Khatri, Sahil Kidwai, Suman Bisla, Prerna Jain
Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery, 2021
Introduction: Oral rehabilitation in maxillary anterior region has increased concerns in the dental fraternity to have detailed morphological examination in treatment planning. The nasopalatine canal (NPC) along with its contents plays an important role in determining the prognosis of implants and their associated surgeries. The present study was performed to evaluate morphometric anatomic variations of the NPC using focused small field of view on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The study included 250 participants. CBCT examination was conducted using standard exposure and patient positioning protocols. Sagittal, coronal, and axial sections were reviewed to determine NPC morphology and dimensions. Results: Single, round, incisive foramen with mean mesiodistal diameter of 3.23 (±1.00) mm, and mean anteroposterior dimension of 3.03 (±0.96) mm was found. Single Stenson's foramen along with funnel shaped, slanted NPC with mean angulation of 81.97 (±42.19), and mean length of 12.67 (±2.69) mm was found. Mean mesiodistal diameter at nasal fossa of NPC was 3.27 (±1.75) mm, at mid-level was 2.23 (±1.02) mm, at palate was 3.46 (±1.12) mm. At least one additional foramen was found. Discussion: Anatomy of the NPC is highly variable. Age-wise and gender-wise correlations revealed statistically significant results for different parameters. The present study highlighted significance of NPC along with its variations. Therefore, a methodical three-dimensional presurgical assessment is mandatory before any surgical intervention in this region.
Cone-beam computed tomography assessment of bone using grayscale values in patients with diabetes mellitus. A case–control observational study
Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra, Akansha Misra
Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 2020
Background: The density of cortical and cancellous bone is a key reason for implant anchorage which might be severely affected during diabetes. Aim: The aim of the study was to establish the role of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using grayscale values in determining bone density in different jaw sites and in comparing the values in healthy with diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Bone densities in 322 possible implant sites in healthy and diabetic patients were evaluated using NewTomGiano CBCT machine. Cross-sections obtained were assessed for bone densities in terms of Hounsfield Unit on different sites using New Net Technologies software version 6.1. Statistical Analysis: Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software (version 19.0). Results: Age-wise cortical and cancellous bone densities were compared and no statistical significance was obtained. Gender-wise bone density was compared and significant results were found in males. Jaw-wise bone density was compared and was found to be significantly high in the mandible. The mean cortical bone density in control group was 1608.572 (±380.36), whereas in diabetic group was 1395.368 (±296.97), and the mean cancellous bone density in control was 906.918 (±185.40) and in diabetic was 559.868 (±128.16). Teeth wise in cortical bone significant values were found at premolar region (P = 0.046) and in cancellous bone significant values were found at canine and premolar region (P = 0.012) and highly significant values were found at molar region (P = 0.001). Conclusion: CBCT unveils a distinct pattern of cortical and cancellous bone density. A high degree of concordance between different regions of the mouth in cortical and cancellous bones was obtained in different study groups. CBCT could be used for bone density analysis.
Maxillary anterior cortical bone thickness: An imperative parameter for implant solidity - 3-dimensional cone beam CT study
Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra, Mansi Khatri, Tarun Vyas, Poulomi Bhakta, Priyank Mallick
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2020
Message from the honorary general secretary
Shalu Rai
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2020
Hybrid ameloblastoma of anterior maxilla: A rare and puzzling pathologic entity - Case report with systematic review
Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra, Mukul Prabhat, Ankit Jain, Prerna Jain
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 2019
Unintended and unexpected incidental findings on cone beam computed tomography: A retrospective study of 1500 scans
Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra, Mukul Prabhat, Mansi Khatri, Priyank Mallick, Ayush Dhawan
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2018
Knowledge, awareness, and aptitude of general dentists toward dental radiology and CBCT: A questionnaire study
Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra, Ayush Dhawan, Kuber Tyagi, Mukul Prabhat, Mansi Khatri
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2018
Efficacy and evaluation of cone beam computed tomography in determining the prevalence and length of anterior loop of inferior alveolar nerve in North Indian population
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2018
Palatal mucormycosis masquerading as bacterial and fungal osteomyelitis: A rare case report
Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra, Akansha Misra, Ankit Jain, Prerna Jain, Ayush Dhawan
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 2018
Image Guided Virtual Autopsy: An Adjunct with Radiographic and Computed Tomography Modalities - An Important Tool in Forensic Identification
Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra, Kuber Tyagi, Mukul Prabhat, Purwa Gangwal
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2017
Prevalence and calcification of stylohyoid complex in North West part of India and its correlation with general and dental health condition
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2017
Functional role of apoptosis in oral diseases: An update
Akansha Misra, Shalu Rai, Deepankar Misra
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 2016
Diagnostic efficacy of color Doppler ultrasound in evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy
Deepankar Misra, Sapna Panjwani, Shalu Rai, Akansha Misra, Mukul Prabhat, Prashant Gupta, SubrataK Talukder
Dental Research Journal, 2016
Herbinaturals: A new paradigm in dentistry
Sapna Panjwani, Shalu Rai, Deepanakar Misra, Akansha Misra
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2016
Management of myofascial pain by therapeutic ultrasound and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: A comparative study
Shalu Rai, Vikash Ranjan, Deepankar Misra, Sapna Panjwani
European Journal of Dentistry, 2016
Estimation of serum antioxidant enzymes in histopathological grades of oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and oral cancer: A clinicopathologic study
Shalu Rai, Akshay Sharma, Vikash Ranjan, Deepankar Misra, Sapna Panjwani
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2015
Computed tomography in diagnosis of admantinoma
Deepankar Misra, Shalu Rai, Sapna Panjwani, Vikash Ranjan, Mukul Prabhat, Kanika Bhalla, Puneet Bhatnagar, Akansha Misra
North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015
Diagnostic reliability of panoramic radiography and spiral computed tomography in evaluating topographic relationship of impacted mandibular third molar with inferior alveolar canal
Shalu Rai, Subhankar Dasgupta, Vikash Ranjan, Deepankar Misra, Sapna Panjwani
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2015
A lateral cephalogram study for evaluation of pharyngeal airway space and its relation to neck circumference and body mass index to determine predictors of obstructive sleep apnea
Shalu Rai, Sandeep Kaur, Abhishek Sinha, Vikas Ranjan, Deepankar Mishra, Sapna Panjwani
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2015
Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor — A neoplastic variety of calcifying odontogenic cyst: Case presentation and review
Shalu Rai, Mukul Prabhat, Sumit Goel, Kanika Bhalla, Sapna Panjwani, Deepankar Misra, Ankur Agarwal, Gunjan Bhatnagar
North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015
Computed tomography in diagnosis of admantinoma
North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015
Oral health services utilization among the rural population of western Rajasthan, India
Sarika Gupta, Vikash Ranjan, Shalu Rai, Hemant Mathur, Jitender Solanki, SriKrishna Koppula
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2014
Comparison of reliability of lateral cephalogram and computed tomography for assessment of airway space
S Rai, S Kaur, M Kaur
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2014
Role of cone beam computed tomography in the prompt diagnosis of a nasopalatine duct cyst
Sapna Panjwani, Saurabh Arora, Shalu Rai, Rohit Malik
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2014
Cone-beam computed tomographic illustration of an unusual position of keratocystic odontogenic tumor mimicking a dentigerous cyst: A case report
Deepankar Misra, Akansha Misra, Shalu Rai, Rohit Malik
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2014
Unilateral segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia: A rare entity of 3 cases and review
Shalu Rai, Rohit Malik, Sapna Panjwani, Deepankar Misra, Sankalp Verma
Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2014
Estimation and comparison of levels of salivary nitric oxide in patients with oral lichen planus and controls
International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2013
Pleomorphic adenoma: Choice of radiographic imaging modality-Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging? Illustration through a case report
Shalu Rai, Malik Rohit, Mandeep Kaur, Prabhat Mukul
Dental Hypotheses, 2013
Angina bullosa hemorrhagica: Report of two cases
Shalu Rai, Mandeep Kaur, Sumit Goel
Indian Journal of Dermatology, 2012
Redefining the potential applications of dental stem cells: An asset for future
Shalu Rai, Sandeep Kaur, Mandeep Kaur, SapnaPanjwani Arora
Indian Journal of Human Genetics, 2012
Trabeculae type of juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma of the maxilla: Report of two cases
Shalu Rai, Mandeep Kaur, Sumit Goel, Mukul Prabhat
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 2012
Serum circulating immune complexes as prognostic indicators in premalignant and malignant lesions of oral cavity during and following radiotherapy
Shalu Rai, RN Mody
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 2012
Ackerman's tumor and field cancerization with emphasis on chemoprevention
Mandeep Kaur, Shalu Rai, Puneet Bhatnagar
Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2011

DR SHALU RAI

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Scopus Publications