Stability Indicating Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation of Azilsartan and Chlorthalidone in their Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by RP-UPLC Upender Rao Eslawath, Kannappan Kannappan N, Venkateshwarlu Venkateshwarlu L, Anton Smith A Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 2024 Abstract: Aim: The present study is aimed towards developing and validating novel RP-UPLC analytical method for the analysis of Azilsartan and Chlorthalidone in their pharmaceutical formulations and to carry out stability studies by forced degradation to ascertain the stability of selected drugs. The proposed method was challenging as the method used in the study is novel for the estimation of antihypertensive drugs. Materials and Methods: The solubility studies of Azilsartan and Chlorthalidone were carried out at 25°C using various solvents and buffers. The solubility studies revealed that the selected drugs were soluble in methanol, water and acetonitrile. Hence, a mobile phase system consisting of Acetonitrile: Water: Methanol in the ratio of 20: 40: 40 v/v/v is used. The analysis of the drugs is accomplished using Phenomenex C18 column (4.5 µm, 250 × 2.2 mm ID) at 258 nm. Results and Discussion: The method developed is then validated according to the guidelines of ICH. The analysis results reveal that, method developed is within the acceptance limits for all the validated parameters. The forced degradation studies revealed that 9.9% of Azilsartan degradation is observed in peroxide presence and 5.6% of Chlorthalidone degradation is observed in the presence of acid solution. Summary and Conclusion: From the results of the study for the selected drugs, the sample recoveries in all the formulations were within the limits, hence the proposed method can be conveniently and easily adopted to the determination of Chlorthalidone and Azilsartan in combined formulation. Keywords: Liquid Chromatography, Azilsartan, Forced degradation, Validation, Chlorthalidone.
Phytochemical analysis, in-vitro antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of Flaveria trinervia ethanolic extract Anju A. Varghese, Anton Smith A., Sreejith M. Biomedicine India, 2023 Introduction and Aim: Crude herbal drugs and commercial extracts obtained from plant sources continue to play a significant role in healthcare, particularly in developing countries where traditional medicine practices are deeply rooted. The aim of the study was to estimate the antioxidant (DPPH) and cytotoxic effects of the ethanolic extract of Flaveria trinervia on raw 246.7 cells. Materials and Methods: In the Indian town of Thoothukudi's Kovilpatti village, F. trinervia was isolated. The entire plant was air-dried before being crushed, and 1 kg of the powdered ethanolic extract was employed in the Soxhlet apparatus for continuous extraction. By utilizing GC-MS analysis, F. trinervia ethanolic extract phytochemical assessment was studied. The antioxidant potential of F. trinervia was examined using the DPPH test. Raw 246.7 cell lines were used to test the ethanolic extract of F. trinervia for cytotoxic activity. Results: F. trinervia extracts were found to contain a variety of biologically active phytoconstituents, including ergosterol, octadecanoic acid, propanoic acid, and isopropyl palmitate, according to phytochemical analysis. Compared to the negative control, the ethanolic extract of F. trinervia considerably showed antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. Ascorbic acid antioxidant activity with DPPH was 98.12%, whereas F.trinervia ethanolic extract's antioxidant activity was 78.91%. The anticancer efficacy of F. trinervia ethanolic extract against uncultured 246.7 cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. By charting cell viability vs extract concentration, the IC50 value was determined. The MTT assay identified raw cells IC50 at 24 hrs as 200 µg/mL of ethanolic F. trinervia extract. Conclusion: Active phytoconstituents are present in the F. trinervia whole plant ethanolic extract. Because of the presence of phytoconstituents, the extracts have excellent antioxidant activity and good cytotoxicity activity against raw 246.7 cell lines. The study recommended using whole plant extract from F. trinervia to treat several metabolic diseases.
Artificial ripening of banana-an overview M. Mouli Chandar, A. Anton Smith Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2019 Ripening of banana fruits was carried out by different methodologies like naturally, stressed by fumes, placing in hot condition, using calcium carbide, calcium chloride, potash, ethylene, ethereal, ethylene glycol, methyl jasmonate, etc. The objective of the study is aimed to review on artificial ripening of banana and its physicochemical changes, benefits and harmful effect caused by ripening methods. Artificial ripening of banana is experimented by fumigation and its results on morphological and physiological changes like colour, sweetness, firmness, acceptability have been observed. Various harmful effects or toxicity which is caused by artificial ripening agents are also studied. This purpose of this article is to showcase the most toxic to least or nil toxic agents and to portray the best acceptable methods of artificial ripening of banana. It was found evidence that natural method of artificial ripening gives beneficial effects without toxicity whereas stress induced or chemically induced artificial ripening leads to changes in active components that may lead to physiological malfunctioning of human beings. It was found that the order of beneficial effect is declined by natural > ethylene > ethrel with sodium hydroxide > methyl jasmonate > ethephon > calcium chloride > ethylene glycol > calcium carbide.
Development of analytical method and validation for nadolol in pure and pharmaceutical formulations using UV-spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry using hydrochloric acid Journal of Global Pharma Technology, 2019
In vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of cnidoscolus chayamansa Mc Vaugh (Euphorbiaceae) International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2017
Phytochemical investigation and antioxidant activities of albizia saman flowers Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Case study of adverse event following immunization of diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus vaccineinduced encephalopathy in an infant Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2016
In-Silico design, synthesis and in vitro antitubercular activity of novel 1, 2, 4 - Triazole derivatives International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014
Stability study of chitosan nanoparticles containing some antiretroviral drugs Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2014
Colloidal dispersions as a potential nasal drug delivery system for ondansetron hydrochloride - In Vitro and In Vivo properties Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2014
Insilico design of pyrazole derivatives as DPP IV inhibitors International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013
Formulation development and evaluation of Ondansetron hydrochloride nasal spray International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013
Development and validation of analytical method for zidovudine, lamivudine and nevirapine by HPLC Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 2013
Development and validation of analytical method for lopinavir and ritonavir by HPLC International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 2013
Anti cancer activity of n-butanol extract of marine sediment fungi Aspergillus protuberus sp1 against dalton's ascitic lymphoma in mice Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2013
Formulation of tigecycline injection by lyophilization technique Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2012
Development and validation of analytical method for ritonavir by HPLC International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012
Comparative hepatoprotective activity of Liv-52 and Silymarine against hepatotoxicity induced by antiandrogen -Bicalutamide in rats International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012
Preparation and evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles containing zidovudine Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012
Determination of adulterants in food: A review Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2011
Spectrofluorometric determination of sulphamethoxazole in pharmaceutical formulation International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 2011
Development and validation of analytical method for artemether by HPLC Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2011
In vivo antioxidant and lipid peroxidation effect of various extracts of whole plant of mucuna pruriens (Linn) in rat fed with high fat diet Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2011
Analytical method development and validation of secnidazole tablets by RP-HPLC Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2010
Studies on the antibacterial activity of Ruellia prostrata (Linn) Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2010
Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of bicalutamide in bulk and formulations Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 2009
Development and validation of a rapid RP-HPLC method for the determination of Racecadotril in formulation International Journal of Chemtech Research, 2009
Formulation development and evaluation of ondansetron hydrochloride sustained release matrix tablets Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2009
Improved liquid chromatographic method for the determination of flutamide in pharmaceutical formulation International Journal of Pharmtech Research, 2009
Bicalutamide quantification in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography: Application to bioequivalence study Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 2007
Studies of anticancer and antipyretic activity of Bidens pilosa whole plant African Health Sciences, 2006
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Review on metal and its properties in the field of pharmaceutical P Vinnarasan, AA Smith, A Anderson, I Yovan AIP Conference Proceedings 3257 (1), 020043 , 2025 2025
Stability Indicating Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation of Azilsartan and Chlorthalidone in their Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms by RP-UPLC MUR Eslawath, N Kannappan, L Venkateshwarlu, AA Smith INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH 58 (1), 297-304 , 2024 2024
NUTRACEUTICALS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS: A REVIEW. RR Murali, AA Smith Degrés 9 (4) , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
STABILITY INDICATING RP-UPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF TELMISARTAN AND AZELNIDIPINE IN THEIR BULK AND SOLID DOSAGE FORMS. UR Eslawath, N Kannappan, L Venkateshwarlu, AA Smith Biochemical & Cellular Archives 23 (2) , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
Patient-related factors and their impact on surgical site infections and recovery rates for diverse surgeries in a tertiary care teaching hospital: A comprehensive study R Asha, A Rajasri, J Sundresh N, A Anton Smith Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology 15 (8), 229-236 , 2023 2023
Phytochemical analysis, in-vitro antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of Flaveria trinervia ethanolic extract AA Varghese, A Smith, M Sreejith Biomedicine 43 (3), 867-872 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Phytochemical Investigation In vitro Antioxidant Activity & Anti Diabetic Activity of Euphorbia Nivulia. JJ Wesley, AA Smith, N Balakrishnan Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results 13 , 2022 2022
The regional whole blood program in San Antonio, TX: a 3‐year update on prehospital and in‐hospital transfusion practices for traumatic and n on‐traumatic hemorrhage MA Braverman, AA Smith, AV Ciaraglia, JS Radowsky, SG Schauer, ... Transfusion 62, S80-S89 , 2022 2022 Citations: 48
Indolizine-a privileged biological scaffold N Ramalakshmi, S Amuthalakshmi, R Yamuna, A Anton Smith, ... Der. PharmaChemica 13, 60-69 , 2021 2021 Citations: 6
MORBIDITY PREVALENCE ESTIMATE AT SIX MONTHS FOLLOWING A STROKE (MORE PRECISE): AN OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY COHORT A Smith, A Pennington, L Copeland, B Carter, J Hewitt INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE 15 (1_ SUPPL), 441-441 , 2020 2020
EXPLORING THE BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE CO-MORBIDITY MANAGEMENT PRE AND POST-STROKE WITH A FOCUS ON HYPERTENSION: A QUALITATIVE STUDY A Smith, M O'Neill, H Azhari, J Dawson, J Hewitt INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE 15 (1_ SUPPL), 342-342 , 2020 2020
The scavenging patterns of feral cats on human remains in an outdoor setting S Garcia, A Smith, C Baigent, M Connor Journal of Forensic Sciences 65 (3), 948-952 , 2020 2020 Citations: 29
Antidiabetic activity of phenolic compounds from Dregea volubilis [Benth] leaves in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats V Natarajan, AA Smith, BA Vishwanath Global J. Pharmacol 14 (1), 1-7 , 2020 2020 Citations: 4
In-vitro anti-diabetic activity of ethanolic extract of the medicinal plants Desmodium triflorum, Allmonia nodiflora and Digeria muricata K Ramkumar, AA Smith, B Vishwanath, V Natarajan Int J Sci 9 (10), 12-16 , 2020 2020 Citations: 3
Development of analytical method for imatinib mesylate by ultraviolet spectroscopy P Ajithkumar, A Smith Development 13 (1) , 2020 2020 Citations: 9
Artificial ripening of banana-An overview MM Chandar, AA Smith Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 12 (10), 5101-5106 , 2019 2019 Citations: 3
In-silico design, synthesis and in-vitro anti-tubercular and anti-microbial screening of novel benzimidazole derivatives PT Manju, AA Smith, V Padmaja International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 9 (9), 3705-3711 , 2018 2018 Citations: 3
Evaluation of In vitro anticancer activity of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Albizia saman flowers. R Murali, AA Smith, S Parimalakrishnan, G Jaralda, N Vinothini International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical & Biological Sciences 8 (2) , 2018 2018 Citations: 4
Development and validation of analytical method for quantitation of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir, Efavirenz based on HPLC A Ramaswamy, ASAG Dhas Arabian Journal of Chemistry 11 (2), 275-281 , 2018 2018 Citations: 73
Cost Effective Analysis Of Pharmaceutical Care In Management Of Patients With Stage Iii Hypertension: An Indian Pharmacists Experience S Parimalakrishnan, RJ Nachiya, AA Smith, GP Mohanta, PK Manna Value in Health 20 (9), A916 , 2017 2017
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Studies of anticancer and antipyretic activity of Bidens pilosa whole plant P Sundararajan, A Dey, A Smith, AG Doss, M Rajappan, S Natarajan African health sciences 6 (1), 27 , 2006 2006 Citations: 136
Preservatives in food products-review K Seetaramaiah, AA Smith, R Murali, R Manavalan Int J Pharm Biol Arch 2 (2), 583-99 , 2011 2011 Citations: 102
Determination of adulterants in food: a review M Kartheek, AA Smith, AK Muthu, R Manavalan Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 3 (2), 629-636 , 2011 2011 Citations: 94
Development and validation of analytical method for quantitation of Emtricitabine, Tenofovir, Efavirenz based on HPLC A Ramaswamy, ASAG Dhas Arabian Journal of Chemistry 11 (2), 275-281 , 2018 2018 Citations: 73
Preparation and evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles containing zidovudine JAJ Nesalin, AA Smith Asian J Pharm Sci 7 (1), 80-4 , 2012 2012 Citations: 65
In vitro antioxidant activity of various extracts of whole plant of Mucuna pruriens (Linn). DS Kumar, AK Muthu, AA Smith, R Manavalan 2010 Citations: 49
The regional whole blood program in San Antonio, TX: a 3‐year update on prehospital and in‐hospital transfusion practices for traumatic and n on‐traumatic hemorrhage MA Braverman, AA Smith, AV Ciaraglia, JS Radowsky, SG Schauer, ... Transfusion 62, S80-S89 , 2022 2022 Citations: 48
Anticancer and antimicrobial activity of Aspergillus protuberus SP1 isolated from marine sediments of South Indian coast S Mathan, AA Smith, J Kumaran, S Prakash Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 9 (4), 286-292 , 2011 2011 Citations: 44
Simultaneous HPLC-UV method for the estimation of artemether and lumefantrine in tablet dosage form R Arun, AA Smith Int J Pharm Biomed Res 2 (3), 201-205 , 2011 2011 Citations: 40
Development and validation of a reversed phase HPLC method for simultaneous determination of amlodipine and telmisartan in pharmaceutical dosage form MA KOTTAI, R Sankhla, S Gupta, AA Smith, R Manavalan JOURNAL OF APPLIED CHEMICAL RESEARCH (JACR) 12 (4), 43-52 , 2010 2010 Citations: 40
Estimation of age using aspartic acid racemisation in human dentin in Indian population S Rajkumari, M Nirmal, PM Sunil, AA Smith Forensic science international 228 (1-3), 38-41 , 2013 2013 Citations: 33
Preparation and evaluation of stavudine loaded chitosan nanoparticles JAJ Nesalin, AA Smith Journal of Pharmacy Research 6 (2), 268-274 , 2013 2013 Citations: 31
Spectrofluorimetric determination of flutamide in pharmaceutical preaparations AA Smith, R Manavalan, K Kannan, N Rajendiran Oriental Journal of Chemistry 24 (1), 189 , 2008 2008 Citations: 31
The scavenging patterns of feral cats on human remains in an outdoor setting S Garcia, A Smith, C Baigent, M Connor Journal of Forensic Sciences 65 (3), 948-952 , 2020 2020 Citations: 29
Development of analytical method for lumefantrine by UV spectrophotometry R Arun, A Smith Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci 1 (3), 321-324 , 2010 2010 Citations: 29
Formulation development and evaluation of ondansetron hydrochloride sustained release matrix tablets AA Smith, AK Muthu, R Manavalan Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Research 1 (4), 48-54 , 2009 2009 Citations: 25
Development of analytical method for risperidone by UV spectrophotometry MS Kumar, AA Smith, GA Vasagam, AK Muthu, R Manavalan International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 1 (8), 122-6 , 2010 2010 Citations: 23
Intramolecular charge transfer effects on flutamide drug AA Smith, R Manavalan, K Kannan, N Rajendiran Journal of fluorescence 20 (4), 809-820 , 2010 2010 Citations: 22
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic effects of methanol extract of Cleome chelidonii S Parimalakrishnan, A Dey, AA Smith, R Manavalan International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 1 (3), 223-228 , 2007 2007 Citations: 22
Spectrophotometric estimation of terbutaline sulphate in pharmaceutical dosage forms AA Smith, R Manavalan, K Sridhar Int Res J Pharm 1, 213-9 , 2010 2010 Citations: 21
