The remarkable impact of Opuntia Ficus Indica fruit administration on metabolic syndrome: Correlations between cognitive functions, oxidative stress and lipid dysmetabolism in the high-fat, diet-fed rat model Danila Di Majo, Nicolò Ricciardi, Valentina Di Liberto, Mario Allegra, Monica Frinchi, Giulia Urone, Miriana Scordino, Alessandro Massaro, Giuseppa Mudò, Giuseppe Ferraro, Pierangelo Sardo, Giuseppe Giglia, Giuditta Gambino Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 2024 BACKGROUND: A wealth of evidence underscores the bioactive properties of nutraceuticals and functional foods in addressing oxyinflammatory-based diseases with implications at both peripheral and central levels. Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) is well-documented for its health-promoting attributes, though its fruit (OFIF) remains relatively understudied. Not only poses Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) cardiometabolic risks but also contributes significantly to cognitive impairment, especially in crucial brain areas such as hippocampus and hypothalamus. METHODS: Following 8 weeks of HFD to induce MetS, rats received OFIF oral supplementation for 4 weeks to evaluate cognitive and affective modifications using behavioural paradigms, i.e. open field, burrowing, white-dark box, novelty-suppressed feeding, and object recognition tests. Our investigation extended to biochemical evaluations of lipid homeostasis, central and peripheral oxidative stress and neurotrophic pathways, correlating these measures together with circulating leptin levels. RESULTS: Our data revealed that OFIF modulation of leptin positively correlates with systemic and brain oxidative stress, with markers of increased anxiety-like behaviour and impaired lipid homeostasis. On the other hand, leptin levels reduced by OFIF are associated with improved antioxidant barriers, declarative memory and neurotrophic signalling. DISCUSSION: This study underscores OFIF neuroactive potential in the context of MetS-associated cognitive impairment, offering insights into its mechanisms and implications for future therapeutic strategies.
An upstream enhancer and MEF2 transcription factors fine-tune the regulation of the Bdnf gene in cortical and hippocampal neurons Annela Avarlaid, Kaisa Falkenberg, Karin Lehe, Giuseppa Mudò, Natale Belluardo, Valentina Di Liberto, Monica Frinchi, Jürgen Tuvikene, Tõnis Timmusk Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2024 The myocyte enhancer factor (MEF2) family of transcription factors, originally discovered for its pivotal role in muscle development and function, has emerged as an essential regulator in various aspects of brain development and neuronal plasticity. The MEF2 transcription factors are known to regulate numerous important genes in the nervous system, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a small secreted neurotrophin responsible for promoting the survival, growth, and differentiation of neurons. The expression of the Bdnf gene is spatiotemporally controlled by various transcription factors binding to both its proximal and distal regulatory regions. While previous studies have investigated the connection between MEF2 transcription factors and Bdnf, the endogenous function of MEF2 factors in the transcriptional regulation of Bdnf remains largely unknown. Here, we aimed to deepen the knowledge of MEF2 transcription factors and their role in the regulation of Bdnf comparatively in rat cortical and hippocampal neurons. As a result, we demonstrate that the MEF2 transcription factor-dependent enhancer located at -4.8 kb from the Bdnf gene regulates the endogenous expression of Bdnf in hippocampal neurons. In addition, we confirm neuronal activity-dependent activation of the -4.8 kb enhancer in vivo. Finally, we show that specific MEF2 family transcription factors have unique roles in the regulation of Bdnf, with the specific function varying based on the particular brain region and stimuli. Altogether, we present MEF2 family transcription factors as crucial regulators of Bdnf expression, fine-tuning Bdnf expression through both distal and proximal regulatory regions.
Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Grapefruit IntegroPectin on Human Microglial HMC3 Cell Line Miriana Scordino, Giulia Urone, Monica Frinchi, Chiara Valenza, Angela Bonura, Chiara Cipollina, Rosaria Ciriminna, Francesco Meneguzzo, Mario Pagliaro, Giuseppa Mudò, Valentina Di Liberto Cells, 2024 In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of grapefruit IntegroPectin, derived from industrial waste grapefruit peels via hydrodynamic cavitation, on microglia cells exposed to oxidative stress conditions. Grapefruit IntegroPectin fully counteracted cell death and the apoptotic process induced by cell exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH), a powerful hydroperoxide. The protective effects of the grapefruit IntegroPectin were accompanied with a decrease in the amount of ROS, and were strictly dependent on the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt cascade. Finally, IntegroPectin treatment inhibited the neuroinflammatory response and the basal microglia activation by down-regulating the PI3K- nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB)- inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) cascade. These data strongly support further investigations aimed at exploring IntegroPectin’s therapeutic role in in vivo models of neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by a combination of chronic neurodegeneration, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
CNPY2 protects against ER stress and is expressed by corticostriatal neurons together with CTIP2 in a mouse model of Huntington’s disease Miriana Scordino, Polina Stepanova, Vignesh Srinivasan, Dan Duc Pham, Ove Eriksson, Maciej Lalowski, Giuseppa Mudò, Valentina Di Liberto, Laura Korhonen, Merja H. Voutilainen, Dan Lindholm Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 2024 Canopy Homolog 2 (CNPY2) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized protein belonging to the CNPY gene family. We show here that CNPY2 is protective against ER stress induced by tunicamycin in neuronal cells. Overexpression of CNPY2 enhanced, while downregulation of CNPY2 using shRNA expression, reduced the viability of neuroblastoma cells after tunicamycin. Likewise, recombinant CNPY2 increased survival of cortical neurons in culture after ER stress. CNPY2 reduced the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) branch of ER stress and decreased the expression of CCAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Homologous Protein (CHOP) involved in cell death. Immunostaining using mouse brain sections revealed that CNPY2 is expressed by cortical and striatal neurons and is co-expressed with the transcription factor, COUPTF-interacting protein 2 (CTIP2). In transgenic N171-82Q mice, as a model for Huntington’s disease (HD), the number of CNPY2-immunopositive neurons was increased in the cortex together with CTIP2. In the striatum, however, the number of CNPY2 decreased at 19 weeks of age, representing a late-stage of pathology. Striatal cells in culture were shown to be more susceptible to ER stress after downregulation of CNPY2. These results demonstrate that CNPY2 is expressed by corticostriatal neurons involved in the regulation of movement. CNPY2 enhances neuronal survival by reducing ER stress and is a promising factor to consider in HD and possibly in other brain diseases.
Impact of “Golden” tomato juice on cognitive alterations in metabolic syndrome: Insights into behavioural and biochemical changes in a high-fat diet rat model Giuditta Gambino, Monica Frinchi, Giuseppe Giglia, Miriana Scordino, Giulia Urone, Giuseppe Ferraro, Giuseppa Mudò, Pierangelo Sardo, Danila Di Majo, Valentina Di Liberto Journal of Functional Foods, 2024 “Golden” tomato (GT) plays a protective role in metabolic dysfunction induced by High-Fat Diet (HFD). Our aim is to characterize the phytonutrient composition of the juice and explore the influence of GT, orally administered for one month, on cognitive impairment associated with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in male rats. We investigated reactivity, stress response and memory, together with brain neurotrophic/inflammatory signaling. Our data showed that HFD-induced functional modifications were ameliorated by GT nutritional supplementation. In particular, the behavioural reactivity improved in HFD/GT rats, that also showed a better performance in tests measuring anxiety and anhedonia. Furthermore, GT consumption rescued the declarative memory impairment. Lastly, GT supplementation counteracted HFD-induced brain alterations in PI3K\Akt and MAPK/ERK signalling pathways. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the importance of food supplementation with GT in the protection from neuroinflammation and cognitive alterations associated with MetS.
Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Role of Oxotremorine-M, a Non-selective Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Agonist, in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer Disease Domenico Nuzzo, Monica Frinchi, Costanza Giardina, Miriana Scordino, Mariachiara Zuccarini, Chiara De Simone, Marta Di Carlo, Natale Belluardo, Giuseppa Mudò, Valentina Di Liberto Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 2023 Alzheimer disease (AD) is a multifactorial and age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder, whose pathogenesis, classically associated with the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, is also dependent on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation chronicization. Currently, the standard symptomatic therapy, based on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, showed a limited therapeutic potential, whereas disease-modifying treatment strategies are still under extensive research. Previous studies have demonstrated that Oxotremorine-M (Oxo), a non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptors agonist, exerts neurotrophic functions in primary neurons, and modulates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation phenomena in rat brain. In the light of these findings, in this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Oxo treatment in an in vitro model of AD, represented by differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to Aβ1-42 peptide. The results demonstrated that Oxo treatment enhances cell survival, increases neurite length, and counteracts DNA fragmentation induced by Aβ1-42 peptide. The same treatment was also able to block oxidative stress and mitochondria morphological/functional impairment associated with Aβ1-42 cell exposure. Overall, these results suggest that Oxo, by modulating cholinergic neurotransmission, survival, oxidative stress response, and mitochondria functionality, may represent a novel multi-target drug able to achieve a therapeutic synergy in AD. Graphical Abstract Illustration of the main pathological hallmarks and mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis, including neurodegeneration and oxidative stress, efficiently counteracted by treatment with Oxo, which may represent a promising therapeutic molecule. Created with BioRender.com under academic license.
Manipulation of HSP70-SOD1 Expression Modulates SH-SY5Y Differentiation and Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress-Dependent Cell Damage: Involvement in Oxotremorine-M-Mediated Neuroprotective Effects Miriana Scordino, Monica Frinchi, Giulia Urone, Domenico Nuzzo, Giuseppa Mudò, Valentina Di Liberto Antioxidants, 2023 The differentiation of neural progenitors is a complex process that integrates different signals to drive transcriptional changes, which mediate metabolic, electrophysiological, and morphological cellular specializations. Understanding these adjustments is essential within the framework of stem cell and cancer research and therapy. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, widely used in neurobiology research, can be differentiated into neuronal-like cells through serum deprivation and retinoic acid (RA) supplementation. In our study, we observed that the differentiation process triggers the expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70). Notably, inhibition of HSP70 expression by KNK437 causes a dramatic increase in cell death. While undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells show a dose-dependent decrease in cell survival following exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), differentiated cells become resistant to H2O2-induced cell death. Interestingly, the differentiation process enhances the expression of SOD1 protein, and inhibition of HSP70 expression counteracts this effect and increases the susceptibility of differentiated cells to H2O2-induced cell death, suggesting that the cascade HSP70-SOD1 is involved in promoting survival against oxidative stress-dependent damage. Treatment of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells with Oxotremorine-M (Oxo), a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, enhances the expression of HSP70 and SOD1 and counteracts tert–Butyl hydroperoxide-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. It is worth noting that co-treatment with KNK437 reduces SOD1 expression and Oxo-induced protection against oxidative stress damage, suggesting the involvement of HSP70/SOD1 signaling in this beneficial effect. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that manipulation of the HSP70 signal modulates SH-SY5Y differentiation and susceptibility to oxidative stress-dependent cell death and unravels novel mechanisms involved in Oxo neuroprotective functions. Altogether these data provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying neuronal differentiation and preservation under stress conditions.
Downregulation of the Astroglial Connexin Expression and Neurodegeneration after Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Anna Andrioli, Paolo Francesco Fabene, Giuseppa Mudò, Vincenza Barresi, Valentina Di Liberto, Monica Frinchi, Marina Bentivoglio, Daniele Filippo Condorelli International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023 Astrocytic networks and gap junctional communication mediated by connexins (Cxs) have been repeatedly implicated in seizures, epileptogenesis, and epilepsy. However, the effect of seizures on Cx expression is controversial. The present study focused on the response of Cxs to status epilepticus (SE), which is in turn an epileptogenic insult. The expression of neuronal Cx36 and astrocytic Cx30 and Cx43 mRNAs was investigated in the brain of rats in the first day after pilocarpine-induced SE. In situ hybridization revealed a progressive decrease in Cx43 and Cx30 mRNA levels, significantly marked 24 h after SE onset in neocortical areas and the hippocampus, and in most thalamic domains, whereas Cx36 mRNA did not exhibit obvious changes. Regional evaluation with quantitative real-time-RT-PCR confirmed Cx43 and Cx30 mRNA downregulation 24 h after SE, when ongoing neuronal cell death was found in the same brain regions. Immunolabeling showed at the same time point marked a decrease in Cx43, microglia activation, and interleukin-1β induction in some microglial cells. The data showed a transient downregulation of astroglial Cxs in the cortical and thalamic areas in which SE triggers neurodegenerative events in concomitance with microglia activation and cytokine expression. This could potentially represent a protective response of neuroglial networks to SE-induced acute damage.
New neuroprotective effect of lemon integropectin on neuronal cellular model Domenico Nuzzo, Pasquale Picone, Costanza Giardina, Miriana Scordino, Giuseppa Mudò, Mario Pagliaro, Antonino Scurria, Francesco Meneguzzo, Laura M. Ilharco, Alexandra Fidalgo, Rosa Alduina, Alessandro Presentato, Rosaria Ciriminna, Valentina Di Liberto Antioxidants, 2021
Guanosine-mediated anxiolytic-like effect: Interplay with adenosine a1 and a2a receptors Monica Frinchi, Vincenzo Verdi, Fulvio Plescia, Francisco Ciruela, Maria Grillo, Roberta Garozzo, Daniele F. Condorelli, Patrizia Di Iorio, Francesco Caciagli, Renata Ciccarelli, Natale Belluardo, Valentina Di Liberto, Giuseppa Mudò International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020
Altered gastrointestinal motility in an animal model of Lesch-Nyhan disease Maria G. Zizzo, Monica Frinchi, Domenico Nuzzo, Hyder A. Jinnah, Giuseppa Mudò, Daniele F. Condorelli, Francesco Caciagli, Renata Ciccarelli, Patrizia Di Iorio, Flavia Mulè, Natale Belluardo, Rosa Serio Autonomic Neuroscience Basic and Clinical, 2018
Mild Aerobic Exercise Training Hardly Affects the Diaphragm of mdx Mice Giuseppe Morici, Monica Frinchi, Alessandro Pitruzzella, Valentina Di Liberto, Rosario Barone, Andrea Pace, Valentina Di Felice, Natale Belluardo, Francesco Cappello, Giuseppa Mudò, Maria R. Bonsignore Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2017
Lack of Dystrophin Affects Bronchial Epithelium in mdx Mice Giuseppe Morici, Francesca Rappa, Francesco Cappello, Elisabetta Pace, Andrea Pace, Giuseppa Mudò, Grazia Crescimanno, Natale Belluardo, Maria R. Bonsignore Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2016
The guanine-based purinergic system: The tale of an orphan neuromodulation Valentina Di Liberto, Giuseppa Mudò, Roberta Garozzo, Monica Frinchi, Víctor Fernandez-Dueñas, Patrizia Di Iorio, Renata Ciccarelli, Francesco Caciagli, Daniele F. Condorelli, Francisco Ciruela, Natale Belluardo Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2016
Activation of mGlu3 receptors stimulates the production of GDNF in striatal neurons Giuseppe Battaglia, Gemma Molinaro, Barbara Riozzi, Marianna Storto, Carla L. Busceti, Paola Spinsanti, Domenico Bucci, Valentina Di Liberto, Giuseppina Mudò, Corrado Corti, Mauro Corsi, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Natale Belluardo, Valeria Bruno Plos One, 2009
Expression of Connexin36 in the adult and developing rat brain Natale Belluardo, Giuseppa Mudò, Angela Trovato-Salinaro, Sabine Le Gurun, Anne Charollais, Véronique Serre-Beinier, Giuseppe Amato, Jacques-Antoine Haefliger, Paolo Meda, Daniele F Condorelli Brain Research, 2000
Hypothalamic control of the generation of mature natural killer lymphocytes in bone marrow and spleen of the mouse Natural Immunity and Cell Growth Regulation, 1990
Labeling index and mean number of labeled cells in glandular tubules of the small intestine in DBA/2 mice after electrothermocoagulation of nuclei of the median hypothalamus Bollettino Della Societa Italiana Di Biologia Sperimentale, 1985
Polyamines content in liver, spleen and L1210 ascites tumor after radiofrequency destruction of the tuberoinfundibular region of hypothalamus in DBA/2 mice Italian Journal of Biochemistry, 1985
Dental caries study in rats exposed to electrothermocoagulation of the ventromedial area of the hypothalamus Minerva Stomatologica, 1983
Growth and doubling time of the L1210 ascites tumor in DBA/2 mice after electrothermocoagulation of the tuberoinfundibular region of the hypothalamus Bollettino Della Societa Italiana Di Biologia Sperimentale, 1983
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The remarkable impact of Opuntia Ficus Indica fruit administration on metabolic syndrome: Correlations between cognitive functions, oxidative stress and lipid dysmetabolism in … D Di Majo, N Ricciardi, V Di Liberto, M Allegra, M Frinchi, G Urone, ... Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 177, 117028 , 2024 2024 Citations: 10
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An upstream enhancer and MEF2 transcription factors fine-tune the regulation of the Bdnf gene in cortical and hippocampal neurons A Avarlaid, K Falkenberg, K Lehe, G Mudò, N Belluardo, V Di Liberto, ... Journal of Biological Chemistry 300 (6), 107411 , 2024 2024 Citations: 11
Anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of grapefruit IntegroPectin on human microglial HMC3 cell line M Scordino, G Urone, M Frinchi, C Valenza, A Bonura, C Cipollina, ... Cells 13 (4), 355 , 2024 2024 Citations: 12
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Impact of “Golden” tomato juice on cognitive alterations in metabolic syndrome: Insights into behavioural and biochemical changes in a high-fat diet rat model G Gambino, M Frinchi, G Giglia, M Scordino, G Urone, G Ferraro, G Mudo, ... Journal of Functional Foods 112, 105964 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
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Manipulation of HSP70-SOD1 expression modulates SH-SY5Y differentiation and susceptibility to oxidative stress-dependent cell damage: involvement in oxotremorine-M-mediated … M Scordino, M Frinchi, G Urone, D Nuzzo, G Mudò, V Di Liberto Antioxidants 12 (3), 687 , 2023 2023 Citations: 10
Downregulation of the astroglial connexin expression and neurodegeneration after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus A Andrioli, PF Fabene, G Mudò, V Barresi, V Di Liberto, M Frinchi, ... International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24 (1), 23 , 2022 2022 Citations: 8
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