The efficacy of different Dietary levels of Alhagi graecorum herb on Eggs Characteristics of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) Mohammed Rasool Mahdi Jasim, Ali Sami Amin AL-Tawash, Omar Mardenli Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 2025 The experiments of the current study were carried out in poultry houses to the College of Agriculture, the University of Al-Qadisiyah, in AL-Diwaniyah City, Republic of Iraq. The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of dietary supplementation of (Alhagi graecorum) on some qualitative characteristics of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs. A total of 80 Japanese quail birds weighted an average of 125 g at 12 weeks of age were randomly distributed to groups based on Alhagi graecorum herb additive level in the diet : A without addition (control group), B (2%), C (4%) and D (6%). Each treatment was replicated in 2 cages (10 birds per each) in a 6-week experimental period. The results showed that the levels of addition did not lead to clear differences in the average of eggshell thickness, except for the birds of treatment B, C and D in the third week 0.250 mm for each, respectively; p<0.05. In the sixth week of the experiment, High significance difference (p<0.01) was observed in the relative eggshell weight, as the birds of C treatment achieved the highest values (15.22%). A significance difference was observed in the relative albumen weight at the first and third weeks (p<0.01), where the birds of the C and D treatments show significance p<0.01 (54.56% and 54.55%, respectively). On the same track, the birds of the two previous treatments alternated superiority in the relative yolk weight trait at the first and fifth weeks, respectively (34.57% and 38.41% respectively). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of A. graecorum herb at levels starting from 6% led to significant increase in the qualitative characteristics of the eggs of Japanese quail.
Efficacy of Leptin and Linoleic Acid on Nuclear Succession and Early Embryos of Sheep Oocytes Hussam Aryan Acta Fytotechnica Et Zootechnica, 2024 Hormones and fatty acids play a crucial role in enhancing the yield and quality of in vitro produced embryos. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of leptin and linoleic acid in increasing the in vitro maturation rate of ovine oocytes and the resulting competence of embryos. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment aimed to investigate the nuclear status of oocytes at three maturation intervals (9, 21, and 28 hours), while the second experiment aimed to examine the cleavage rates and quality of the resulting embryos. In both experiments, the oocytes were matured in six maturation treatments, primarily consisting of TCM-199 supplemented with varying concentrations of leptin and linoleic acid. The control group, without any addition, was designated as T0, while increasing concentrations of leptin and linoleic acid were added to four treatments: T1 (50 nM.ml-1 and 10 µM, respectively), T2 (75 nM.ml-1 and 100 µM, respectively), T3 (100 nM.ml-1 and 200 µM, respectively), and T4 (150 nM.ml-1 and 1,000 µM, respectively). In the last treatment (T5), only 15% fetal calf serum was added. In comparison with the control (T0) and T5 treatments, matured oocytes in the T3 treatment achieved the highest rates of M-II (88.46% at 28 hours; p <0.001), cleavage (81.27%; p = 0.001), 2–8 cells (22.55%; p = 0.001), morula (11.27%; p = 0.04), blastocyst (66.18%; p = 0.001), and Type I embryo (47.55%; p = 0.02). In conclusion, the maturation of sheep oocytes in a combination of leptin (100 nM.ml-1) and linoleic acid (200 µM) through TCM-199 resulted in the highest rates of maturation and embryonic cleavage of excellent quality.
EFFECTIVENESS OF OVINE FOLLICULAR FLUID AND EWE AGE ON IN VITRO NUCLEAR MATURATION AND EMBRYO EVOLUTION OF AWASSI EWES Omar Mardenli, Ali A. Ibrahim, Ali S. A. Al- Tawash Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023 Two experiments were conducted to study the efficiency of the ovine follicular fluid (OFF) and the age of ewe on in vitro nuclear maturation of Awassi sheep oocytes (Experiment 1) and the subsequent stages of early embryos and their quality (Experiment 2). The OFF has been added to the basic maturation medium (TCM-199) with three different levels (A: 0% (Control group), B:15%, C:25% and D:50%) while the ages of the ewes were determined into two main groups (> 2 and 1-2 year). In the first experiment, across the two age groups, matured oocytes in C solution achieved the highest (p=0.006) rates of metaphase-II (85.70 and 82.35 % respectively). In the second experiment, oocytes belonging to > 2 and 1-2-year ewe age groups (C Solution) achieved the highest (p=0.001) rates of fertilization (23.17 and 30.73% respectively). Similar trend applies to the cleavage stage, the rates reached 35.14 and 41.27% respectively (p=0.01). No significant differences were noticed at the different stages of cleavage (2-4 cell, morula, and blastocyst). The resulting embryos of B (> 2-year ewe age group) and C solution (1-2-year age group) achieved the highest (p=0.04) rates of Type1 embryos (69.56 and 76.92% respectively). A significant difference was noticed in type2 embryos (p=0.02), embryos of the first and second age groups (Solution D) achieved the highest rates (46.15 and 33.33% respectively). It can be concluded that the adding of 25% OFF to the maturation media led to significant improvement in the rates of maturation, cleavage and type1 embryos of sheep oocytes.
Beneficial Effects of Adding a Mixture of Medicinal Herbs to Quail Diet on some Physiological and Biochemical Blood Parameters Ali Sami Amin Al-Tawash, Fallah Hassan Abdel Lattif, Ali Abd Al-Jabbar Ibrahim, Omar Mardenli Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2023 This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal production / College of Agriculture / University of Al-Qadisiyah to know the effect of using a mixture of herbs (licorice, thyme, turmeric and red pepper) on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of quail. 120 quail were used in this study. Which were randomly distributed in four treatments (2 replicates for each treatment, 15 birds for each replicate). The mixture of herbs was added to the diet in equal proportions and with different concentrations.(T1) A mixture of medicinal herbs was used at 2% of the ration (T2) A mixture of medicinal herbs was used at 4% of the ration (T3) A mixture of medicinal herbs was used at 6% of the ration (CONTROL), The mixture of medicinal herbs was used with a percentage of 0% of the feed. Feed and water were provided freely to the birds throughout the experiment period.The effect of a mixture of herbs (licorice, thyme, turmeric and red pepper) on some physiological characteristics such as the number of red cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC), types of white blood cells, the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and biochemical traits such as glucose, total protein and cholesterol concentration was studied. The results indicated that there were no significant differences between the experimental treatments (medical herbal mixture) compared with the control treatment in both eosinophil and basophil white blood cells, as well as the percentage of total protein. A significant increase (p<0.05) in (red blood cell count(RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin percentage(Hb), white blood cell count(WBC), and white lymphocyte count, in the experimental treatments (medical herbal mixture) compared with the control treatment. There was a significant decrease in both glucose and cholesterol concentration in the experimental treatments (medical herbal mixture) compared with the control treatment. From this study we conclude that the use of the medical herbal mixture led to the improvement of some of the studied traits.
EFFECT OF METHOD AND MEDIA TYPE FOR IN VITRO FERTILIZATION ON EQUINE (Equus ferus caballus) EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT Hussam Aryan, Omar Mardenli, Ioan Groza, Liviu Bogdan Veterinarski Glasnik, 2023 Demonstrating the role of in vitro fertilization in the equine family, the current study aimed to monitor the rates of equine in vitro-fertilized and cleaved oocytes based on microdroplet and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) methods. The fertilization process was carried out in four main media consisting of Tyrod?s albumin lactate pyruvate and TCM-199 (1:1): F (TCM-199); assigned for the ICSI method, FI (contained 0.01 mg/ml heparin + 0.01 ng/ml hypotaurine), FII (contained 0.3 mg/ml calcium chloride + 0.1 mg/ml magnesium chloride) and FIII (contained 0.05 mg/ml hypotaurine-epinephrine). The results indicated an increase in the fertilization rate by the ICSI method (65.71%) compared to the microdroplet method (39.25%) (p 0.04). The rates of unfertilized and degenerated oocytes in the ICSI method decreased, compared to the microdroplet method, to 8.57% and 25.72%, respectively; p< 0.001. The rate of fertilized oocytes in the FI medium increased to 47.61% (p< 0.05) compared to oocytes of FII and FIII treatments (37.64% and 30.00%, respectively). On in vitro culture, the rate of cleavage increased to 74.62% in the CI medium (SOF) compared to those in the CII medium (DMEM-F12) (61.29%); p <0.001. Zygotes cultured in the CII medium achieved a higher rate of blastocyst formation (30%) compared to those in the CI medium (26.31%); p< 0.001. Applying the ICSI method and SOF culture media led to high yields of equine embryos.
Effects of Harmful Gases Emitted from Poultry Houses on Productive and Health Performance Mahdi Saleh Mohammad Al-Kerwi, Omar Mardenli, Mohammed Rasoul Mahdi Jasim, Moustafa Abed Al-Majeed Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2022 Air pollution in the environment in which poultry is raised is one of the most serious problems facing the poultry sector across various aspects of production. Perhaps the most dangerous gas emitted from poultry houses is ammonia. The high concentrations of this gas in the air above the permissible limits (15 ppm) will have disastrous consequences. Ammonia directly affects the health and safety of birds, as it is a cause of ammonia blindness in birds accompanied by many respiratory diseases that destroy production and increase breeding costs. In addition, high concentrations of ammonia (above 20 ppm) contribute to enhancing the infection of birds with Newcastle and the bronchitis virus. In general, the greenhouse gases emitted from poultry houses included four main gases (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane and hydrogen sulphide). Studies regarding their direct effects on the health and productivity of birds have been insufficient. In the direct form, as the concentrations of greenhouse gases rise to very high limits, they cause suffocation and death., the behaviour of the greenhouse gases in the indirect effect is reflected being a source of nutritional stress and a group of diseases and parasites which lead to a decrease in productivity levels. The intensity and concentrations of gas emissions are directly related to many factors such as geographic location, the season of the year, ventilation technologies, humidity, litter quality, nutritional status and stocking density. The advances in ventilation technologies have played a key role in expelling all harmful gases, especially those that depend on negative pressure. However, greenhouse gases remain a real threat to the poultry industry in particular and to the planet’s environment in general.
Effect of Addition Stachys Lamiaceae Water Extract on Chilling Sheep Sperms Derived from the Vas Deference's Ali Abd Al-Jabbar Ibrahim, Ali Sami Amin AL-Tawash, Mohammed Rasul Mahdy, Omar Mardenli, Ghassan Al-Shammas Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2022 The main objective of this study was to find out the effect of adding Stacy’s Lamiaceae plant water extract on the traits of sperms derived from the transport channels of sheep kept cold. This study was conducted using 50 ducts of adult domestic rams slaughtered at the local Al-Shula slaughterhouse. The study was carried at the College of Agriculture, University of Al-Qadisiyah, during the period from December 2020 to March 2021. This study consists of one experiment showing the effect of adding water extract of Stachys Lamiaceae on the characteristics of chilling sperms taken from the sheep Vas Deferenses. 100 VasDeferenses were divided randomly into five groups 20 Vas deferens for each group. Spermatozoa were extracted from the Vas deferens and diluted with tris extender and egg yolk, and according to the treated groups, the control group (T1) was left untreated. The second group (T2) was added 100 international units/ml of penicillin with 100 mg/ml of streptomycin. The groups (T3;1%, T4; 2% and T5; 3%, respectively) were added to the water extract of Stachys Lamiaceae and stored in the refrigerator at 5C° for one hour across one day, two days and three days. The sperms were examined (mass activity, individual motility, progressive motility, non-progressive motility, immotile sperm, dead sperm, abnormal sperm, HOST test and water test. The results indicated a significant improvement ((P<0.05) in the parameters of sperms where sperms of T5 treatment achieved the best value compared with the control group after cold storage for one, two and three days, A significant difference was noticed (P<0.05) across the treated groups with antibiotics compared with other groups. From the current study, we conclude that the addition of the water extract of the Stachys Lamiaceae led to an improvement in the environment of sperm chilling storage, which led to an improvement in the parameters of sperm fluid.
Evaluation of the In Vitro Embryo Production of Farm Animals Under the Circumstances of Embryo Transfer Technology Omar Mardenli, Ali Sami Amin Al-Tawash, Ali Abd Al-Jabbar Ibrahim, Mahdi Salih Mohammad Al-Kerwi, Halil İbrahim Çetinkaya, Ghassan Al-Shammas Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2022 “Embryo transfer” technology is one of the deterministic techniques related to the production of in vitro or in vivo produced embryos. This technique controls to a large extent the integrity of the developmental component of early embryos and their ability to develop later until birth. Pregnancy rates resulting from the transferred embryos were widely dispersed and associated with many variables and factors. The developmental stage of early embryos had a significant impact on pregnancy rates, as most studies agreed to transfer embryos in the blastocyst and morula stages due to the high rates of pregnancy (40%-100%) compared to the blastomeres. Embryo cryopreservation technology (rapid and slow) competed to a large extent with fresh embryos in pregnancy rates, even surpassing the latter in some cases, as the percentage approached 100%. The resulting pregnancy rates varied greatly (up to 95%) according to the method of transferring and hormonal induction. The results were mainly based on the size and type of the animal on the one hand and on the nature of the biological activity and the specific function of the hormones (progesterone, prostaglandin F2α, gonadotropin - releasing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone, etc.) involved in regulating estrus in donors and recipients on the other hand. This review concluded that the embryo transfer technology has given many scenarios that cannot lead to an inevitable result in judging the efficacy of the technology of in vitro embryo production, but the results are encouraging and require further efforts.
Evaluation of the Cryopreservation Technology of Poultry Sperm: A Review Study Mahdi Saleh Mohammad, Omar Mardenli, Ali Sami Amin AL-Tawash Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2021 Abstract With the advancement of the poultry industry, the basic need for the use of cryopreservation technology of poultry sperms has emerged, given that it is the basic technology that preserves the genetic resources of different breeds and establishes genetic banks that in turn contribute to the establishment of different strains and lines. The technology of cryopreservation of sperm has encountered many considerations and obstacles, as the impressions of this technique are divided into three topics, the first impression believes that this technique is largely unsuccessful, while the second suggests a great potential in the preservation process. The third impression believes that cryopreservation is an encouraging and promising operation shortly. Similar to the cryopreservation of sperm in mammals, two methods were used in poultry: the slow and rapid freezing (vitrification). In both types, similar results were obtained where the fertility rates of the sperm did not exceed 40%. Due to the morphological and physiological differences between poultry and mammals’ sperms, three cryoprotectants have been widely used in poultry cryopreservation: dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylacetamide and glycerol, glycerol is the most widely used due to its molecular properties that contribute to maintaining the highest survival rate and fertility after freezing (high permeability and low cytotoxity). The main obstacle facing this technique remains in how to treat the remaining quantities of the aforementioned cryoprotectants, which lead to a decrease in the fertility capacity after freezing and during artificial insemination. The numerous protocols used, whether in slow or rapid freezing, greatly affected fertility rates, as both the equilibrium and freezing stages played a decisive role in obtaining the highest possible rates of fertility, vitality and survivability of the sperm after thawing. It is concluded from the current review that the cryopreservation technology of poultry sperm is still in a non-advanced stage and needs many new methods to contribute to raising the fertility capacity, vitality and survivability rates after freezing.
Evaluation of the progeny test of some productive and reproductive traits of the black australorp chicken strain under conditions of semi-intensive housing Plant Archives, 2020
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