Aparin Boris Fedorovich

Scopus Publications

Effect of Massive Forest Shelterbelts on Humus Content and Stock in Chernozems
B. F. Aparin, E. Yu. Sukhacheva, M. K. Zakharova, E. V. Mingareeva, and A. V. Koshelev
Pleiades Publishing Ltd

Natural Radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) in Soil-Forming Rocks in the European Part of Russia
E. V. Mingareeva, B. F. Aparin, S. V. Korovin, N. I. Sanzharova, and E. Yu. Sukhacheva
Pleiades Publishing Ltd

Natural Radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) in the Soil-Forming Rocks of the European Territory of Russia
Е. В. Мингареева, Б. Ф. Апарин, С. В. Коровин, Н. И. Санжарова, and Е. Ю. Сухачева
The Russian Academy of Sciences

Milestones of the history (to the 95-th anniversary of the V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute)
A. L. Ivanov and B. F. Aparin
V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute
The article considers the logic and periods of V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute development as well as the driving forces during the mentioned periods and the most important outcomes and tasks for the near future. One can distinguish four main periods in the history of the Institute, they are: organization, sustainable development, survival, revival. Some factors like scientific and organizational structure of the Institute, its contribution to the development of theoretical and applied soil science are considered as the indicators typical of each period. Firstly, the Institute structure during the initial organization period shows the priority of fundamental soil research in the leading areas: soil physics, soil chemistry, soil genesis, biology, etc. Advanced development of theoretical research allowed scientists to promptly respond to actual needs of the developing country: search for soil resources for cultivation of technical crops, development of new territories, land reclamation and hydrotechnical construction. By the 1970s a kind of sustainable scientific and organizational structure had finally formed in the Institute. In the early 90s, the Soil Science Institute entered a critical phase of development. The second decade of the XXI century became a turning point in its fate. A new strategy in the development of scientific activities of the Institute was sorely needed. The new strategy consisted of three interrelated elements. The first one was modernization of the material and technical basis for researches; the second one was strengthening of the human resources potential through attraction of motivated young researchers; and the third one was in establishing unilateral and multilateral interactions between the partners – users of scientific knowledge. The main areas of interaction were the topical issues: food security, global climate change and their implications for the country. It has been shown that society can recognize and support the scientific research only if a constant flow of information, obtained by means of different tools and methods, is provided. The significance of soil science as a fundamental discipline in the socio-economic development of the country was confirmed by the Government Resolution (2022) on the celebration of the 100-th anniversary of the V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute. The modern noosphere paradigm in soil research poses new challenges to the science, at the forefront of which is V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute.

Content of Radionuclides in Soils of the Voronezh Region
Elena Mingareeva, Boris Aparin, E. Sukhacheva, Natalia Sanzharova, Margarita Lazareva, Vitaly Terleev, and Luka Akimov
Springer International Publishing

Influence of durative drainage melioration on the soil macrofauna (The Leningrad region)
B Aparin, E Pyatina, and G Kasatkina
IOP Publishing
Abstract The soil-zoological research took place in 2018 on the territory of the soil-hydromeliorative station “Malinovsky” of Lisinsky educational-experimental forest farm (Tosnensky district, Leningrad region, Russia) which was drained in 1973-1974. The purpose of this research is a comparative evaluation of the density of the population and taxonometric variety of eco-functional groups of macrofauna on the Gleysols Histic Drainic after 45 year draining period and the similar biotop without drainage. The constitution of group and species and the trophic structure of soil macrofauna have been researched. 118 individuals of geobionts out of 3 types and 6 classes have been collected. It’s been stated that zoophages are the trophic dominating group. After 45 year draining period a poor groups and species constitution, a low number of large soil invertebrates and a small share of saprophages have survived which corresponds to the fauna of the soil in oligotrophic bogs.

Radial growth of Scots pine and Norway spruce stands as an indicator of soil and environmental conditions
B Aparin, B Babikov, D Zolotukhin, and E Mingareeva
IOP Publishing
Abstract The study presents an analysis of radial growth of Scots pine and Norway spruce trees growing on drained soils formed on varved clays at the sample sites of the Lisino Experimental Forestry (Lisino). Based on dendrochronological studies in Lisino, it has been found that the radial growth of Scots pine and Norway spruce is a sensitive indicator of changes in the soil water regime, climate, and phytocenotic relationships. On the basis of the character of tree-ring width growth, the growth charts allowed distinguishing zones with close to average growth values, as well as with increased and decreased values of radial growth. The cyclical pattern of tree ring width is well expressed in the successive change of zones. The availability of dendrochronological research materials with precise spatial and temporal reference makes it possible to organize monitoring of radial growth of trees as an indicator of changes in climate and habitat conditions.

Assessment and forecast of changes in the soil cover of anthropogenically transformed landscapes
E Y Sukhacheva and B F Aparin
IOP Publishing
Changes in the soil and soil cover under various types of anthropogenic impact are described. Trends of the development of anthropogenically transformed and anthropogenic soil cover patterns that occur in the Northwest of Russia have been studied. Transforming soils, intercomponent links, and natural factors of soil cover differentiation, humans either change their characteristics while maintaining the major trend or open a new branch of the land cover evolution.

Natural radionuclides in soils of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago (Severny Island)
E V Mingareeva, B F Aparin, N I Sanzharova, and A G Ryumin
IOP Publishing
The article presents the results of a study of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) content in the soils of the Severny Island of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago that were sampled prior to the first nuclear tests. The humus content in the soils varies from 1.4 to 6.5%. Soil pH levels vary from moderately acidic (4.7) to neutral (6.5). Fine soils are characterized by a light particle size distribution with a predominance of 0.25-0.05 mm and 0.05-0.0.1 mm fractions. The total volume of these fractions reaches 81-94%, which indicates the predominance of primary minerals and a low content of secondary (basic sorbents of natural radionuclides) minerals in soil. The content of radionuclides in soils is as follows: 226Ra: 11.9 ±5.1 (5.7-19.8) Bq/kg; 232Th: 13.6 ± 7.4 (3.0-19.1) Bq/kg; 40K: 302 ± 100 (224–493) Bq/kg. No Caesium-137 has been observed in the analyzed soils.

Recognition (to the 175-th anniversary of the birth of V. V. Dokuchaev)
B. F. Aparin and M. K. Zakharova
V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute
The article is dedicated to the assessment and the recognition of the merits of V.V. Dokuchaev in different periods. We have divided the stages of the evaluation into three periods, the boundaries of which are taken by the memorable dates since the birth of Dokuchaev (100, 150, 175 years). The recognition of Dokuchaev's merits in each period took different forms and depended on the subject under assessment (what was assessed) and the evaluating subject (who made an assessment). The first period is based on the perception of his contemporaries. In the history of natural science, it is hardly possible to find any other scientist, whose works so seamlessly combined theoretical research with its practical application. Dokuchaev's scientific achievements were highly appreciated in Russia and abroad (gold medal of the International Geographical Congress in Paris, special gratitude from the Imperial Free Economic Society, full Makariev Prize of the Imperial Free Economic Society, full Makariev Prize of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Grand Prix of the World Exhibition in Paris and others). The high state recognition of Dokuchaev is evidenced by the presence of the orders of St. Stanislav and St. Anna. The second period of recognition is associated with the triumph of the scientist's ideas, which were almost completely realized in Russia: a network of research and educational institutions and experimental stations were created, large-scale soil research was carried out, a plan for the transformation of nature was implemented. During this period, events were organized that included: the installation of a monument and a memorial plaque in St. Petersburg, the establishment of a gold medal and an award named after V.V. Dokuchaev, the establishment of grants in universities, the creation of the Central Soil Museum named after V.V. Dokuchaev. The third period is rather a tribute to the scientific merits of the scientist. The highest award of the International Union of Soil Scientists is established (2002); a documentary film dedicated to the 165-th anniversary of the birth of the scientist is released; exhibitions are organized on memorable dates. As recognition of the merits in the creation of a scientific school of fundamental soil science, a scientific conference “Docuchaev conference for young scientists” is organized and held annually.

Content of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs) in soils of the North-West region of Russia formed on three types of soil forming rocks
Elena Mingareeva, Boris Aparin, Elena Sukhacheva, Natalia Sanzharova, Evgeny Shevchuk, Vitaly Terleev, Aleksandr Nikonorov, and Luka Akimov
EDP Sciences
The results of a study of the content of natural radionuclides (NR) (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) and technogenic 137Cs in soil samples formed on the most common types of soil-forming rocks of the North-West: lakeglacial (non-boulder and tape clay), glacial and water-glacial deposits are presented. Soil sections laid in the Pskov, Novgorod and Leningrad regions. The granulometric composition in the upper part of the soil profile is lighter than in the parent rock. This is reflected in the NR content in the profile of these soils: with a decrease in the fractions of physical clay and silt, the content of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K decreases. This is due to the fixation of natural radionuclides by secondary clay minerals. According to the increase in the average specific activity of all NRs, the soils form the following sequence: soils on water-glacial deposits soils on moraines - soils on lake-glacial deposits. A comparison of the average specific activity of natural radionuclides and their ranges in the upper part of the soil (0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm) and in the parent rock (90-100 cm) revealed a higher content of radionuclides in parent rocks (lake-glacial and moraine deposits). In the soils on water-glacial deposits, no significant difference was found.

Soil structure of sand quarries territory
Yulia Timofeeva, Elena Sukhacheva, Boris Aparin, Vitaly Terleev, Aleksandr Nikonorov, and Luka Akimov
EDP Sciences
Anthropogenic activities are one of the leading factors of soil differentiation. Significant changes in the soil cover occur as a result of the construction of quarries. The mining industry causes the complete degradation of soils in large areas, the change of the natural soil cover and elevation around the quarries, the destruction of vegetation, disturbs biodiversity of the territory and the death of ecosystems. Soil cover structures of mining quarries have been considered on the example of the Leningrad region such as a natural conditions and environmental peculiarities typical for the whole Russian North-West area. Decoding and diagnostic signs of anthropogenic transformed soils were determined. The type and degree of transformation of the component composition, the contrast and heterogeneity of the soil cover, intercomponent connections, the shape and figure of the internal organization of the of soil cover structures have been identified. The complexity of the anthropogenic transformed soils cover is illustrated by “key site”.

Methodology of estimation of forest-growing potential of soils and its approbation on the example of the Leningrad Region, Russian Federation
Boris Aparin, Maria Zakharova, Elena Sukhacheva, Vitaly Terleev, Aleksandr Nikonorov, and Luka Akimov
EDP Sciences
A progressive growth of anthropogenic soils and non-soil formations in the soil cover of the taiga forest zone and a general decrease in the ecological potential of soils necessitate the development of policies for the rational use of soil resources. The analysis of approaches to forest vegetation assessment of soils is carried out. The concepts of specific and resource potentials are introduced, and our own methodology for their assessment is developed. The methodology for calculating potentials was tested on the example of the Leningrad region, typical of the North-West of the European part of Russia and the North of the Russian Plain. Natural soil areas were calculated using a digital soil map. The analysis of changes in forest growing potential of soils is carried out from the beginning of intensive development of the territory to the modern period. These calculations can form the basis for assessing the potential contribution of the region to ensuring the reproduction of forest resources.

Organic matter of sediments of South Chukotka
Boris Aparin, Alexander Grabovsky, Elena Sukhacheva, Elena Mingareeva, Svetlana Janson, Evgeny Shevchuk, Vitaly Terleev, Aleksandr Nikonorov, and Luka Akimov
EDP Sciences
The article discusses data on paleosol, mineralogy, and paleobotany obtained as a result of studying material collected from the Maastricht-Early Paleocene sediments of the Tanyurer Formation of South Chukotka. The burial of organic matter in the sedimentary rock of the Tanyurer Formation is associated with deflationary processes during the period of activation of volcanic activity. On the drained volcanic plateau of soil formation, a sod humus-accumulative process prevailed under the steppe vegetation. Humic substance dispersed in sedimentary rock was represented by a group of humins resistant to microbial decomposition. As a result of exposure to high pressures and temperatures, the colloidal form of humus was transformed into kerogen. Organic compounds (cellulose, lignin) in the plant tissue of buried tree trunks were replaced by silicon compounds. Weathering processes have affected the thin surface layer of dense sedimentary rock. Under the influence of the temperature and humidity gradient, loosening of loose rock and disintegration of clots of colloidal forms of humus occurred.

New reading
Boris F. Aparin
V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute
The article provides the summary analysis of the content of the monograph “Soils of the Republic of Belarus” published in 2019 in Minsk. The book is a synthesis of the main achievements of scientific thought in the field of theoretical and applied soil science. It represents the new reading of the accumulated works over the past 40 years in the field of genetic research, soil mapping and land assessment. The monograph “Soils of the Republic of Belarus” will attract a lot of attention of specialists and scientists of various natural science profiles, as well as of practitioners who constantly work in the field.

Structure of microbial community in forest and anthropogenic changed soils of megalopolis (St. petersburg, Russia)
Boris F. Aparin, Elena Yu. Sukhacheva, Arina A. Kichko, Evgeny E. Andronov, and Yaroslavna V. Valchenko
Springer International Publishing

Soil Cover Patterns in Anthropogenically Transformed Landscapes of Leningrad Oblast
E. U. Sukhacheva and B. F. Aparin
Pleiades Publishing Ltd

Humus Horizons of Soils in Urban Ecosystems
B. F. Aparin, E. Yu. Sukhacheva, A. M. Bulysheva, and M. A. Lazareva
Pleiades Publishing Ltd

Concentrations of Radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs) in Chernozems of Volgograd Oblast Sampled in Different Years
B. F. Aparin, E. V. Mingareeva, N. I. Sanzharova, and E. Yu. Sukhacheva
Pleiades Publishing Ltd

The preservation of microbial DNA in archived soils of various genetic types
Ekaterina A. Ivanova, Ilia O. Korvigo, Boris F. Aparin, Evgenii L. Chirak, Elizaveta V. Pershina, Nikolay S. Romaschenko, Nikolai A. Provorov, and Evgeny E. Andronov
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
This study is a comparative analysis of samples of archived (stored for over 70–90 years) and modern soils of two different genetic types–chernozem and sod-podzolic soils. We revealed a reduction in biodiversity of archived soils relative to their modern state. Particularly, long-term storage in the museum exerted a greater impact on the microbiomes of sod-podzolic soils, while chernozem samples better preserved the native community. Thus, the persistence of microbial DNA in soil is largely determined by the physico-chemical characteristics that differ across soil types. Chernozems create better conditions for the long-term DNA preservation than sod-podzolic soils. This results in supposedly higher levels of biodiversity conservation in the microbiomes of chernozem with preservation of major microbial taxa dominant in the modern (control) soil samples, which makes archived chernozems a promising object for paleosoil studies.

Buried paleosols of the Upper Paleolithic multilayered site Kostenki-1
B. F. Aparin, N. I. Platonova, E. Yu. Sukhacheva, and A. E. Dudin
Pleiades Publishing Ltd

Analysis of the indices of acidity in the soil profile and their relationship with pedogenesis
Yu. A. Kokotov, E. Yu. Sukhacheva, and B. F. Aparin
Pleiades Publishing Ltd

Acidity field of soils as ion-exchange systems and the diagnostics of genetic soil horizons
Yu. A. Kokotov, E. Yu. Sukhacheva, and B. F. Aparin
Pleiades Publishing Ltd

Principles of soil mapping of a megalopolis with St. Petersburg as an example
B. F. Aparin and E. Yu. Sukhacheva
Pleiades Publishing Ltd

Climatically driven loss of calcium in steppe soil as a sink for atmospheric carbon
A. G. Lapenis, G. B. Lawrence, S. W. Bailey, B. F. Aparin, A. I. Shiklomanov, N. A. Speranskaya, M. S. Torn, and M. Calef
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
During the last several thousand years the semi‐arid, cold climate of the Russian steppe formed highly fertile soils rich in organic carbon and calcium (classified as Chernozems in the Russian system). Analysis of archived soil samples collected in Kemannaya Steppe Preserve in 1920, 1947, 1970, and fresh samples collected in 1998 indicated that the native steppe Chernozems, however, lost 17–28 kg m−2 of calcium in the form of carbonates in 1970–1998. Here we demonstrate that the loss of calcium was caused by fundamental shift in the steppe hydrologic balance. Previously unleached soils where precipitation was less than potential evapotranspiration are now being leached due to increased precipitation and, possibly, due to decreased actual evapotranspiration. Because this region receives low levels of acidic deposition, the dissolution of carbonates involves the consumption of atmospheric CO2. Our estimates indicate that this climatically driven terrestrial sink of atmospheric CO2 is ∼2.1–7.4 g C m−2 a−1. In addition to the net sink of atmospheric carbon, leaching of pedogenic carbonates significantly amplified seasonal amplitude of CO2 exchange between atmosphere and steppe soil.

Aparin Boris Fedorovich

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Scopus Publications