Jorge Luis Cardich Pulgar

Scopus Publications

Reviews and syntheses: Review of proxies for low-oxygen paleoceanographic reconstructions
Babette A.A. Hoogakker, Catherine Davis, Yi Wang, Stephanie Kusch, Katrina Nilsson-Kerr, Dalton S. Hardisty, Allison Jacobel, Dharma Reyes Macaya, Nicolaas Glock, Sha Ni,et al.
Copernicus GmbH
Abstract. A growing body of observations has revealed rapid changes in both the total inventory and the distribution of marine oxygen over the latter half of the 20th century, leading to increased interest in extending oxygenation records into the past. The use of paleo-oxygen proxies has the potential to extend the spatial and temporal range of current records, constrain pre-anthropogenic baselines, provide datasets necessary to test climate models under different boundary conditions, and ultimately understand how ocean oxygenation responds beyond decadal-scale changes. This review seeks to summarize the current state of knowledge about proxies for reconstructing Cenozoic marine oxygen: sedimentary features, sedimentary redox-sensitive trace elements and isotopes, biomarkers, nitrogen isotopes, foraminiferal trace elements, foraminiferal assemblages, foraminiferal morphometrics, and benthic foraminiferal carbon isotope gradients. Taking stock of each proxy reveals some common limitations as the majority of proxies functions best at low-oxygen concentrations, and many reflect multiple environmental drivers. We also highlight recent breakthroughs in geochemistry and proxy approaches to constraining pelagic (in addition to benthic) oxygenation that are rapidly advancing the field. In light of both the emergence of new proxies and the persistent multiple driver problem, the need for multi-proxy approaches and data storage and sharing that adhere to the principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR) is emphasized. Continued refinements of proxy approaches and both proxy–proxy and proxy–model comparisons are likely to support the growing needs of both oceanographers and paleoceanographers interested in paleo-oxygenation records.

Green marketing in the promotion of environmentally responsible and sustainable practices in the development of resilient infrastructure in Peru: A systematic review
África Calanchez Urribarri, Kerwin Chávez Vera, Claudio Huamán de los Heros, Joel Alderete Velita, Jorge Cardich Pulgar, and Godofredo Illa-Sihuincha
EnPress Publisher
The objective of the study was to analyze green marketing in the promotion of environmentally responsible and sustainable practices in the development of resilient infrastructure in Peru. The methodology used was qualitative and interpretative, the documentary design based on the systematic review of scientific literature. The PRISMA model was applied for the selection of units of analysis, resulting in 36 articles out of an initial total of 950. Content analysis was used to examine the documents, following a detailed procedure that included the use of Grounded Theory to categorize and analyze the data. The results highlighted the importance of integrating green marketing and sustainable practices into resilient infrastructure planning and development. Key strategies were identified that include promoting environmental responsibility, adopting sustainable technologies in construction, and implementing policies that foster urban resilience and sustainability. The findings highlight the adoption of a comprehensive approach that combines green marketing with resilient infrastructure planning and development to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable development in Peru.

Bottom-water hypoxia in the Paracas Bay (Peru, 13.8°S) associated with seasonal and synoptic time scale variability of winds and water stratification
Lander Merma-Mora, François Colas, Jorge Cardich, Sonia Sánchez, Edgart Flores, Alberto Lorenzo, Arturo Aguirre-Velarde, David Correa, and Dimitri Gutiérrez
Elsevier BV

Living benthic foraminifera from El Ferrol Bay: A pollution critical area in northern-central Peru
Dennis Romero, Lander Merma, Robert Marquina, Georgina Flores, Luis Quipúzcoa, Juana Solís, and Jorge Cardich
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Vicerectorado de Investigacion
The study focused on the assemblage of ‘living’ benthic foraminifera (stained with Rose Bengal) in the surface sediments of El Ferrol Bay (Chimbote, 9°S). Twelve sampling sites were selected at depths ranging from 4.5 to 27 meters in September 2015. Water samples were collected near the seafloor to determine dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and nutrient (nitrate and phosphate). Sediment samples were analysed for total organic matter (TOM) and the chlorophyll-a to phaeopigment ratio (chl-a/phaeo. Our findings confirm that this bay experiences hypoxic conditions at the seafloor (~2 mL/L) in addition to high dissolved nitrate levels. The assemblage was primarily composed of hyaline calcareous species, a porcelaneous calcareous species, and a soft-shelled foraminiferal species. Densities ranged from moderate to high, with the calcareous species Bolivina costata being the dominant species and B. elegantissima co-dominant in most sites. Based on our analysis, no significant differences were observed between the assemblages of living benthic foraminifera in the inner and outer bay. However, the influence of bottom nitrates on shallow-water foraminiferal species was notable. These results provide a baseline reference for future monitoring and calibration studies.

Surface wind strength and sea surface temperature connections along the south peruvian coast during the last 150 years
F. Briceño-Zuluaga, V. Flores-Aqueveque, J. Nogueira, A. Castillo, J. Cardich, J. Rutllant, S. Caquineau, A. Sifeddine, R. Salvatteci, J. Valdes,et al.
Elsevier BV

Theoretical-practical development of social Marketing in the change of behavior of citizens in the current era
Grupo Compas

Climate change, migrations, and the peopling of sine-Saloum mangroves (Senegal) in the past 6000 years
Matthieu Carré, Louis Quichaud, Abdoulaye Camara, Moufok Azzoug, Rachid Cheddadi, Diana Ochoa, Jorge Cardich, Alexander Pérez, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi, Julien Thébault,et al.
Elsevier BV

Carbon and nutrient burial within Peruvian coastal marsh driven by anthropogenic activities
Alexander Pérez, Rosario Escobedo, Rodrigo Castro, Rosa Jesus, Jorge Cardich, Pedro E. Romero, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi, Diana Ochoa, Héctor Aponte, Christian J. Sanders,et al.
Elsevier BV

Age and provenance of the Mio-Pleistocene sediments from the Sacaco area, Peruvian continental margin
Diana Ochoa, Thomas J. DeVries, Kelly Quispe, Angel Barbosa-Espitia, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi, David A. Foster, Renzo Gonzales, Sidoine Revillon, Raul Berrospi, Luis Pairazamán,et al.
Elsevier BV

Correction to: Late Neogene evolution of the Peruvian margin and its ecosystems: a synthesis from the Sacaco record (International Journal of Earth Sciences, (2021), 110, 3, (995-1025), 10.1007/s00531-021-02003-1)
Diana Ochoa, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi, Thomas J. DeVries, Patrice Baby, Christian de Muizon, Alí Altamirano, Angel Barbosa-Espitia, David A. Foster, Kelly Quispe, Jorge Cardich,et al.
Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Miocene fossils from the southeastern Pacific shed light on the last radiation of marine crocodylians
Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi, Diana Ochoa, Stephane Jouve, Pedro E. Romero, Jorge Cardich, Alexander Perez, Thomas DeVries, Patrice Baby, Mario Urbina, and Matthieu Carré
The Royal Society
The evolution of crocodylians as sea dwellers remains obscure because living representatives are basically freshwater inhabitants and fossil evidence lacks crucial aspects about crocodylian occupation of marine ecosystems. New fossils from marine deposits of Peru reveal that crocodylians were habitual coastal residents of the southeastern Pacific (SEP) for approximately 14 million years within the Miocene ( ca 19 to 5 Ma), an epoch including the highest global peak of marine crocodylian diversity. The assemblage of the SEP comprised two long and slender-snouted (longirostrine) taxa of the Gavialidae: the giant Piscogavialis and a new early diverging species, Sacacosuchus cordovai . Although living gavialids ( Gavialis and Tomistoma ) are freshwater forms, this remarkable fossil record and a suite of evolutionary morphological analyses reveal that the whole evolution of marine crocodylians pertained to the gavialids and their stem relatives (Gavialoidea). This adaptive radiation produced two longirostrine ecomorphs with dissimilar trophic roles in seawaters and involved multiple transmarine dispersals to South America and most landmasses. Marine gavialoids were shallow sea dwellers, and their Cenozoic diversification was influenced by the availability of coastal habitats. Soon after the richness peak of the Miocene, gavialoid crocodylians disappeared from the sea, probably as part of the marine megafauna extinction of the Pliocene.

High-resolution marine data and transient simulations support orbital forcing of ENSO amplitude since the mid-Holocene
Matthieu Carré, Pascale Braconnot, Mary Elliot, Roberta d’Agostino, Andrew Schurer, Xiaoxu Shi, Olivier Marti, Gerrit Lohmann, Johann Jungclaus, Rachid Cheddadi,et al.
Elsevier BV

System controls of coastal and open ocean oxygen depletion
Grant C. Pitcher, Arturo Aguirre-Velarde, Denise Breitburg, Jorge Cardich, Jacob Carstensen, Daniel J. Conley, Boris Dewitte, Anja Engel, Dante Espinoza-Morriberón, Georgina Flores,et al.
Elsevier BV

Late Neogene evolution of the Peruvian margin and its ecosystems: a synthesis from the Sacaco record
Diana Ochoa, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi, Thomas J. DeVries, Patrice Baby, Christian de Muizon, Alí Altamirano, Angel Barbosa-Espitia, David A. Foster, Kelly Quispe, Jorge Cardich,et al.
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AbstractThe highly productive waters of the Humboldt Current System (HCS) host a particular temperate ecosystem within the tropics, whose history is still largely unknown. The Pisco Formation, deposited during Mio-Pliocene times in the Peruvian continental margin has yielded an outstanding collection of coastal-marine fossils, providing an opportunity to understand the genesis of the HCS ecosystem. We present a comprehensive review, completed with new results, that integrates geological and paleontological data from the last 10 My, especially focusing on the southern East Pisco Basin (Sacaco area). We discuss the depositional settings of the Pisco Formation and integrate new U/Pb radiometric ages into the chronostratigraphic framework of the Sacaco sub-basin. The last preserved Pisco sediments at Sacaco were deposited ~ 4.5 Ma, while the overlying Caracoles Formation accumulated from ~ 2.7 Ma onwards. We identified a Pliocene angular unconformity encompassing 1.7 My between these formations, associated with a regional phase of uplift. Local and regional paleoenvironmental indicators suggest that shallow settings influenced by the offshore upwelling of ventilated and warm waters prevailed until the early Pliocene. We present an extensive synthesis of the late Miocene–Pleistocene vertebrate fossil record, which allows for an ecological characterization of the coastal-marine communities, an assessment of biodiversity trends, and changes in coastal-marine lineages in relation to modern HCS faunas. Our synthesis shows that: (i) typical endemic coastal Pisco vertebrates persisted up to ~ 4.5 Ma, (ii) first modern HCS toothed cetaceans appear at ~ 7–6 Ma, coinciding with a decline in genus diversity, and (iii) a vertebrate community closer to the current HCS was only reached after 2.7 Ma. The genesis of the Peruvian coastal ecosystem seems to be driven by a combination of stepwise transformations of the coastal geomorphology related to local tectonic pulses and by a global cooling trend leading to the modern oceanic circulation system.

Changes in rocky intertidal communities after the 2015 and 2017 El Niño events along the Peruvian coast
Juan Valqui, Bruno Ibañez-Erquiaga, Aldo S. Pacheco, Lynn Wilbur, Diana Ochoa, Jorge Cardich, Maria Pérez-Huaranga, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi, Alexander Pérez, Aldo Indacochea,et al.
Elsevier BV

Bottom-water deoxygenation at the Peruvian margin during the last deglaciation recorded by benthic foraminifera
Zeynep Erdem, Joachim Schönfeld, Anthony E. Rathburn, Maria-Elena Pérez, Jorge Cardich, and Nicolaas Glock
Copernicus GmbH
Abstract. Deciphering the dynamics of dissolved oxygen in the mid-depth ocean during the last deglaciation is essential to understand the influence of climate change on modern oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Many paleo-proxy records from the eastern Pacific Ocean indicate an extension of oxygen-depleted conditions during the deglaciation, but the degree of deoxygenation has not been quantified to date. The Peruvian OMZ, one of the largest OMZs in the world, is a key area to monitor such changes in near-bottom-water oxygenation in relation to changing climatic conditions. Here, we analysed the potential to use the composition of foraminiferal assemblages from the Peruvian OMZ as a quantitative redox proxy. A multiple regression analysis was applied to a joint dataset of living (rose-bengal-stained, fossilizable calcareous species) benthic foraminiferal distributions from the Peruvian continental margin. Bottom-water oxygen concentrations ([O2]BW) during sampling were used as the dependant variable. The correlation was significant (R2=0.82; p<0.05), indicating that the foraminiferal assemblages are rather governed by oxygen availability than by the deposition of particulate organic matter (R2=0.53; p=0.31). We applied the regression formula to three sediment cores from the northern part of the Peruvian OMZ between 3 and 8∘ S and 997 and 1250 m water depth, thereby recording oxygenation changes at the lower boundary of the Peruvian OMZ. Each core displayed a similar trend of decreasing oxygen levels since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The overall [O2]BW change from the LGM and the Holocene was constrained to 30 µmol kg−1 at the lower boundary of the OMZ.

Multidecadal changes in marine subsurface oxygenation off central Peru during the last ca. 170 years
Jorge Cardich, Abdelfettah Sifeddine, Renato Salvatteci, Dennis Romero, Francisco Briceño-Zuluaga, Michelle Graco, Tony Anculle, Carine Almeida, and Dimitri Gutiérrez
Frontiers Media SA
Subsurface water masses with permanent oxygen deficiency (oxygen minimum zones, OMZ) are typically associated with upwelling regions and exhibit a high sensitivity to climate variability. Over the last decade, several studies have reported a global ocean deoxygenation trend since 1960 and a consequent OMZ expansion. However, some proxy records suggest an oxygenation trend for the OMZ over the margins of the Tropical North East Pacific since ca. 1850. At the Tropical South East Pacific, the upper Peruvian margin is permanently impinged by a shallow and intense OMZ. In this study, we aim to 1) reconstruct the (multi)decadal oxygenation variability off central Peru, and 2) to identify the influence of both largescale and local factors and the potential underlying mechanisms driving subsurface oxygenation in the Eastern Pacific. We combined a multiproxy approach in multiple paleoceanographic records for the last ~170 years with instrumental records of subsurface oxygen concentrations since 1960. We analyzed benthic foraminiferal assemblages, redox-sensitive metals (Mo, Re, U), δ15N and contents of total organic carbon and biogenic silica in multiple sediment cores collected in the upper margin off Callao (180 m) and Pisco (~300 m). An OMZ weakening over the Peruvian central margin can be inferred from 1865 to 2004. The records can be divided in three major periods, based on responses of local productivity and subsurface ventilation: i) the mid to late nineteenth century, with enhanced siliceous productivity, a strong oxygen-deficient and reducing sedimentary conditions; ii) the late nineteenth century to mid-twentieth century, with less oxygen-deficient and reducing sedimentary conditions, superimposed to a slight decadal-scale variability; and iii) the late twentieth century until the early 2000’s, with a slight oxygenation trend. We attribute the centennial-scale oxygenation trend in the Tropical East Pacific to ventilation processes by undercurrents that decreased subsurface oxygenation even when during the same period an overall increase in export production was inferred off Peru. Unlike other upwelling areas in the Tropical East Pacific, subsurface oxygenation off Peru does not show a decrease in the last decades, instead a subtle oxygenation trend was observed close to the core of the OMZ at 200 m depth.

Paracas dust storms: Sources, trajectories and associated meteorological conditions
F. Briceño-Zuluaga, A. Castagna, J.A. Rutllant, V. Flores-Aqueveque, S. Caquineau, A. Sifeddine, F. Velazco, D. Gutierrez, and J. Cardich
Elsevier BV

Depletion of oxygen, nitrate and nitrite in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone cause an imbalance of benthic nitrogen fluxes
S. Sommer, J. Gier, T. Treude, U. Lomnitz, M. Dengler, J. Cardich, and A.W. Dale
Elsevier BV

Terrigenous material supply to the Peruvian central continental shelf (Pisco, 14° S) during the last 1000 years: Paleoclimatic implications
Francisco Javier Briceño-Zuluaga, Abdelfettah Sifeddine, Sandrine Caquineau, Jorge Cardich, Renato Salvatteci, Dimitri Gutierrez, Luc Ortlieb, Federico Velazco, Hugues Boucher, and Carine Machado
Copernicus GmbH
Abstract. In the eastern Pacific, lithogenic input to the ocean responds to variations in the atmospheric and oceanic system and their teleconnections over different timescales. Atmospheric (e.g., wind fields), hydrological (e.g., fresh water plumes) and oceanic (e.g., currents) conditions determine the transport mode and the amount of lithogenic material transported from the continent to the continental shelf. Here, we present the grain size distribution of a composite record of two laminated sediment cores retrieved from the Peruvian continental shelf that record the last ∼ 1000 years at a sub-decadal to centennial time-series resolution. We propose novel grain size indicators of wind intensity and fluvial input that allow reconstructing the oceanic–atmospheric variability modulated by sub-decadal to centennial changes in climatic conditions. Four grain size modes were identified. Two are linked to aeolian inputs (M3: ∼ 54; M4: ∼ 91 µm on average), the third is interpreted as a marker of sediment discharge (M2: ∼ 10 µm on average), and the last is without an associated origin (M1: ∼ 3 µm). The coarsest components (M3 and M4) dominated during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Current Warm Period (CWP) periods, suggesting that aeolian transport increased as a consequence of surface wind stress intensification. In contrast, M2 displays an opposite behavior, exhibiting an increase in fluvial terrigenous input during the Little Ice Age (LIA) in response to more humid conditions associated with El Niño-like conditions. Comparison with other South American paleoclimate records indicates that the observed changes are driven by interactions between meridional displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the South Pacific Subtropical High (SPSH) and Walker circulation at decadal and centennial timescales.

Calcareous benthic foraminifera from the upper central peruvian margin: Control of the assemblage by pore water redox and sedimentary organic matter
J Cardich, D Gutiérrez, D Romero, A Pérez, L Quipúzcoa, R Marquina, W Yupanqui, J Solís, W Carhuapoma, A Sifeddine,et al.
Inter-Research Science Center

Jorge Luis Cardich Pulgar

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Scopus Publications