Sunday Adedeji ADERIBIGBE
@unilorin.edu.ng
Professor, Faculty of Clinical Sciences
University of Ilorin
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Epidemiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Reproductive Medicine
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Adedayo Ayodele Aderibigbe, Sunday Adedeji Aderibigbe, Tanimola Makanjuola Akande, Dooshima Belabo, Joy Abiodun, Seleem Babajide Alabi, and Abdullahi Ahmed
Medknow
Abstract Introduction: The burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Nigeria remains one of the highest in the world, with the country having the highest number of people living with the infection in the West African subregion. Recent estimates put the HIV prevalence rate in Nigeria at 1.9%. In the early years of the HIV epidemic, attention on the reproductive preferences of people living with HIV was not really considered because of the high risk of mortality and few options to reduce mother-to-child transmission. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in November 2018 using quantitative and qualitative methods. A total of 400 participants were recruited for the quantitative part of the study and 10 respondents for each of the focus group discussion (FGD) sessions. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and a FGD guide. Frequencies and percentages were determined using descriptive analysis. Univariate analysis was used to explore the association between the outcome variables and the independent variables. The independent variables which showed a significant association in the univariate analysis were further subjected to multivariate analysis. Results: The desire to have children since their HIV diagnosis had been mooted by 255 (63.8%) respondents in the past and 64.5% of the respondents admitted to wanting to have children at some point in the future. More than half of the respondents (61%) currently wanted more children while a significant proportion of the respondents who wanted children (68.4%) wanted more than one child. Conclusion: The study observed that the desire to have children had largely not been affected by the HIV infection as respondents still had a fairly strong desire to continue to have more children in spite of the risks of transmission involved. The study recommended that government and HIV policymakers need to ensure that HIV prevention messages and programmes adopt cultural and socio-economic considerations when designing and planning HIV prevention programmes.
Obianuju B. Ozoh, Sunday A. Aderibigbe, Adaeze C. Ayuk, Sandra K. Dede, Eruke Egbagbe, and Musa Babashani
Wiley
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The impact of allergic rhinitis (AR), a common comorbidity in asthma, on global quality of life (QoL) using generic QoL questionnaires has not been extensively evaluated.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional population-based study among adults ≥18 years old. Generic QoL was measured using the World Health Organization (WHO) questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), and asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test. Participants were categorized into four groups: Group 1 (No asthma, no AR), Group 2 (Asthma only), Group 3 (AR only) and Group 4 (Concomitant asthma and AR). The student t-test or the ANOVA was used for comparison between groups and based on the level of asthma control. Linear regression was used to assess the association between the level of asthma control and QoL scores, adjusted for age and sex. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant for all associations.
RESULTS
There were 9115 participants; 906 (9.9%) had asthma, and 1998 (21.9%) had AR. The lowest QoL scores were in the environment domain. Mean QoL scores were significantly lower in asthma compared to 'no asthma' and in AR compared to 'no AR'. Either asthma or rhinitis (Group 2 or 3) had significantly lower scores compared to no disease (Group 1) only in the environment domain, but the concomitant disease (Group 4) had lower scores across all categories and domains. Scores were significantly lower for uncontrolled asthma compared to controlled asthma and for 'concomitant asthma and AR' compared to 'asthma only'. Increasing age and uncontrolled asthma predicted worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) consistently.
CONCLUSION
Although asthma and AR negatively impact HRQoL independently, concomitant asthma and AR are worse. Uncontrolled asthma underpins poor QoL in asthma because QoL is not impaired in controlled disease. This underscores the need for recognition and treatment of AR in asthma and reinforces the benefits of achieving asthma control as a priority in asthma treatment.
Aderibigbe Sa
Background: Men’s behaviour influences the reproductive health of both men and women as well as the health of their children. Yet, men are often unable to make informed decision because they have not been involved in Maternal health services and education. Objective: This study assessed male involvement in Post-Natal healthcare services of their partners and its predictors in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. Methods: Multistage sampling technique was used to recruit 350 married adult males whose wives had given birth at least once in the last three years. Descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed. Pretested interview administered semi-structured questionnaires were used for the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 software. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Two-thirds of the respondents (66.6%) had good knowledge of Post-Natal healthcare while a little more than half of the respondents (56.3%) were graded as having high overall involvement in the Post-Natal healthcare of their wives. The predictors of male involvement in postnatal care include the employment status (p=0.01) and educational status (p=0.028) of respondents. Conclusion: Male involvement in postnatal care in Ilorin is fair though it could be better. Being unemployed and not being educated are predictors of male involvement in post-natal care services in Ilorin. There should be increased public enlightenment on the vital roles of men in Post-Natal healthcare services to encourage male involvement, effective service utilization and continuation.
MohammedB Abdulkadir, SundayAdedeji Aderibigbe, RasheedahM Ibraheem, and Abayomi Fadeyi
Medknow
Context: Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children aged less than 5 years. Healthcare providers are responsible for implementing strategies for control of rotavirus gastroenteritis. Aims: To determine knowledge of healthcare providers regarding rotavirus gastroenteritis, its burden, management, and prevention. Materials and Methods: The study was a crosssectional descriptive survey of healthcare providers working in facilities caring for children. A selfadministered questionnaire was given to subjects containing questions on demographics and knowledge covering burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis, modes of transmission, age of occurrence, prevention, and rotavirus vaccines. Statistical analysis used: Data analysis was carried out with SPSS version 20. Results: Questionnaires were issued to 75 participants of which 65 (response rate = 86.7%) returned filled questionnaires. Majority (70.8%) of the subjects were females. Subjects included medical doctors (33.8%), nurses (32.3%), community health extension workers (27.7%), and laboratory scientists (4.6%). Most [39, 60.0%] subjects identified rotavirus as the commonest cause of diarrhea and only 21 (32.3%) indicated rotavirus contributed over 30% to the burden of diarrhea in these children. Fecooral route was recognized as a route of transmission by most subjects (95.4%) and 67.7% identified vaccination as a modality for prevention. Only six (9.2%) respondents could name any rotavirus vaccine. None of the demographic or occupational characteristics of the subjects was significantly related to awareness of effective rotavirus vaccines (all P > 0.05). Conclusions: Healthcare providers were aware of rotavirus as a cause of gastroenteritis in underfive children but most had poor understanding regarding its burden, prevention, and existing vaccines.
Foluke A Olatona, Sunday A Aderibigbe, Eyitope O Amu, Oluseye O Onabanjo, and Kelechi E Nnoaham
Inishmore Laser Scientific Publishing Ltd
Background Micronutrient deficiency and obesity are increasing globally. This study determined the prevalence of micronutrient-related malnutrition, patterns of obesity using different methods of assessment, and the predictors of obesity among the university undergraduate population in Lagos State, Nigeria. Methods A multistage sampling technique was adopted to select 506 students from the three universities in Lagos State. A pre-tested, semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-demographic and economic characteristics. Nutrient intakes were estimated from 24-hour dietary recalls, obesity was assessed through anthropometric measurements and Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis, following standard procedures. Associations between variables were tested using Chi-square, Fischer’s exact tests, and logistic regression analyses. Twenty-four-hour diet recall was analyzed using the Total Diet Assessment soft-ware. Anthropometric indices were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standards and classified. Results Mean daily intake of almost all micronutrients was low except sodium which was in excess compared to the recommended dietary allowances. The prevalence of underweight was 6.6%, overweight (16.4%), and obesity (3.2%) based on body mass index (BMI). Abdominal obesity was higher than general obesity. Obesity assessed using the percentage body fat had the highest yield of 54.4% in males and 37.1% in females. Conclusions Micronutrient-related malnutrition and central obesity were higher than reported in previous studies. Male gender, inconsistent income, and increased amount of folate were significant predictors of obesity. The students will benefit from nutrition education that emphasize the consumption of micronutrient dense foods and different methods of weight management.
Beckie N Tagbo, Rowan E Bancroft, Iretiola Fajolu, Mohammed B Abdulkadir, Muhammad F Bashir, Olusola P Okunola, Ayodeji H Isiaka, Namadi M Lawal, Benedict O Edelu, Ngozi Onyejiaka,et al.
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Abstract Background Historically, Nigeria has experienced large bacterial meningitis outbreaks with high mortality in children. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), and Haemophilus influenzae are major causes of this invasive disease. In collaboration with the World Health Organization, we conducted longitudinal surveillance in sentinel hospitals within Nigeria to establish the burden of pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM). Methods From 2010 to 2016, cerebrospinal fluid was collected from children <5 years of age, admitted to 5 sentinel hospitals in 5 Nigerian states. Microbiological and latex agglutination techniques were performed to detect the presence of pneumococcus, meningococcus, and H. influenzae. Species-specific polymerase chain reaction and serotyping/grouping were conducted to determine specific causative agents of PBM. Results A total of 5134 children with suspected meningitis were enrolled at the participating hospitals; of these 153 (2.9%) were confirmed PBM cases. The mortality rate for those infected was 15.0% (23/153). The dominant pathogen was pneumococcus (46.4%: 71/153) followed by meningococcus (34.6%: 53/153) and H. influenzae (19.0%: 29/153). Nearly half the pneumococcal meningitis cases successfully serotyped (46.4%: 13/28) were caused by serotypes that are included in the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The most prevalent meningococcal and H. influenzae strains were serogroup W and serotype b, respectively. Conclusions Vaccine-type bacterial meningitis continues to be common among children <5 years in Nigeria. Challenges with vaccine introduction and coverage may explain some of these finding. Continued surveillance is needed to determine the distribution of serotypes/groups of meningeal pathogens across Nigeria and help inform and sustain vaccination policies in the country.
Obianuju B. Ozoh, Adaeze C. Ayuk, Kingsley N. Ukwaja, Olufemi O. Desalu, Olajumoke Olufemi, Sunday A. Aderibigbe, Eruke Egbagbe, Olufela E. Oridota, Sandra K. Dede, Azeezat Shopeyin,et al.
Informa UK Limited
ABSTRACT Background: The state of asthma management and asthma control at the population level in Nigeria is unknown. We aimed to determine the level of asthma control and asthma management practices in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study of 405 participants with current asthma (physician-diagnosed with use of asthma medication or asthma symptoms in the preceding 12 months). We determined the level of asthma control, self-perception of asthma control, health-care use, missed work/school, and medication use. Results: Asthma was controlled in 6.2% of the participants. Night-time awakening and limitation in activity in the preceding 4 weeks were reported by 77.5% and 78.3%, respectively, 56.3% and 14.1% missed work/school and had emergency room visits, respectively, and 11.6% and 38.8% used inhaled corticosteroid and short-acting beta-2 agonist, respectively, in the preceding year. About a third (34.3%) had spirometry ever performed and 46.7% had training on inhaler technique. Nearly 90% with uncontrolled asthma had self-perception of asthma control between somewhat and completely controlled. Conclusion: The level of asthma control in Nigeria is poor with a high burden of asthma symptoms and limitation in activities. This calls for a broad-based approach for the improvement in asthma care that encompasses education and access to medications.
Obianuju B. Ozoh, Sunday A. Aderibigbe, Adaeze C. Ayuk, Olufemi O. Desalu, Olufela E. Oridota, Olajumoke Olufemi, Eruke Egbagbe, Musa Babashani, Azeezat Shopeyin, Kingsley Ukwaja,et al.
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Purpose Asthma is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and information on the prevalence of asthma in Nigeria is inconsistent. Nationally representative data, important for health planning is unavailable. We aimed to determine the current prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Nigeria. Materials and methods A cross-sectional population survey conducted between June 2017 and March 2018 across five cities representing five geo-political zones in Nigeria. Validated screening questionnaires were used to identify persons with asthma and allergic rhinitis respectively. Asthma was defined as physician diagnosed asthma, clinical asthma and by presence of wheeze in the last 12 months respectively. Socio-demographic information, tobacco smoking, sources of household cooking fuel were also obtained. Results A total of 20063 participants from 6024 households were screened. The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of physician diagnosed asthma, clinical asthma and wheeze was 2.5% (2.3–2.7%), 6.4% (6.0–6.64%) and 9.0% (8.6–9.4%) respectively. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 22.8% (22.2–23.4%). The prevalence of asthma and rhinitis increased with age (prevalence of clinical asthma: 3.1% (2.8–3.4%), 9.8% (9.1–10.5) and 10.7% (9.4%-12.0) among 6–17 years, 18–45 years and >45 years respectively). Prevalence also varied across different cities with the highest prevalence of clinical asthma occurring in Lagos (8.0%) and the lowest in Ilorin (1.1%). The frequency of allergic rhinitis among persons with clinical asthma was 74.7%. Presence of allergic rhinitis, family history of asthma, current smoking and being overweight were independent determinants of current asthma among adults. Conclusion The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Nigeria is high with variabilities across regions and age groups. The number of persons with clinical asthma in Nigeria (approximately 13 million) is likely to rank among the highest in Africa. This warrants prioritization by stakeholders and policy makers to actively implement risk reduction measures and increase investment in capacity building for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Aderibigbe Sunday Adedeji
Texila International Marketing Management
Objectives: This study determined the practice and correlates of widowhood rites in a city in Northcentral Nigeria. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used for the study. Multistage sampling technique was used to recruit 450 respondents into the study. Interviewer administered questionnaire and two focus group discussions were used for data collection. Data analysis was done using Epi-info version 3.5.3. A p-value of 0.05 or less was regarded as statistically significant. The study included all males and females over 18years of age residing in Ilorin South Local Government Area. Results: The age range of respondents was between 20 – 79 yrs. A quarter of all respondents (25.9%) were in the fifth decade of life. Widowhood rites commonly practiced in Ilorin South LGA as identified by more than 70% of the respondents include; preventing the widow from going to the farm and market during the mourning period and preventing her from doing household chores. About 16.2% of respondents had ever practiced one or more forms of widowhood rites. There was a statistically significant relationship between age, gender, religion, marital status, educational level, ethnicity and occupation of respondents and the practice of widowhood rites (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Widowhood rites are observed across different categories of people. Age, gender, religion, marital status, educational level, ethnicity and occupation were significantly associated with practice of widowhood rites. There is a need for legislation against harmful widowhood rites by relevant stakeholders.
Olufemi O. Desalu, Emmanuel O. Sanya, Adekunle O. Adeoti, Sunday A. Aderibigbe, and Philip M. Kolo
African Journals Online (AJOL)
BACKGROUND: Inconsistent operational definitions during asthma surveillance can lead to inaccurate estimation of disease burden and formulation of health policy. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different definitions on the prevalence estimates and predictors of asthma among university students in Ilorin, Nigeria. The secondary aim was to compare level of agreement of the different definitions.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June to August 2015. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire was self administered by 1485 students. Asthma diagnosis was based on five definitions used in previous studies in the country. These were ECRHS, International Study of Asthma, Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), Probable, Modified ECRHS and Modified Probable asthma definitions.RESULTS: The prevalence rates varied from 10.4 to 24.1% depending on the definition. Prevalence obtained by using ECRHS definition significantly differed from estimates by other definitions (Z score ≥ 1.96 p<0.0001) except modified probable asthma. Identified predictors of asthma varied from five to six depending on the definition, and their strength also differed by definition. Regardless of the definition, reported nasal allergy, skin allergy, family history of nasal allergy, asthma and parental smoking were the predictors of asthma. The Kappa statistics demonstrated a fair to almost perfect association between the ECRHS and other asthma definitions (Kappa = 0.334-0.841, p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: The prevalence rates and predictors of asthma are affected by operational definitions. Researchers need to adopt a uniform definition for accurate estimation of disease burden, international comparison of result and formulation of prevention policy.
Foluke Adenike Olatona, Ijeoma Olumide Aderibigbe, Sunday Adedeji Aderibigbe, and Temitope ‘Wunmi Ladi-Akinyemi
Informa UK Limited
Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence, frequency and reasons for the consumption of energy drinks among members of registered football clubs in Lagos, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed and the study setting was Onikan Stadium Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select 350 members of the football clubs. Method: A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence, frequency and reasons for consumption of energy drinks. Epi Info® software (version 6.04) was used for data analysis. Results: Most of the respondents (76.3%) were energy-drink consumers but none of them was a daily user. Most of those who took it (71.9%) drank at least two cans a week. Power Horse™ was the most preferred choice (58.4%) and more than one-third (37.1%) mixed it with alcohol. The commonest reasons for using energy drinks were leisure (42%), performance enhancement (25.1%) and drinking with friends (25.1%). Single students between ages 21 and 30 years consumed energy drinks more than married, younger or older workers (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The majority of the football players were weekly energy-drink users and the commonest reason for consumption was leisure. Although it can be expected that football players consume energy drinks to enhance their sporting performance, it was of concern to find that one-third of the football players mixed energy drinks with alcohol. Education regarding the effects of energy-drink consumption and alcohol is needed among the football players in Lagos.
EO Sanya, OO Desalu, SA Aderibigbe, PM Kolo, AF Mustapha, and OA Adeyanju
Medknow
Objective: Headache is a common chronic neurologic disorder with huge economic and psychosocial impact. In comparison with other neurological disorders, there is limited data on primary headache, especially from sub-Saharan Africa. This study was done to fill in the gap and provide recent information on headache among Nigerian undergraduate students. Methodology: Quota sampling was used to select students from three tertiary educational institutions within Ilorin, the capital of Kwara state. Two-stage self-administered questionnaires developed from the guideline of the International Society of Headache were used to harvest information. Results: A total of 1500 students participated in the study. The mean age of the students was 20.9 ± 3.1 years, with male:female ratio of 1.6:1. A total of 356 students have frequent headache within previous 1 year, given the headache frequency of 23.7%. Fifty-three students (3.5%) had headaches on almost daily basis, 84 (5.6%) had ≥4 attacks/week, 145 (9.7%) had ≤2–3 attacks/month, and 123 (8.2%) had 1–3 attacks every 3 months. Close to 75% indicated that it limits their daily activity frequently. One hundred and eighty-seven (12.5%) students fulfilled the criteria for tension-type headache, 36 (2.4%) for migraine headache, and 133 (8.9%) had nonclassified headaches. The most frequent headache-associated symptoms are photophia – 100 students (6.7%), phonophobia – 159 students (10.6%), while 62 students (4.1%) had nausea and vomiting. None of the students had seen a physician for proper headache diagnosis. Majority (90.2%) used none prescription over-the-counter analgesia (acetaminophen) for symptomatic treatment of their aches. Conclusion: Headache is a common complaint among Nigerian undergraduate students and it limits the daily activity of majority of the sufferers. Students need proper education regarding treatment to alleviate their suffering and forestall complication, especially those associated with analgesic overuse.
Daniëlla Brals, Sunday A Aderibigbe, Ferdinand W Wit, Johannes C M van Ophem, Marijn van der List, Gordon K Osagbemi, Marleen E Hendriks, Tanimola M Akande, Michael Boele van Hensbroek, and Constance Schultsz
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Abstract Background: Access to quality obstetric care is considered essential to reducing maternal and new‐born mortality. We evaluated the effect of the introduction of a multifaceted voluntary health insurance programme on hospital deliveries in rural Nigeria. Methods: We used an interrupted time‐series design, including a control group. The intervention consisted of providing voluntary health insurance covering primary and secondary healthcare, including antenatal and obstetric care, combined with improving the quality of healthcare facilities. We compared changes in hospital deliveries from 1 May 2005 to 30 April 2013 between the programme area and control area in a difference‐in‐differences analysis with multiple time periods, adjusting for observed confounders. Data were collected through household surveys. Eligible households (n = 1500) were selected from a stratified probability sample of enumeration areas. All deliveries during the 4‐year baseline period (n = 460) and 4‐year follow‐up period (n = 380) were included. Findings: Insurance coverage increased from 0% before the insurance was introduced to 70.2% in April 2013 in the programme area. In the control area insurance coverage remained 0% between May 2005 and April 2013. Although hospital deliveries followed a common stable trend over the 4 pre‐programme years (P = 0.89), the increase in hospital deliveries during the 4‐year follow‐up period in the programme area was 29.3 percentage points (95% CI: 16.1 to 42.6; P < 0.001) greater than the change in the control area (intention‐to‐treat impact), corresponding to a relative increase in hospital deliveries of 62%. Women who did not enroll in health insurance but who could make use of the upgraded care delivered significantly more often in a hospital during the follow‐up period than women living in the control area (P = 0.04). Conclusions: Voluntary health insurance combined with quality healthcare services is highly effective in increasing hospital deliveries in rural Nigeria, by improving access to healthcare for insured and uninsured women in the programme area.
J. K. Afolabi, A. Fadeyi, O. O. Desalu, I. A. Durotoye, A. E. Fawibe, M. A. N. Adeboye, H. O. Olawumi, A. S. Babatunde, S. K. Ernest, S. A. Aderibigbe,et al.
SAGE Publications
Background: For the establishment and monitoring of the immune status, CD4 count is critical. Objectives: To determine the CD4 count range of apparently healthy Nigerians resident in Ilorin and compare with the national value. Methods: An automated blood analyzer was used to determine the full blood count and CD4 count. The percentage of CD4 count was derived by using other variables. Results: Of the 1205 participants, the reference CD4 count (percentage of CD4) range for adult was 400 to 1288 cells/mm3 (19%-48%) and for children was 582 to 3652 cells/mm3 (17%-50%). CD4 count and percentage of CD4 were significantly ( P = .001) higher in females than in males, and the CD4 count declined significantly with increasing age ( r = −.174, P ≤ .0001). The percentage of CD4 count shows less variation with age ( r = −.051, P = .076). Adult residents of Ilorin had significantly lower absolute mean CD4 count (808 ± 260) than that of the national reference values of 847.0 ± 307.0 cells/mm3 ( P = .001). Conclusion: We therefore advocate the use of CD4 count range derived in this study is lower than that of the national reference values.
Wendy Janssens, Jann Goedecke, Godelieve J. de Bree, Sunday A. Aderibigbe, Tanimola M. Akande, and Alice Mesnard
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Objectives Better insights into health care utilization and out-of-pocket expenditures for non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCD) are needed to develop accessible health care and limit the increasing financial burden of NCCDs in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods A household survey was conducted in rural Kwara State, Nigeria, among 5,761 individuals. Data were obtained using biomedical and socio-economic questionnaires. Health care utilization, NCCD-related health expenditures and distances to health care providers were compared by sex and by wealth quintile, and a Heckman regression model was used to estimate health expenditures taking selection bias in health care utilization into account. Results The prevalence of NCCDs in our sample was 6.2%. NCCD-affected individuals from the wealthiest quintile utilized formal health care nearly twice as often as those from the lowest quintile (87.8% vs 46.2%, p = 0.002). Women reported foregone formal care more often than men (43.5% vs. 27.0%, p = 0.058). Health expenditures relative to annual consumption of the poorest quintile exceeded those of the highest quintile 2.2-fold, and the poorest quintile exhibited a higher rate of catastrophic health spending (10.8% among NCCD-affected households) than the three upper quintiles (4.2% to 6.7%). Long travel distances to the nearest provider, highest for the poorest quintile, were a significant deterrent to seeking care. Using distance to the nearest facility as instrument to account for selection into health care utilization, we estimated out-of-pocket health care expenditures for NCCDs to be significantly higher in the lowest wealth quintile compared to the three upper quintiles. Conclusions Facing potentially high health care costs and poor accessibility of health care facilities, many individuals suffering from NCCDs—particularly women and the poor—forego formal care, thereby increasing the risk of more severe illness in the future. When seeking care, the poor spend less on treatment than the rich, suggestive of lower quality care, while their expenditures represent a higher share of their annual household consumption. This calls for targeted interventions that enhance health care accessibility and provide financial protection from the consequences of NCCDs, especially for vulnerable populations.
B. Oyelade, A. Jemilohun and S. Aderibigbe
Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) is currently one of the most common sexual dysfunctions worldwide but it is usually underestimated because it is not a life threatening condition. The associated stigma makes men who have it to suffer in silence. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and the possible associated risk factors among Nigerian men. Methods The study was a descriptive cross-sectional population based survey among men aged 30-80 years in Ogbomoso, South-west, Nigeria. A multistage random sampling method was used. The instrument used was the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire-5 (IIEF-5). Unadjusted odds ratios of possible risk factors were calculated by univariate analyses. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to eliminate the effect of possible confounders on the risk factors to get the adjusted odds ratios. Results The general prevalence of ED in this study was 58.9%. Sixty-seven (47.2%), 16 (11.3%) and 59(41.5%) respondents had mild, moderate and severe ED respectively. Age, hypertension, use of anti-hypertensive drugs, diabetes mellitus and heart disease all had significant unadjusted associations with ED, but their adjusted associations were not statistically significant. Diabetes mellitus maintained a positive statistically significant relationship with ED after adjustment for potential confounders [OR= 8.31(95% CI 1.02 - 67.65), P= 0.048]. Conclusion The prevalence of ED is high among south-western Nigeria male adults. Physicians, especially primary care ones, need to pay more attention to the sexual history of their patients in order to diagnose and manage ED more frequently.
Emmanuel A. Anígilájé, Sunday A. Aderibigbe, Adekunle O. Adeoti, and Nnamdi O. Nweke
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Introduction In Nigeria, there is a dearth of pediatric data on the risk factors associated with tuberculosis (TB), before and after antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methodology A retrospective observational cohort study, between October 2010 and December 2013, at the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Nigeria. TB was noted among children less than 15 years of age at ART enrolment (prevalent TB-PrevTB), within 6 months (early incident tuberculosis-EITB) and after 6 months (late incident tuberculosis-LITB) of a 12-month follow-up on ART. Potential risk factors for PrevTB and incident TB were assessed using the multivariate logistic and Cox regression models respectively. Results Among 368 HIV-1 infected children, PrevTB was diagnosed in 73 children (19.8%). Twenty-eight EITB cases were diagnosed among 278 children over 132 person-years (py) with an EITB rate of 21.2/100 py. Twelve LITB cases were seen among 224 children over 221.9 py with a LITB rate of 5.4/100 py. A significant reduction in the incidence rates of TB was found over time (75%, p˂ 0.001). Young age of children (12–35 months, aOR; 24, 95% CI; 4.1–146.6, p ˂ 0.001; 36–59 months, aOR;21, 95%CI;4.0–114.3, p ˂ 0.001); history of TB in children (aOR; 29, 95% CI; 7.3–119.4, P˂ 0.001); severe immunosuppression (aOR;38, 95% CI;12–123.2,p ˂ 0.001); oropharyngeal candidiasis (aOR;3.3, 95% CI; 1.4–8.0, p = 0.009) and sepsis (aOR; 3.2, 95% CI;1.0–9.6, p = 0.043) increased the risk of PrevTB. Urban residency was protective against EITB (aHR; 0.1, 95% CI; 0.0–0.4, p = 0.001). Virological failure (aHR; 4.7, 95% CI; 1.3–16.5, p ˂ 0.001) and sepsis (aHR; 26, 95% CI; 5.3–131.9, p ˂ 0.001) increased the risk of LITB. Conclusions In our cohort of HIV-infected children, a significant reduction in cases of incident TB was seen following a 12-month use of ART. After ART initiation, TB screening should be optimized among children of rural residency, children with sepsis, and those with poor virological response to ART.
Emmanuel A Anígilájé, Othniel J Dabit, Ayodotun Olutola, Bem Ageda, and Sunday A Aderibigbe
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Emmanuel Olatunde Sanya, Olufemi Olumuyiwa Desalu, Feyiyemi Adepoju, Sunday Adedeji Aderibigbe, Akeem Shittu, and Olabode Olaosebikan
Pan African Medical Journal
Introduction The burden of stroke has been projected to increase for developing countries, but data are limited, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This necessitated this study to determine the stroke prevalence in a semi urban community in middle-belt region of Nigeria. Methods A two-phase door-to-door study was performed in three semi-urban communities of Kwara state; in the first phase 12,992 residents were screened and probable stroke cases were identified by trained health care workers. In the second phase individuals adjudged to be positive for stroke were screened with a stroke-specific questionnaire and made to undergo a complete neurological examination by a neurologist. Stroke diagnosis was based on clinical evaluation using WHO criteria. Results Out of the numbers that were screened, 18 probable stroke cases were identified in the first stage, and of these, 17 fulfilled WHO criteria for stroke, giving a crude prevalence rate of 1.31/1000 population. The prevalence of stroke was higher among the males than the females (1.54/1000 vs. 1.08/1000) with a ratio 1.4: 1. Sixteen subjects (94.1%) had one or more risk factors for stroke. Uncontrolled systemic hypertension (82.4%) was the commonest risk factors for stroke followed by transient ischaemic attack (TIA) (41.2%). Conclusion Stroke is a condition that is prevalent in our environment; especially in older adults and men. Uncontrolled systemic hypertension and previous transient ischaemic attacks were the commonest risk factors for stroke in our community.
HO Olawumi, A Fadeyi, SK Babatunde, AA Akanbi II, AS Babatunde, MA Sani, and SA Aderibigbe
African Journals Online (AJOL)
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among blood donors in Ilorin has not been documented. In this study, we determined the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among blood donors in Ilorin, as well as, the sociodemographic and other factors associated with it.
METHOD
This was a hospital-based cross sectional study involving 308 consenting blood donors. The sociodemographic characteristics of participants as well as blood donation history were obtained using structured questionnaires specifically designed for this purpose. Giemsastained thick and thin blood films to identify malaria parasites were performed using standard method. ABO blood grouping and haemoglobin electrophoresis tests were also done using standard methods.
RESULTS
The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among blood donors in Ilorin was 27.3%. The parasite species found were more of Plasmodium falciparum(85.7%) than Plasmodium malariae(14.3%) . There was no age or sex difference in malaria parasitaemia. (p-value of 0.8 and 0.32 respectively). A greater proportion of blood group O individuals had malaria parasitaemia than groups A and B but this difference was not significant (p-value = 0.13). There was also no significant difference among haemoglobin genotypes.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of malaria parasites among blood donors in Ilorin is considerably high and lack of routine screening of blood puts recipients at risk. We recommend that routine screening for malaria parasites be commenced in our blood banks. Treatment of donor blood with riboflavin and UV light to inactivate malaria parasites and other infectious pathogens before they are transfused to patients may also be considered in our blood banks.
O. O. Sekoni, S. A. Aderibigbe, and T. M. Akande
Hindawi Limited
Background.Testing for HIV during pregnancy provides a useful opportunity to institute treatment for HIV as required as well as protect the unborn baby. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of health education on the willingness of antenatal attendees to be screened for HIV.Methods. This was a quasiexperimental study involving the sequential enrolment of 122 pregnant women attending antenatal care who were at a gestational age of between 13 and 28 weeks for the study group and subsequent enrolment of the same one month after for the control. Two-stage analysis was done with the use of descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis. Level of significance was set at 5%.Results. Mean age of the study respondents was 27.6 ± 4.6 years while that of the control was 27.5 ± 4.8 years. Majority of the respondents were married in both study, 88 (72.7%), and control groups 84 (72.4%), 76.1% of the study group and 79.3% of the control group had at least secondary education, and 39.7% of the study group and 37.9% of the control group were primigravidae. Before intervention, 88.4% of the study group and 88.8% of the control group were willing to undergo voluntary HIV screening. There was an increase in this number after intervention (P<0.05). Age, education, occupation, marital status, and parity were not significantly associated with a willingness to be screened for HIV before and after intervention among the study or control groups.Conclusion. Health education as a strategy to enhance voluntary counseling and testing uptake in antenatal settings is advocated.