Mohammad Safiqul Islam
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Noakhali Science and Technology University: Noakhali, Sonapur, BD
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Scopus Publications
Anamika Datta, Fatema Tuz Zahora, Md. Abdul Aziz, Mohammad Sarowar Uddin, Mahmuda Ferdous, Md. Shalahuddin Millat, Md. Shahid Sarwar, Md. Abdul Barek, Sarah Jafrin, Shamsun Nahar, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam
International Immunopharmacology, ISSN: 15675769, eISSN: 18781705, Published: December 2020 Elsevier BV
OBJECTIVE
Cervical cancer is one of the most destructive diseases among females worldwide, especially in developing countries. Interleukin-10 (IL10) is a multifunctional cytokine, and polymorphisms in the IL10 gene have been identified in multiple malignancies. However, no prior studies were conducted to determine the association of IL10 polymorphisms (rs1800872 and rs1800896) with cervical cancer patients in Bangladesh.
METHODS
This case-control study was carried out on 240 cervical cancer patients and 204 healthy volunteers. Genotyping was performed using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR).
RESULTS
In the case of rs1800872, CA and AA genotypes significantly increased the risk of cervical cancer (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.01-2.49, p = 0.043; OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.53-4.93, p = 0.0007, respectively) but the significance did not exist for CA genotype after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.025). An increased risk was also observed for the dominant model, recessive model, and allele model (A vs. C) of rs1800872 (dominant model: OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.18-2.80, p = 0.006; recessive model: OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.22-3.29, p = 0.006; allele model: OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.19-2.03, p = 0.001) which remained significant after the correction of Bonferroni. For rs1800896, only GG genotype and recessive model showed increased risk for cervical cancer (GG vs. AA: OR = 3.48, 95% CI = 1.46-8.31, p = 0.005; recessive model: OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.52-8.38, p = 0.003). These associations were statistically significant, and the significance existed after Bonferroni correction. Haplotype analysis revealed that AA haplotype significantly increased the risk (OR = 1.56, p = 0.001) whereas, CA haplotype significantly lowered the risk (OR = 0.42, p = 2.42x10-8), and both rs1800872 and rs1800896 are strongly in linkage disequilibrium (D'=1, r2 = 0.333). Moreover, the IL10 mRNA level was found up-regulated in silico in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared to healthy tissues (p = 1.11x10-16).
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that rs1800872 and rs1800896 polymorphisms of IL10 gene are associated with cervical cancer in Bangladeshi females.
Md. Saddam Hussain, Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui, Susmita Mondal, Md. Shalahuddin Millat, Sadiatul Marzan, Md. Giash Uddin, Md. Abdul Aziz, Md. Faruq Alam, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Heliyon, ISSN: 24058440, Published: October 2020 Elsevier BV
Purpose DRD2 gene is considered one of the most important candidate genes for the schizophrenia (SCZ) development due to its role in dopamine signaling and no genetic association study has been conducted yet on the Bangladeshi SCZ patients. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association of DRD2 genetic polymorphisms (rs4648317, rs4936270, and rs7131056) with SCZ in the Bangladeshi population. Patients and methods This case-control study consisted of 101 SCZ patients and 101 controls. Genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) method. Results The average ages were 22.15 and 22.09 years in patients and controls, respectively (p > 0.05). CT genotype of rs4936270 showed a significantly higher risk for the development of SCZ compared to CC genotype (OR = 2.0, p = 0.023), whereas no association was found for TT genotype. For the dominant model and T allele, rs4936270 showed a higher risk for the development of SCZ (OR = 2.01, p = 0.020; OR = 1.76, p = 0.021, respectively), while the recessive model had no association with SCZ. A statistically significant (OR = 2.70, p = 0.036) higher risk was found for the AA genotype, but no association was found for GA genotype of rs4648317 SNP compared to GG genotype. In case of dominant and recessive models, rs4648317 showed no association with SCZ. ‘A’ allele of rs4648317 SNP was found to be significantly associated with the elevated risk of SCZ (OR = 1.50, p = 0.044). No association with SCZ of rs7131056 SNP was found for AC, CC genotypes, dominant, recessive, and allele models. Furthermore, from the haplotyping analysis, we found that CAA and TAA haplotypes of rs4936270, rs7131056 and rs4648317 SNPs are associated with SCZ (χ2 = 8.26, p = 0.004; χ2 = 5.31, p = 0.021, respectively). After Bonferroni correction, the association of SCZ did not withstand with any genotype, allele and haplotype (p < 0.017) except CAA haplotype. Conclusion Our results suggest that DRD2 gene polymorphisms may be associated with the susceptibility of SCZ in the young Bangladeshi population.
Mohammad Nurul Amin, Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui, Md. Giash Uddin, Md. Ibrahim, S. M. Naim Uddin, Md. Tarek Adnan, Md. Zahedur Rahaman, Auditi Kar, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Biological Trace Element Research, ISSN: 01634984, eISSN: 15590720, Volume: 197, Pages: 384-393, Published: 1 October 2020 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Generally female individuals are more prone to obesity due to their lifestyle and physiology. However, female individuals have got little attention in this aspect. This pioneering study designed to find the level of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), non-enzymatic antioxidant (vitamin C), other trace elements (zinc and iron), and macro-minerals (sodium, potassium, and calcium) for female obesity determining its role and action in disease diagnosis along with propagation. For this prospective case-control study, 70 female obese and 70 healthy individuals were evaluated. Serum lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was measured to determine the level of lipid peroxidation. UV spectrophotometric method was implemented for vitamin C concentration to measure serum ascorbic acid. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was implemented to determine serum macro-minerals (Na, K, and Ca), and trace elements (Zn and Fe) were estimated. For statistical analysis, student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation test were executed. A significantly higher concentration of serum MDA ( p < 0.001) and low concentration of antioxidants (vitamin C) ( p < 0.001) are observed in patient than control group. We found a lower concentration of trace elements (zinc, iron) and macro-minerals (sodium, potassium, and calcium) in patients compared to control except sodium. The mean concentrations for serum Zn, Fe, Na, K, and Ca were 0.34 ± 0.01, 0.25 ± 0.01, 3828.91 ± 205.09, 90.42 ± 6.45, and 43.04 ± 2.38 mg/L and 0.78 ± 0.08, 0.84 ± 0.08, 2600.97 ± 99.79, 223.79 ± 14.64, and 86.43 ± 2.78 mg/L, respectively, for female obese patients and control subjects ( p < 0.001). We can suggest from our study that there is a strong association of female obesity with increased serum concentrations of MDA and reduced non-enzymatic antioxidant vitamin C and different serum trace metals and macro-minerals.
Shamima Nasrin Anonna, Sayed Koushik Ahamed, Md. Giash Uddin, Md. Tarek Adnan, S.M. Naim Uddin, Md. Saddam Hussain, Md. Shalahuddin Millat, Latifa Bulbul, Rita Bhatta, Md. Shahid Sarwar, Md. Mamun ur Rashid, Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Heliyon, ISSN: 24058440, Published: October 2020 Elsevier BV
Background Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of death globally. Countries vary in their rates, and changes have occurred over time. Nowadays, developing countries pose new public health challenges. Objectives The objective of the present study was to appraise the alterations in the levels of serum Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn that occur in patients with ischemic heart disease and to depict the correlations of the effects of these changes that lead to the pathogenesis of IHD. Methods Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn in the IHD patients were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Results This study evaluated 52 patients with IHD, and 61 healthy volunteers served as controls. The primary outcomes of interest were explored regarding the correlations of the serum levels of these trace elements in patients with IHD. The secondary outcomes were explored in terms of inter-element relations to connect them with the pathogenesis of IHD. Our study found significantly reduced levels of Zn and Cu (2.50 ± 0.19 mg/L and 2.52 ± 0.17 mg/L, respectively) and an elevated level of Fe (148.97 ± 17.25 mg/L) in the patient group with IHD. The level of Mn (7.32 ± 1.23 mg/L) was elevated in the sera of the patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) compared to healthy control subjects. Conclusion Our results indicate strong associations of the pathogenesis of IHD with depleted serum levels of Zn and Cu and elevated Fe and Mn levels, which may provide a prognostic tool for the treatment of this concerning the disease.
Most. Umme Bushra, Sanzana Fareen Rivu, Ali Ehsan Sifat, Noor Ahmed Nahid, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Mir Md. Abdullah Al-Mamun, Mohd Nazmul Hasan Apu, Md. Siddiqul Islam, Md. Reazul Islam, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, and Abul Hasnat
Molecular Biology Reports, ISSN: 03014851, eISSN: 15734978, Pages: 7073-7082, Published: 1 September 2020 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Inter-individual genetic makeup can trigger variability in platinum-based chemotherapeutic responses and corresponding adverse drug reactions and toxicities. Exploring the genetic causes behind these inter-individual variabilities in platinum-based chemotherapeutic responses by investigating the effects of GSTP1 (rs1695), XRCC1 (rs25487), XPC (rs2228001) and ERCC1 (rs11615) genetic polymorphisms on toxicity and therapeutic response of this treatment among Bangladeshi advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients was the aim of this study. 285 Clinically proven either stage IIIB or IV (advanced) NSCLC patients aging not less than 18 years old and receiving platinum-based chemotherapy were recruited to assess the influence of these four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on peripheral leukocytes. Toxicity and response were evaluated by multivariate regression analyses using SPSS statistical software (version 17.0). XRCC1 (rs25487) polymorphism was found to act as a predictive factor for not only grade 3 and 4 anemia (p = 0.008), neutropenia (p = 0.010), thrombocytopenia (p = 0.025) and gastrointestinal toxicity (p = 0.002) but also for therapeutic response (p = 0.012) in platinum-based chemotherapy. Although GSTP1 (rs1695) polymorphism might serve as prognostic factor regarding grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, a significant (p = 0.044) improvement in response to platinum-based chemotherapy was observed. However, XPC (rs2228001) and ERCC1 (rs11615) polymorphisms could not establish any significant relation with toxicity or therapeutic response. XRCC1 (rs2228001) and GSTP1 (rs1695) polymorphisms might explain platinum-induced clinical outcomes in terms of both toxicity and therapeutic response variations among Bangladeshi advanced NSCLC patients.
M. A. Aziz, T. Akter, M. Hussain, Md. Shalahuddin Millat, M. S. Uddin, M. Sajal, Sarah Jafrin, T. D. Aka, Tarzina Akter, Chaity Das and M. S. Islam
Meta Gene, eISSN: 22145400, Published: September 2020
Abstract Purpose Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a genetically complicated neuropsychiatric developmental disorder. As the pathogenesis of ASD is not clear till now, we have carried out the present case-control study to validate the association of GRIK1 rs363598 and intergenic rs360932 polymorphisms with ASD in the Bangladeshi children. Methods and materials We used Tetra-primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR) to study 98 ASD children and 112 healthy volunteers from different institutes of Bangladesh. Results The mean CARS score of the ASD children was 41.84 ± 9.28. The rs363598 SNP pretended a significantly higher risk for the progression of ASD with children carrying CC genotype, dominant and recessive models (OR = 4.34, p = .015; OR = 2.07, p = .015 and OR = 3.77, p = .026, respectively). Children with C allele (minor) significantly (p = .002) revealed 2.17 times elevated risk of autism compared to T allele. Again, intergenic rs360932 SNP presented a significantly elevated risk for the development of ASD with AA genotype, dominant and recessive models (OR = 2.34, p = .009; OR = 1.88, p = .026 and OR = 2.25, p = .009, respectively). Children with A allele (minor) had 2.00 times more risk compared to wild allele (p Conclusions This study concludes that both rs363598 and rs360932 are significantly associated with the risk of ASD in Bangladeshi children. We believe that this case-control study will provide more opportunities to work on these SNPs on a large scale as well as other genes associated with ASD in future investigations.
Md. Rabiul Islam, Samia Ali, James Regun Karmoker, Mohammad Fahim Kadir, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Zabun Nahar, Sardar Mohammad Ashraful Islam, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Abul Hasnat, and Md. Saiful Islam
BMC Psychiatry, eISSN: 1471244X, Published: 24 June 2020 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Background The alterations of biological markers are thought to be effective tools to understand the pathophysiology and management of major depressive disorder (MDD). A lot of researches has implied many markers for depression, but any of them fully discovered the association between the markers and depression. The present study investigated the serum levels of amino acids and non-enzymatic antioxidants in major depression, and also explained their association with depression. Methods This study examined 247 MDD patients and 248 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age and sex. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D) was used to all the participants to measure the severity of depression. Quantification of serum amino acids, vitamin A and E were carried out using the HPLC system whereas vitamin C levels were measured by UV-spectrophotometer. All the statistical analysis was performed by SPSS statistical software (version 23.0). The independent sample t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Fisher’s exact test were applied to detect the group differences where a Bonferroni correction applied to the p value. Results It was observed that serum levels of four amino acids (methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) along with three non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin A, E, and C) were significantly dropped in MDD patients compared to HCs (Cohen’s d (d): − 0.45, − 0.50, − 0.68, − 0.21, − 0.27, − 0.65, and − 0.24, respectively). Furthermore, Ham-D scores of cases were negatively correlated with serum levels of methionine ( r = − 0.155, p = 0.015) and tyrosine ( r = − 0.172, p = 0.007). Conclusion The present study suggests that lowered serum methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and non-enzymatic antioxidants are associated with depression. The reduction of these parameters in MDD patients may be the consequence, and not the cause, of major depression.
Sarah Jafrin, Md Abdul Aziz, Shamima Nasrin Anonna, Tahmina Akter, Nura Ershad Naznin, Sharif Reza, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, ISSN: 15137368, eISSN: 2476762X, Pages: 1511-1519, Published: 1 June 2020 EpiSmart Science Vector Ltd
BACKGROUND
A transversion missense polymorphism of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene at the codon 72 codes proline instead of arginine causes an altered p53 protein expression and has been found to be associated with an elevated risk of various cancer; especially breast and lung cancer. As the previous case-control studies on the South Asian population have shown controversial results, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate a precise estimation of the relationship between the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism with breast and lung cancer.
METHODS
A total of 12 related studies on the South Asian population have been included through comprehensive database searching. Six studies were selected for breast cancer meta-analysis involving 950 cases and 882 controls; the other six studies were for lung cancer meta-analysis including 975 cases and 1397 controls. The results have been determined by using the Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3. Additionally, the stability of our analysis was assessed by heterogeneity, publication bias analysis and sensitivity testing.
RESULTS
A significantly increased risk of breast cancer was found in Pro allele (Pro vs. Arg), co-dominant model 2 (Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg), dominant model (Pro/Pro + Arg/Pro vs. Arg/Arg). In case of lung cancer, significantly increased risk was found in the allele, co-dominant 1, co-dominant 2, co-dominant 3, dominant, and recessive models. No association with other genetic models with breast and lung cancer risk was found in the South Asian population.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism is a risk factor for the development of breast cancer and lung cancer in the South Asian population.
Anika Uddin Hridy, Samia Shabnaz, M d Asaduzzaman, Mohammad Shahriar, Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, S M Moazzem Hossen, and Talha Bin Emran
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, ISSN: 15137368, eISSN: 2476762X, Pages: 1445-1451, Published: 1 May 2020 EpiSmart Science Vector Ltd
Objectives: In case of Bangladeshi population, no report is observed till now showing the genetic variations of RAD51 (rs1801320) and XRCC2 (rs3218536) genes polymorphism having association with colorectal cancer risk. For this reason the aim of this study is to ascertain their interrelation with colorectal cancer occurrence in Bangladeshi population. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted where 200 colorectal cancer patients and 200 healthy volunteers were figured for this research using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Here, in case of RAD51 (rs1801320), G/C heterozygous genotype was found significant (p=0.037; OR=1.64; 95% CI=1.03 to 2.6). On the other hand, G/G genotype was not found statistically significant (p=0.423; OR=1.61; 95% CI=0.49 to 5.22) and significance was observed for GC+GG (p=0.030; OR=1.63; 95% CI=1.05 to 2.55). In case of XRCC2 (rs3218536), C/T heterozygous genotype was remarked statistically significant (p=0.033; OR=1.60; 95% CI=1.04 to 2.46). The T/T genotype was not recorded statistically significant (p=0.237; OR=1.65; 95% CI=0.72 to 3.76) but significance found for CT+TT (p=0.027; OR=1.61; 95% CI=1.05 to 2.45). Moreover, it is found that the risk factor of developing CRC is observed in G/C, C/T heterozygote and GC+GG, CT+TT (heterozygote+ mutant) in RAD51 (rs1801320) and XRCC2 (rs3218536) respectively although no significance is observed in case of G/G and T/T mutant. Conclusions: So, the association of RAD51 (rs1801320) and XRCC2 (rs3218536) genes polymorphism with colorectal cancer risk is observed in Bangladeshi population.
Mohammad Mamunur Rashid, I. Ahmed, M. A. Islam, Tasnova Tasnim, Noor Ahmed Nahid, Mohd Nazmul Hasan Apu, M. A. Al-Mamun, M. R. Islam, M. U. Ahmed, M. Karim, M. N. Islam, K. Yokota, Samia Shabnaz, H. Reza, M. S. Islam and A. Hasnat
Drugs and Therapy Perspectives, ISSN: 11720360, eISSN: 11791977, Pages: 202-207, Published: 1 May 2020
Background Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) enzymes play a crucial role in azathioprine metabolism. Mutations in the enzyme initiate generation of excess thioguanine, which causes suppression of various cell lineages. Objectives The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of TPMT mutation in Bangladeshi patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) requiring azathioprine therapy and its relation to the development of myelosuppression. Methods 250 patients with SLE were enrolled, then monitored for myelosuppression adverse events for 4 months. TPMT *3C (rs1142345), TPMT *3B (rs1800460), and TPMT *2 (rs1800462) polymorphisms were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. The risk of myelosuppression (i.e., leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia) was estimated as the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p values. Results Of the 250 patients, 17 (6.8%) were heterozygous for the TPMT *3 mutation and 233 (93.2%) were homozygous for the wild type; no patients carried a homozygous mutation. Grade III/IV leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia occurred in 12.0%, 12.0%, and 27.9% of wild-type TPMT patients respectively; corresponding rates in heterozygous TPMT *3C patients were 70.6%, 64.7%, and 5.9%. Patients with Grade III/IV azathioprine-induced leukopenia were significantly more likely to have the heterozygous TPMT *3C genotype than the wild-type variant (OR 17.6; 95% CI 5.8–53.6; p < 0.0001), with comparable results for Grade III/IV azathioprine-induced thrombocytopenia (OR 13.4; 95% CI 4.6–39.2; p < 0.0001). Conclusion Patients with SLE carrying the TPMT *3C heterozygous genotype are at risk of azathioprine-induced myelosuppression.
Fatema Tuz Zahra, Noor Ahmed Nahid, Md. Reazul Islam, Mir Md. Abdullah Al-Mamun, Mohd Nazmul Hasan Apu, Zabun Nahar, Amin Lutful Kabir, Subrata K. Biswas, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, and Abul Hasnat
Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma and Leukemia, ISSN: 21522650, eISSN: 21522669, Pages: e58-e65, Published: February 2020 Elsevier BV
BACKGROUND
The objective of this pharmacogenetic study was to investigate the relationship of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms with methotrexate (MTX)-induced toxicities and plasma homocysteine level in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from Bangladesh. Several polymorphisms result in reduced MTHFR activity that causes impaired remethylation of homocysteine to methionine and abnormal MTX metabolism, especially in tissues with high turnover. Therefore, the risk of elevated plasma homocysteine as well as MTX-induced toxicities become higher with MTHFR polymorphisms.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We recruited 160 patients with ALL receiving MTX containing chemotherapeutic protocol, and they were genotyped for MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. We also measured the plasma homocysteine level of 51 patients by the AxSYM homocysteine assay method.
RESULTS
We found 68.1% CC, 26.3% CT, and 5.6% TT genotype for MTHFR C677T polymorphism and 39.3% AA, 46.9% AC, and 13.8% CC genotype for MTHFR A1298C polymorphism in patients with ALL. Our study suggested that MTX-induced mucositis and diarrhea are significantly associated with MTHFR C677T as well as MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms (P < .05).
CONCLUSION
The risk of elevated plasma homocysteine level was 5 to 6 times higher for both polymorphisms. This study may help to identify the patients who are at higher risk for MTX-related toxicities.
Sadiatul Marzan, Md. Abdul Aziz, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Journal of Molecular Neuroscience, ISSN: 08958696, eISSN: 15591166, Published: 2020 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a destructive neuropsychiatric illness affecting millions of people worldwide. The correlation between RELN gene polymorphisms and SCZ was investigated by previous researches, though the results remained conflicting. Based on the available studies, we conducted this meta-analysis to provide a more comprehensive outcome on whether the RELN gene polymorphisms (rs7341475 and rs262355) are associated with SCZ. A total of 15 studies with 25,403 subjects (9047 cases and 16,356 controls) retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, Wiley, BMC, Cochrane, Springer, MDPI, SAGE, and Google Scholar up to June 2020 were included. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. The heterogeneity was checked using I2 statistics and Q-test, whereas publication bias was also measured. The rs7341475 polymorphism showed a significantly lower risk for SCZ for the allele (A vs. G: OR = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.87-0.99), codominant 1 (AG vs. GG: OR = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.85-0.99), dominant model (AA+AG vs. GG: OR = 0.92, 95%CI = 0.86-0.98), and over dominant model (AG vs. AA+GG: OR = 0.92, 95%Cl = 0.86-0.99). The allele, codominant model 1, and dominant models remained statistically significant after the correction of the Bonferroni (p < 0.025). Subgroup analysis confirmed the association of allele and dominant models in the Caucasian after Bonferroni correction. For rs262355 polymorphism, a significantly increased risk of SCZ was found only in Caucasians for codominant 2, dominant, and allele models, but significance exists only for the allele model after Bonferroni correction. Publication bias was found in the case of codominant 2 and recessive models for rs7341475 in the overall population, but this publication was not found after performing the Bonferroni correction or after performing the subgroup analysis. No such publication was found for rs262355. The results suggest that RELN rs7341475 is associated with a lower risk of SCZ in the overall population and Caucasian population, but rs262355 is associated with an increased risk of SCZ only in the Caucasian population.
Priyanka Florina Karmokar, Samia Shabnaz, Md. Abdul Aziz, Md. Asaduzzaman, Mohammad Shahriar, Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan, Abu Syed Md Mosaddek, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Tumor Biology, ISSN: 10104283, eISSN: 14230380, Published: 2020 SAGE Publications
Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common type of malignancy worldwide that may develop due to the accumulation of several genetic variations. Different single nucleotide polymorphisms of SMAD1 gene are assumed to be linked with increased colorectal cancer risk. The current case-control study was conducted to verify the association of genetic polymorphisms of SMAD1 (rs11100883 and rs7661162) with colorectal cancer in the Bangladeshi population. This study was performed on 275 colorectal cancer patients and 300 healthy volunteers using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The odds ratios were adjusted for age and sex with logistic regression analysis. In case of SMAD1 rs11100883 polymorphism, GA heterozygous genotype, GA + AA (dominant model), and minor allele “A” were significantly associated with colorectal cancer (adjusted odds ratio = 1.55, 95% confidence interval = 1.09–2.20, p = 0.014; adjusted odds ratio = 1.59, 95% confidence interval = 1.13–2.23, p = 0.008; and odds ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval = 1.06–1.73, p = 0.015, respectively) and the significance exists after the Bonferroni correction. Again, single nucleotide polymorphism rs7661162 showed significant association with an elevated colorectal cancer risk for AG heterozygous genotype, AG + GG (dominant model), AG versus AA + GG (overdominant model), and minor allele “G” (adjusted odds ratio = 1.78, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–2.56, p = 0.002; adjusted odds ratio = 1.68, 95% confidence interval = 1.18–2.39, p = 0.004; adjusted odds ratio = 1.76, 95% confidence interval = 1.23–2.53, p = 0.002; and odds ratio = 1.47, 95% confidence interval = 1.08–2.00, p = 0.014, respectively) and significance withstands after the Bonferroni correction. No significant age and gender differences between cases and controls were observed. In silico, gene expression analysis showed that the SMAD1 mRNA level was downregulated in the colon and rectal cancer tissues compared to healthy tissues. In conclusion, our findings indicate that SMAD1 rs11100883 and rs7661162 polymorphisms are responsible for increasing the susceptibility of colorectal cancer development in the Bangladeshi population.
Fabliha Ahmed Chowdhury, S. M. E. Al Baker, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Noor Ahmed Nahid, Mir Abdullah Al Mamun, Md. Reazul Islam, Mohd Nazmul Hasan Apu, Zabun Nahar, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, and Abul Hasnat
Drugs and Therapy Perspectives, ISSN: 11720360, eISSN: 11791977, Pages: 621-626, Published: 1 December 2019 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Statin-induced toxicities are widely prevalent in Bangladesh, and most commonly include skeletal muscle disorders, which range from mild myalgia and myositis to rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria, and decreased libido. However, the genetic basis of statin-related toxicities is largely unknown in Bangladesh. As mutations in the coenzyme Q2 (COQ2) gene are associated with a severe type of myopathy and variations in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α gene are related to serious inflammatory pain, in this study, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in COQ2 (rs4693075) and TNF-α (rs1799724) genes would be related to individual variation in statin intolerance. The most widespread cases of statin intolerance in Bangladesh (i.e., myopathy, myalgia, and decreased libido) were the chosen toxicities for this study. We studied 57 patients who developed different types of toxicities upon statin monotherapy and 94 matched controls who tolerated statins without any incident or complaint. In comparison with TNF-α polymorphisms, COQ2 genotypes showed significant associations with statin intolerance in patients with myopathy and decreased libido. For the mutant homozygous CC genotype, the odds ratio (OR) for myopathy was 10.10 (95% CI 2.60–39.23; p = 0.001), whereas for decreased libido, the OR was 0.18 (95% CI 0.03–0.97; p = 0.046). In conclusion, this preliminary pharmacogenetic study identifies that COQ2 gene polymorphism (rs4693075, G > C), not TNF-α gene polymorphism (rs1799724, C > T), is involved in causing statin-induced myopathy in Bangladeshi hyperlipidemic patients.
Md. Tarek Adnan, Mohammad Nurul Amin, Md. Giash Uddin, Md. Saddam Hussain, Md. Shahid Sarwar, Md. Kamrul Hossain, S.M. Naim Uddin, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, ISSN: 18714021, eISSN: 18780334, Pages: 933-938, Published: March - April 2019 Elsevier BV
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Obesity is an emerging public health concern in Bangladesh. This study aimed to find the levels of the serum malondialdehyde (MDA), non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin A, C and E), trace elements (zinc and iron) and macro-minerals (calcium, potassium and sodium) in obesity and its action in disease advancement.
METHODS
Level of lipid peroxidation was estimated by measurement of the serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA). Vitamin A and E concentration was found by RP-HPLC method and vitamin C was assessed for serum ascorbic acid by UV spectrophotometric method. Serum trace elements (Zn and Fe) and macro-minerals (Na, K and Ca) were estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).
RESULTS
Our study observed significantly elevated concentrations of MDA (p < 0.001) and depleted concentrations of antioxidants (vitamin A, E and C) (p < 0.05) in the patient than control group. Analysis of serum trace elements (Zn and Fe) and macro-minerals (Na, K and Ca) and found that the mean values of Zn, Fe, Na, K and Ca were 0.39 ± 0.02 and 0.43 ± 0.03, 3284.81 ± 34.51, 162.18 ± 3.72, 44.62 ± 2.13 mg/L for the patient and 0.91 ± 0.13, 0.88 ± 0.06, 2562.74 ± 95.92, 243.58 ± 8.97, 87.66 ± 2.10 mg/L for the controls, consequently. There was a substantial difference in trace elements and macro-minerals between the patients and controls (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Our study proposes that increased serum concentrations of MDA and decreased non-enzymatic antioxidant and altered trace elements and macro-minerals are powerfully related with obesity.
Mohammad Nurul Amin, Md. Saddam Hussain, Md. Shahid Sarwar, Md. Mizanur Rahman Moghal, Abhijit Das, Mohammad Zahid Hossain, Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury, Md. Shalahuddin Millat, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, ISSN: 18714021, eISSN: 18780334, Pages: 1213-1224, Published: March - April 2019 Elsevier BV
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunction and over nutrition. Increased body mass index and obesity are strongly amalgamated with changes in the physiological function of adipose tissue, leading to altered secretion of adipocytokines, inflammatory mediators release as well as chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. The purposes of this study were to review the evidence of how obesity and inflammation may lead to insulin resistance and cancer.
SUMMARY
Recent findings suggested that increased level of inflammatory mediators in obesity, plays an introductory and cabalistic role in the development of different types of inflammatory disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Link between elevated body mass index and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several of the factors-such as increased levels of leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, decreased levels of adiponectin, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation etc. consequently result in carcinogenesis and carcinogenic progression too.
CONCLUSION
This review summarizes how cytokine production in adipose tissue of obese subject creates a chronic inflammatory environment that favors tumor cell motility and invasion to enhance the metastatic potential of tumor cells. High levels of cytokine in the circulation of affected individuals have been associated with a significantly worse outcome. This article also reconnoiters the mechanisms that link obesity to numerous disorders such as inflammation, diabetes, cancers and most specifically combine these processes in a single image. Understanding these mechanisms may assist to understand the consequences of obesity.
Abhijit Das, Md. Shahid Sarwar, Md. Shohel Hossain, Palash Karmakar, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Mohammad Enayet Hussain, and Sujan Banik
Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, ISSN: 15500594, eISSN: 21695202, Pages: 63-72, Published: 1 January 2019 SAGE Publications
Background. Epilepsy is one of the chronic and heterogeneous epidemic neurological disorders leading to substantial mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C, and trace elements namely zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) in epileptic patients of Bangladesh and to establish if there are any pathophysiological correlations. Methods. This was a case-control study with 40 generalized epileptic patients and 40 healthy subjects as controls. Epilepsy was determined by the presence of seizure events with an abnormal electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging report of brain. Results. Anthropometric parameters highlighted that age is a major risk factor of epilepsy and men are more prone to epilepsy than women. Blood serum analysis demonstrated significantly (P < .001) higher values of MDA and lower level of vitamin C in the patient group (4.41 ± 0.76 μmol/mL and 18.31 ± 0.84 μmol/L, respectively) compared with control (1.81 ± 0.70 μmol/mL and 29.72 ± 1.06 μmol/L, respectively). Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between the serum level of MDA and vitamin C for both patient (r = −0.023, P = .887) and control group (r = −0.142, P = .383). This study also revealed that the trace elements (Zn, Cu) were significantly (P < .05) lower in epileptics (68.32 ± 4.59 and 50.81 ± 2.54 μg/dL, respectively) where the level of Mn in patients (187.71 ± 9.04 μg/dL) was almost similar to that of the control group (P > .05). The univariate analysis demonstrated that zinc <70 μg/dL (odds ratio = 3.56, P < .05) and copper <50 μg/dL were associated (odds ratio = 14.73, P < .001) with an increased risk of epilepsy. Establishment of interelement relationship strongly supported that there was a disturbance in the element homeostasis of epileptic patients. Conclusions. The study results strengthen the role of lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and trace elements in the pathogenesis and warrant larger studies to investigate the association of these biochemical parameters with epilepsy.
Md Rabiul Islam, Md Reazul Islam, M. M. A. Shalahuddin Qusar, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Md Humayun Kabir, G. K. M. Mustafizur Rahman, Md Saiful Islam, and Abul Hasnat
BMC Psychiatry, eISSN: 1471244X, Published: 10 April 2018 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a mixed disorder with the highly irregular course, inconsistent response to treatment and has no well-known mechanism for the pathophysiology. Major causes of depression are genetic, neurobiological, and environmental. However, over the past few years, altered serum levels of macro-minerals (MM) and trace elements (TE) have been recognized as major causative factors to the pathogenesis of many mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the serum levels of MM (calcium and magnesium) and TE (copper, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc) in MDD patients and find out their associations with depression risk.MethodsThis prospective case-control study recruited 247 patients and 248 healthy volunteers matched by age and sex. The serum levels of MM and TE were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Statistical analysis was performed with independent sample t-tests and Pearson’s correlation test.ResultsWe found significantly decreased concentrations of calcium and magnesium, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc in MDD patients compared with control subjects (p < 0.05). But the concentration of copper was significantly increased in the patients than control subjects (p < 0.05). Data obtained from different inter-element relations in MDD patients and control subjects strongly suggest that there is a disturbance in the element homeostasis.ConclusionOur study suggests that altered serum concentrations of MM and TE are major contributing factors for the pathogenesis of MDD. Alterations of these elements in serum levels of MDD patients arise independently and they may provide a prognostic tool for the assessment of depression risk.
Fokhrul Abedin, Md. Saddam Hussain, Areful Islam, Niloy Sen, Abhijit Das, Auditi Kar, Md. Monir Hossain, Md. Shalahuddin Millat, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, and
Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, ISSN: 22233806, eISSN: 19275951, Pages: 129-136, Published: 2018 Set Publishers
The present study was aimed to create scientific insights that validate the traditional use of bark of ethanolic extract of S. cumini in thrombosis, CNS depression and in diarrheal cases. The CNS depressant activity was evaluated by observing the locomotor activity of the animals in the open field and forced swim methods at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and the anti-diarrheal activity was evaluated through castor oil induced method and charcoal induced GI motility tests. Finally thrombolytic activity assessment was done by employing Streptokinase as standard. In this study, among the five different concentrations 10 mg/ml showed maximum clot lysis that was 48.5%, whereas standard showed 51.05% lysis of clot. In case of open field test, the mean number of movement at 60 min were 20 and 31.11 at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. In case of castor oil induced method the above two doses of bark extract of S. cumini exhibited 23.07% and 36.67% of diarrheal inhibition compared to the standard Loperamide (5mg/kg) was 50%. For charcoal induced GI motility test, diarrheal inhibition was 23.07% and 36.67%. The present revealed that ethanolic bark extract of bark of S. cumini justify its traditional uses through good thrombolytic, CNS depressant and anti-diarrheal activity.
Noor Ahmed Nahid, Mohd Nazmul Hasan Apu, Md. Reazul Islam, Samia Shabnaz, Surid Mohammad Chowdhury, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Zabun Nahar, Md. Siddiqul Islam, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, and Abul Hasnat
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, ISSN: 03445704, eISSN: 14320843, Pages: 119-129, Published: 1 January 2018 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
BackgroundSignificant inter-individual variation in the sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) represents a major therapeutic hindrance either by impairing drug response or inducing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study aimed at exploring the cause behind this inter-individual alterations in consequences of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy by investigating the effects of DPYD*2A and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms on toxicity and response of 5-FU in Bangladeshi colorectal cancer patients.MethodsColorectal cancer patients (n = 161) receiving 5-FU-based chemotherapy were prospectively enrolled. DPYD and MTHFR polymorphisms were assessed in peripheral leukocytes. Multivariate analyses were applied to evaluate which variables could predict chemotherapy-induced toxicity and efficacy.ResultsMultivariate analyses showed that DPYD*2A polymorphism was a predictive factor (P = 0.023) for grade 3 and grade 4 5-fluorouracil-related toxicities. Although MTHFR C677T polymorphism might act as forecasters for grade 3 or grade 4 neutropenia, diarrhea, and mucositis, this polymorphism was found to increase significantly (P = 0.006) the response of 5-FU.ConclusionDPYD*2A and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms could explain 5-FU toxicity or clinical outcome in Bangladeshi colorectal patients.
Areful Islam, Md. Saddam Hussain, Niloy Sen, Fokhrul Abedin, Md. Shalahuddin Millat, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Abhijit Das, Auditi Kar, and Md. Monir Hossain
Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, eISSN: 23525541, Pages: 61-66, Published: December 2017 Elsevier BV
Abstract Leucas lavandulifolia, locally called ‘Halkusha or Donkolos’ is a well-known medicinal plant in Bangladesh. The crude methanolic extract of L. lavandulifolia was designed to investigate for its possible chemical groups, thrombolytic, anthelmintic, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Thrombolytic and anthelmintic activities were elucidated by taking human erythrocytes and earthworms as test models. The plant extract was divided into two different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) for evaluating anxiolytic and CNS depressant property on swiss-albino mice by using different test models such as elevated plus maze, hole board, open field and forced Swim tests. The phytochemical analysis of the crude extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, phytosterols and phenols. In the thrombolytic test, the plant extract had produced dose dependent clot lysis potential in human erythrocytes at five different doses (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mg/ml), while standard streptokinase and water were used as positive and negative controls. Five different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 & 50 mg/ml) of crude extract of L. lavandulifolia also showed marked anthelmintic property in earthworms in a dose dependent manner. Significant (p
Tasnova Tasnim, Mir Md Abdullah Al-Mamun, Noor Ahmed Nahid, Md Reazul Islam, Mohd Nazmul Hasan Apu, Most Umme Bushra, Sikder Nahidul Islam Rabbi, Zabun Nahar, Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, and Abul Hasnat
Tumor Biology, ISSN: 10104283, eISSN: 14230380, Published: 1 October 2017 SAGE Publications
Lung cancer is one of the most frequently occurring cancers throughout the world as well as in Bangladesh. This study aimed to correlate the prognostic and/or predictive value of functional polymorphisms in SULT1A1 (rs9282861) and XRCC1 (rs25487) genes and lung cancer risk in Bangladeshi population. A case-control study was conducted which comprises 202 lung cancer patients and 242 healthy volunteers taking into account the age, sex, and smoking status. After isolation of genomic DNA, genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method and the lung cancer risk was evaluated as odds ratio that was adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status. A significant association was found between SULT1A1 rs9282861 and XRCC1 rs25487 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk. In case of rs9282861 polymorphism, Arg/His (adjusted odds ratio = 5.06, 95% confidence interval = 3.05–8.41, p < 0.05) and His/His (adjusted odds ratio = 3.88, 95% confidence interval = 2.20–6.82, p < 0.05) genotypes were strongly associated with increased risk of lung cancer in comparison to the Arg/Arg genotype. In case of rs25487 polymorphism, Arg/Gln heterozygote (adjusted odds ratio = 4.57, 95% confidence interval = 2.79–7.46, p < 0.05) and Gln/Gln mutant homozygote (adjusted odds ratio = 4.99, 95% confidence interval = 2.66–9.36, p < 0.05) were also found to be significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer. This study demonstrates that the presence of His allele and Gln allele in case of SULT1A1 rs9282861 and XRCC1 rs25487, respectively, involve in lung cancer prognosis in Bangladeshi population.
Sanzana Fareen Rivu, Mohd Nazmul Hasan Apu, Samia Shabnaz, Noor Ahmed Nahid, M. Islam, M. A. Al-Mamun, Z. Nahar, S. N. Rabbi, M. U. Ahmed, M. S. Islam and A. Hasnat
Cancer Epidemiology, ISSN: 18777821, eISSN: 1877783X, Pages: 46-52, Published: August 2017
Till now no pharmacogenetic study of TP53 codon 72 (Arg72Pro) and CDH1 rs16260 (-160C
S. Parvin, Md Siddiqul Islam, M. A. Al-Mamun, M. S. Islam, M. U. Ahmed, Eva Rahman Kabir and A. Hasnat
Breast Cancer, ISSN: 13406868, eISSN: 18804233, Pages: 229-237, Published: 1 March 2017
PurposeBreast cancer is considered as the most frequent female malignancy. Altered gene expressions due to genetic polymorphisms in the BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51, and HER2 contribute toward the development of breast cancer, and yet, no such type of study has been conducted in the Bangladeshi population. This study was designed to evaluate the role of BRCA1rs80357713, BRCA1rs80357906, BRCA2rs11571653, RAD51rs1801320, and HER2rs1136201 polymorphisms as risk factors in the development of breast cancer in the Bangladeshi population.MethodsA total 310 patients with invasive breast cancers were recruited as cases from different public and private hospitals of Bangladesh, and 250 Bangladeshi healthy women matching age with the patients were recruited as controls. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to analyze the genetic polymorphisms.ResultsPatients carrying BRCA1/2 mutations, GC and GC plus CC genotypes of RAD51rs1801320, and AG plus GG genotype of HER2rs1136201 polymorphisms were found to be associated with breast cancer. In subgroup analysis, AG plus GG genotype of HER2rs1136201 was found to be associated with the breast cancer risk in the patients younger than 45 years of age compared with the older patients having more than 45 years of age, and RAD51rs1801320 was related to the tumor size and tumor aggressiveness (higher graded tumor).ConclusionOur results indicate that BRCA1/BRCA2, RAD51rs1801320 and HER2rs1136201 polymorphisms were associated with breast cancer in the studied population.
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN: 1011601X, Pages: 341-346, Published: March 2017
Manjurul Islam Chowdhury, Maimuna Hasan, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Md. Shahid Sarwar, Mohammad Nurul Amin, S.M. Naim Uddin, Md. Zahedur Rahaman, Sujan Banik, Md. Saddam Hussain, Kazushige Yokota, and Abul Hasnat
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, ISSN: 0946672X, eISSN: 18783252, Pages: 162-168, Published: 1 January 2017 Elsevier BV
Genetic and neurobiological factors are considered to be the major causes of mood and mental disorders. However, over the past few years, increased levels of serum malondialdehyde and altered levels of various non-enzymatic antioxidants and essential minerals involved in abnormal functional activity have been identified as major contributing factors to the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of the serum lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidants (vitamin A, E and C), macro-minerals (calcium, potassium and sodium) and trace elements (zinc, iron and selenium) in patients with bipolar disorder and to explore their role in disease progression. This is a prospective case-control study that evaluated 55 patients with bipolar disorder and 55 healthy volunteers matched by age and sex. Serum MDA levels were determined by UV spectrophotometry as a marker of lipid peroxidation. RP-HPLC was employed to investigate the serum vitamin A and E concentrations, whereas UV spectrophotometry was used to quantify levels of vitamin C. Serum macro-minerals and trace elements were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Statistical analysis was performed with independent sample t-tests and Pearson's correlation test. We found significantly higher concentrations of MDA (p<0.05) and significantly lower concentrations of antioxidants (vitamin A, E and C) (p<0.05) in the patient group compared with control group. Regarding trace elements and macro-minerals, lower concentrations of zinc, calcium, iron, selenium, sodium and potassium were found in the patient group compared with control subjects (p<0.05). Our study suggests that high serum MDA concentrations and low serum concentrations of antioxidants, macro-minerals and trace elements are strongly associated with bipolar disorder.
Ferdous Khan, Pinky Karim Syeda, Michael Nii N. Nartey, Mohammad Shahidur Rahman, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Kohji Nishimura, Mitsuo Jisaka, Fumiaki Shono, and Kazushige Yokota
Cytotechnology, ISSN: 09209069, eISSN: 15730778, Pages: 2417-2429, Published: 1 December 2016 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
We have previously shown that cultured adipocytes have the ability to biosynthesize prostaglandin (PG) I2 called alternatively as prostacyclin during the maturation phase by the positive regulation of gene expression of PGI synthase and the prostanoid IP receptor. To clarify how prostacyclin regulates adipogenesis, we investigated the effects of prostacyclin and the specific agonists or antagonists for the IP receptor on the storage of fats during the maturation phase of cultured adipocytes. Exogenous PGI2 and the related selective agonists for the IP receptor including MRE-269 and treprostinil rescued the storage of fats attenuated by aspirin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. On the other hand, selective antagonists for IP such as CAY10441 and CAY10449 were effective to suppress the accumulation of fats as GW9662, a specific antagonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. Thus, pro-adipogenic action of prostacyclin can be explained by the action mediated through the IP receptor expressed at the maturation stage of adipocytes. Cultured adipocytes incubated with each of PGI2 and MRE-269 together with troglitazone, an activator for PPARγ, exhibited additively higher stimulation of fats storage than with either compound alone. The combined effect of MRE-269 and troglitazone was almost abolished by co-incubation with GW9662, but not with CAY10441. Increasing concentrations of troglitazone were found to reverse the inhibitory effect of CAY10441 in a dose-dependent manner while those of MRE-269 failed to rescue adipogenesis suppressed by GW9662, indicating the critical role of the PPARγ activation as a downstream factor for the stimulated adipogenesis through the IP receptor. Treatment of cultured adipocytes with cell permeable stable cAMP analogues or forskolin as a cAMP elevating agent partly restored the inhibitory effect of aspirin. However, excess levels of cAMP stimulated by forskolin attenuated adipogenesis. Supplementation with H-89, a cell permeable inhibitor for protein kinase A (PKA), had no effect on the promoting action of PGI2 or MRE-269 along with aspirin on the storage of fats, suggesting that the promotion of adipogenesis mediated by the IP receptor does not require the PKA activity.
Mohammad Nurul Amin, Tahir Mehmood Khan, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Mizanur Rahman Moghal, and Long Chiau Ming
BMJ Open, eISSN: 20446055, Published: 1 August 2016 BMJ
Objectives To assess community pharmacists'/pharmacy technicians' knowledge and perceptions about adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and barriers towards the reporting of such reactions in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Method A cross-sectional study was planned to approach potential respondents for the study. A self-administered questionnaire was delivered to community pharmacists/pharmacy technicians (N=292) practising in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results The overall response to the survey was 69.5% (n=203). The majority of the sample was comprised of pharmacy technicians (152, 74.9%) who possessed a diploma in pharmacy, followed by pharmacists (37, 18.2%) and others (12, 5.9%). Overall, 72 (35.5%) of the respondents disclosed that they had experienced an ADR at their pharmacy, yet more than half (105, 51.7%) were not familiar with the existence of an ADR reporting body in Bangladesh. Exploring the barriers to the reporting of ADRs, it was revealed that the top four barriers to ADR reporting were ‘I do not know how to report (Relative Importance Index (RII)=0.998)’, ‘reporting forms are not available (0.996)’, ‘I am not motivated to report (0.997)’ and ‘Unavailability of professional environment to discuss about ADR (RII=0.939)’. In addition to these, a majority (141, 69.46%) were not confident about the classification of ADRs (RII=0.889) and were afraid of legal liabilities associated with reporting ADRs (RII=0.806). Moreover, a lack of knowledge about pharmacotherapy and the detection of ADRs was another major factor hindering their reporting (RII=0.731). Conclusions The Directorate of Drug Administration in Bangladesh needs to consider the results of this study to help it improve and simplify ADR reporting in Bangladeshi community pharmacy settings.
Samia Shabnaz, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Md. Siddiqul Islam, Md. Reazul Islam, Mir Md. Abdullah Al-Mamun, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, and Abul Hasnat
Tumor Biology, ISSN: 10104283, eISSN: 14230380, Pages: 7229-7237, Published: 1 June 2016 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Pharmacogenomic studies play a significant role in understanding the risk of breast cancer where genetic abnormalities are implicated as the etiology of cancer. Various polymorphisms of tumor suppressor gene TP53 and E-cadherin (CDH1) have been found to be associated with increased breast cancer risk worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the contribution of TP53 and CDH1 gene anomalies in breast cancer risk in the Bangladeshi breast cancer patients. For risk determination, 310 patients with breast cancer and 250 controls from Bangladeshi women were recruited who are matched up with age and use of contraceptives with patients. Genetic polymorphisms were detected by using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. A significant association was found between TP53Arg72Pro (rs1042522) and CDH1 -160 C/A (rs16260) polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. In case of P53rs1042522 polymorphism, Arg/Pro (P = 0.0053, odds ratio (OR) = 1.69) and Pro/Pro (P = 0.018, OR = 1.83) genotypes were associated with increased risk of breast cancer in comparison to the Arg/Arg genotype. Arg/Pro + Pro/Pro genotype and Pro allele also increased the risk of breast cancer (P = 0.002, OR = 1.73; P = 0.004, OR = 1.43, respectively). In case of CDH1rs16260 polymorphism, C/A heterozygote and combined C/A + A/A genotypes were found to be strongly associated (P = 0.005, OR = 1.67; P = 0.0037, OR = 1.68) with increased risk of breast cancer. The variant A allele also increased the breast cancer risk (P = 0.0058, OR = 1.52). The present study demonstrates that P53Arg72Pro and CDH1rs16260 polymorphisms are associated with elevated breast cancer risk in the Bangladeshi population.
Ferdous Khan, Pinky Karim Syeda, Michael Nii N. Nartey, Mohammad Shahidur Rahman, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Kohji Nishimura, Mitsuo Jisaka, Fumiaki Shono, and Kazushige Yokota
Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators, ISSN: 10988823, Volume: 123, Pages: 16-27, Published: 1 March 2016 Elsevier BV
Arachidonic acid (AA) and the related prostanoids exert complex effects on the adipocyte differentiation depending on the culture conditions and life stages. Here, we investigated the effect of the pretreatment of cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with exogenous AA during the differentiation phase without 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), a cAMP-elevating agent, on the storage of fats after the maturation phase. This pretreatment with AA stimulated appreciably adipogenesis after the maturation phase as evident with the up-regulated gene expression of adipogenic markers. The stimulatory effect of the pretreatment with AA was attenuated by the co-incubation with each of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. Among exogenous prostanoids and related compounds, the pretreatment with MRE-269, a selective agonist of the IP receptor for prostaglandin (PG) I2, strikingly stimulated the storage of fats in adipocytes. The gene expression analysis of arachidonate COX pathway revealed that the transcript levels of inducible COX-2, membrane-bound PGE synthase-1, and PGF synthase declined more greatly in cultured preadipocytes treated with AA. By contrast, the expression levels of COX-1, cytosolic PGE synthase, and PGI synthase remained constitutive. The treatment of cultured preadipocytes with AA resulted in the decreased synthesis of PGE2 and PGF2α serving as anti-adipogenic PGs although the biosynthesis of pro-adipogenic PGI2 was up-regulated during the differentiation phase. Moreover, the gene expression levels of EP4 and FP, the respective prostanoid receptors for PGE2 and PGF2α, were gradually suppressed by the supplementation with AA, whereas that of IP for PGI2 remained relatively constant. Collectively, these results suggest the predominant role of endogenous PGI2 in the stimulatory effect of the pretreatment of cultured preadipoccytes with AA during the differentiation phase without IBMX on adipogenesis after the maturation phase.
A. S. Noman, M. Uddin, M. Z. Rahman, M. J. Nayeem, S. S. Alam, Z. Khatun, M. Wahiduzzaman, A. Sultana, M. L. Rahman, M. Y. Ali, D. Barua, I. Ahmed, M. S. Islam, A. Aboussekhra, H. Yeger, W. A. Farhat, and S. S. Islam
Scientific Reports, eISSN: 20452322, Published: 5 January 2016 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Dysregulation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been documented in mammary gland development and breast cancer (BC) progression. Despite the remarkable progress in therapeutic interventions, BC related mortality in Bangladesh increased in the last decade. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) still presents a critical therapeutic challenge. Thus effective targeted therapy is urgently needed. In this study, we report the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of BC patients from Bangladesh. Routine immunohistochemical analysis and high throughput RNA-Seq data from the TCGA library were used to analyze the expression pattern and association of high and low level of Shh expression in a collection of BC patients with a long-term follow-up. High levels of Shh were observed in a subset of BC tumors with poor prognostic pathological features. Higher level of Shh expression correlated with a significantly poorer overall survival of patients compared with patients whose tumors expressed a low level of Shh. These data support the contention that Shh could be a novel biomarker for breast cancer that is involved in mediating the aggressive phenotype of BC. We propose that BC patients exhibiting a higher level of Shh expression, representing a subset of BC patients, would be amenable to Shh targeted therapy.
Md. Mahmodul Haque, Md. Mizanur Rahman Moghal, Md. Shahid Sarwar, Shamima Nasrin Anonna, Mariyam Akter, Palash Karmakar, Salma Ahmed, MA Sattar, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, ISSN: 0946672X, eISSN: 18783252, Pages: 21-25, Published: 1 January 2016 Elsevier BV
OBJECTIVES
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy which is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and pre-term delivery, especially in low and middle income countries. Selenium is an important constituent of selenoproteins that act as antioxidant and have several metabolic functions. The present study was conducted to determine serum selenium concentration in preeclampsia patients in order to find out the role of selenium in preeclampsia.
METHODS
This study was conducted as case-control study with 74 preeclampsia patients as cases whose gestation were ≥20 weeks (52 mild and 22 severe patients) and 118 normotensive pregnant women as controls from same gestational period. Detailed patient history was recorded during routine hospital visits. Serum selenium concentration was determined by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Independent sample t-test and Pearson's correlation test were done for the statistical analysis using the statistical software package SPSS, version 16.
RESULTS
Our study found that mean serum concentration of selenium in preeclampsia patients was significantly lower than that of healthy pregnant women (p<0.05). Further analysis for selenium concentration with disease severity explored that selenium concentration was significantly lower in severe preeclampsia in comparison to mild preeclampsia (p<0.05). We found no significant difference for selenium concentration between rural and urban preeclampsia patients (p>0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis reveals significant negative correlation of selenium with systolic blood pressure (r=-0.419, p=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.392, p=0.001), and gestational period (r=-0.218, p=0.001).
CONCLUSION
Our study found that preeclampsia patients have decreased serum selenium concentration than the healthy pregnant women.
Mohammad S. Islam, Zahid H. Mahmud, Mohammad S. Islam, Rokon U. Zaman, Mohammad R. Islam, Partha S. Gope, Khairul Islam, Hasin Jahan, Aftab Opel, Ganesh C. Shaha, Shah M. Faruque, and John D. Clemens
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, ISSN: 00359203, eISSN: 18783503, Volume: 110, Pages: 367-372, Published: 2016 Oxford University Press (OUP)
BACKGROUND
Faecal-oral carriage via hands is an important transmission pathway for diarrhoeal pathogens. The level of faecal contamination of commuters' hands in Dhaka, Bangladesh, was examined in this study.
METHODS
A total of 900 hand washing samples, including both left and right hands, were collected during one year to cover three different seasons in Bangladesh: winter, summer and rainy seasons. Standard membrane filtration technique was used to quantify total coliforms (TC), faecal coliforms (FC), faecal streptococci (FS), Escherichia coli (EC) and Clostridium perfringens (CP).
RESULTS
The hands of the commuters were contaminated with TC, FC, FS, CP and EC. The TC, FC, FS, CP and EC counts were 1.95, 1.65, 4.04, 1.54 and1.46 log10 colony forming units (cfu) in the left hand; and 2.13, 1.82, 4.11, 1.52 and 1.61 log10 cfu in the right hand, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in counts of left and right hands. The highest counts were observed for FS in all seasons.
CONCLUSIONS
This evidence based study may be used to provide interventions to reduce the contamination of commuters' hands through washing with detergent and, thus, help to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
Mohammad Nurul Amin, Kaniz Fatema Liza, Md. Shahid Sarwar, Jamiuddin Ahmed, Md. Tareek Adnan, Manjurul Islam Chowdhury, Mohammad Zahid Hossain, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Archives of Dermatological Research, ISSN: 03403696, eISSN: 1432069X, Volume: 307, Pages: 617-623, Published: 21 September 2015 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
The exact etiology and pathogenesis of eczema are not yet fully understood, although different factors are considered as pathogenic mechanisms in the development of eczema. Our study was designed to determine extent of serum lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, macro minerals and trace elements in patients with eczema, and thereby, find any pathophysiological correlation. The study was conducted as a case–control study with 65 eczema patients as cases and 65 normal healthy individuals as controls. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Antioxidants- vitamin A and E concentration was determined by RP-HPLC method whereas vitamin C was evaluated for serum ascorbic acid by UV spectrophotometric method. Serum macro minerals (Na, K, Ca) and trace elements (Zn, Fe) were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). This study found significantly higher level of MDA (p < 0.001) and lower level of antioxidants (p < 0.05) in patients in comparison to the control subjects. Analysis of serum macro minerals (Na, K and Ca) and trace elements (Zn, Fe) found that the mean values of Na, K, Ca, Zn and Fe were 2771.60 ± 75.64, 66.33 ± 3.03, 48.41 ± 2.50, 0.30 ± 0.02 and 0.29 ± 0.009 mg/L for the patient group and 3284.81 ± 34.51, 162.18 ± 3.72, 87.66 ± 2.10, 0.75 ± 0.06 and 0.87 ± 0.06 mg/L for the control group, accordingly. There was a significant difference for all the minerals between the patients and controls (p < 0.001). This study suggests a strong association between the pathogenesis of eczema with the elevated level of MDA and depleted level of antioxidants, macro minerals, and trace elements.
Md. Bayejid Hosen, Md. Abdus Salam, Md. Fakhrul Islam, Ashfaque Hossain, M Zakir Hossain Hawlader, and Yearul Kabir
Tumor Biology, ISSN: 10104283, eISSN: 14230380, Pages: 6369-6374, Published: 24 August 2015 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
TP53 is considered to be the most frequently mutated gene in every forms of human cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of TP53 codon 72 and 248 polymorphisms with the susceptibility and severity of bladder cancer in Bangladeshi population. A case-control study on 102 bladder cancer patients and 140 control subjects was conducted. The genotype analysis was done by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The patients with Pro/Pro genotypes at 72 position were at high risk (odds ratio (OR) = 3.02; 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) = 1.42 to 6.40) of developing bladder cancer. The cigarette smokers with Pro/Pro genotypes at 72 position were found to have a 3.91-fold increased risk to develop bladder cancer (OR = 3.91; 95 % CI = 1.33 to 11.5). There was no significant association of codon 248 polymorphisms with bladder cancer in the study population. Taken together, these findings indicate an association between p53 codon72 polymorphism and bladder cancer risk in Bangladeshi population.
Md. Siddiqul Islam, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Salma Parvin, Maizbah Uddin Ahmed, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Mir Muhammad Nasir Uddin, Syed Md Akram Hussain, and Abul Hasnat
Tumor Biology, ISSN: 10104283, eISSN: 14230380, Pages: 5451-5457, Published: 29 July 2015 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
The most important cytotoxic drug namely, cyclophosphamide used in breast cancer along with epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil, is transported by ABCC transporters and detoxified by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). The activities of these enzymes and transporters may vary in different population due to the presence of genetic polymorphisms. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of GSTP1rs1695 and ABCC4rs9561778 polymorphisms on the response and toxicities produced by chemotherapy used in the treatment of Bangladeshi breast cancer patients. A total of 200 and 56 patients with invasive breast cancers were recruited from different public and private hospitals of Bangladesh of which 117 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy to examine the response as well as the toxicity, and another 139 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy to evaluate only the toxicity. Genetic polymorphisms of the mentioned genes were detected by using Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR RFLP). Patients carrying AG and AG plus GG genotype of GSTP1rs1695 were more likely to have a good response, whereas no association of ABCC4rs9561778 was found with the chemotherapy response. Patients carrying GT and GT plus TT genotypes of ABCC4rs9561778 were found to be associated with anemia, neutropenia, leukopenia, and gastrointestinal toxicities when compared with GG genotype whereas no association was found with thrombocytopenia. GSTP1rs1695 was not associated with any type of toxicities investigated. Our result indicates that GSTP1rs1695 polymorphism was strongly associated with the response of chemotherapy, whereas ABCC4rs9561778 polymorphism was significantly related with chemotherapy-induced toxicities.
Amirul Islam Sajib, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan, Abhijit Das, Md. Shahid Sarwar, Rakhesh Chandra Sarkar, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, ISSN: 15982386, eISSN: 22111069, Pages: 135-140, Published: 27 June 2015 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
The present study explored the phytochemical screening, in vitro antimicrobial activity, in vivo antiemetic and antinociceptive potentialities of methanol extract of Erioglossum rubiginosum leaves for the first time. Crude extract of E. rubiginosum and different fractions were assayed for in vitro antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion method. The antiemetic activity was evaluated using chick emesis model; while acetic acid induced writhing test in mice was conducted to determine the antinociceptive activity. Different extracts possess carbohydrate, flavonoids, saponin, tannin, alkaloids, phenol and cardiac-glycoside in varying concentrations. Among different extractives, only the chloroform soluble fraction showed promising antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition 6.5 to 10 mm) in comparison to positive control−ciprofloxacin, against wide range of tested microorganisms. In antiemetic assay, all the extracts showed significant (P < 0.05) activities; among them both chloroform and carbon tetrachloride extracts showed better activity (inhibition 91 and 90 % respectively) compared to the standard drug metoclopramide (inhibition 74 %). In antinociceptive assay, remarkable writhing inhibitory activity was found for the chloroform extract (53.05 %), while the standard drug diclofenac sodium inhibited 42.01 % writhing of the test animals (P < 0.05). Therefore, further studies and compound isolation are suggested to confirm the mechanism of the key compounds as the plant extracts of E. rubiginosum revealed potential biological and pharmacological activities.
Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Mohd Nazmul Hasan Apu, Maliha Tabassum Munir, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, M Maksumul Haq, Chowdhury H Ahsan, M A Rashid, Jae Gook Shin, and Abul Hasnat
Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, ISSN: 03051870, eISSN: 14401681, Pages: 451-457, Published: 1 May 2015 Wiley
The extent to which cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 genotype influences the effectiveness of clopidogrel remains uncertain due to considerable heterogeneity between studies. We used the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method for genotyping loss of function (LOF) allele, CYP2C19*2 and gain of function (GOF) allele, CYP2C19*17 in 163 patients undergoing PCI and 165 healthy volunteers from an ethnically distinctive Bangladeshi population. Thirty‐eight patients took prasugrel and 125 patients took clopidogrel among whom 30 patients had their clopidogrel active metabolites (CAM) determined by LC‐MS/MS 1–1.5 h after clopidogrel intake. All patients who underwent PCI had their P2Y12 per cent inhibition (PRI) measured by VerifyNow System. The impact of different genotypes on CAM and PRI were also determined. We did not find significant variation of CYP2C19*2 (P > 0.05) and CYP2C9*17 (P > 0.05) alleles among healthy volunteers and patients. CAM concentration as well as PRI by clopidogrel varied significantly (P < 0.05) based on genotypic variation of CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*17 individually. Such influence was not observed in case of prasugrel. Genotypic variation did not impact PRI but as a whole PRI by prasugrel was better than that of clopidogrel (P < 0.05). Due to presence of both of alleles the effect on PRI by clopidogrel could not be predicted, effectively indicating possible involvement of other factors. Genotype guided clopidogrel dose adjustment would be beneficial and therefore we propose mandatory genotyping before clopidogrel dosing. Prasugrel proved to be less affected by genotypic variability, but due to lack of sufficient long‐term toxicity data, caution would be adopted before substituting clopidogrel.
Md. Bayejid Hosen, Jahidul Islam, Md. Abdus Salam, Md. Fakhrul Islam, M Zakir Hossain Hawlader, and Yearul Kabir
Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology, ISSN: 17437555, eISSN: 17437563, Pages: 78-84, Published: 1 March 2015 Wiley
To investigate the association between the three most common single nucleotide polymorphisms of the N‐acetyltransferase 2 gene together with cigarette smoking and the risk of developing bladder cancer and its aggressiveness.
Raznin Akter Joly, Md Reazul Islam, Sonia Sultana, Asma Rahman, Md Zakir Sultan, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Md Saiful Islam, and Abul Hasnat
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN: 18161820, eISSN: 18161839, Pages: 199-206, Published: 2015 Bangladesh Journals Online (JOL)
Interactions with many clinically active therapeutic agents with DNA are well studied and it is necessary to decipher the structure of DNA and to investigate the pathological implications of those molecules in living organism. This study investigated the interaction of antidepressant drug Duloxetine-hydrochloride (DLX) with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA). The interaction of DLX with ct-DNA was studied employing fluorescence spectroscopy. Hypochromic effect was found in the absorption spectra of duloxetine, and its wavelength had no shift in the presence of DNA indicating external binding mode of duloxetine to DNA. Fluorescence spectroscopic results showed the quenching of fluorescence intensity of DLX in presence of DNA indicating the interaction between DLX and DNA. Hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding played the dominating role in DLX-DNA binding and binding forces also indicate the binding site of duloxetine to be at the minor groove of DNA.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 199-206, 2015 (December)
Sm Faysal Bellah, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Sikder Nahidul Islam Rabbi, Mohd Nazmul Hasan Apu, Md Siddiqul Islam, Mir Muhammad Nasir Uddin, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, and Abul Hasnat
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN: 18161820, eISSN: 18161839, Pages: 179-185, Published: 2015 Bangladesh Journals Online (JOL)
Genetic polymorphism on CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 gene and their associational susceptibility to prostate cancer was studied on Bangladeshi population, considering the importance of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 gene in detoxification of xenobiotics from physiological territory. In this case control regulated study, we focused on two allelic variants CYP3A4 rs2740574 (CYP3A4*1B) and CYP3A5 rs776746 (CYP3A5*3) applying Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Associational risk on prostate cancer was estimated as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using unconditional logistic regression models. An elevated prostate cancer risk was found with heterozygous, mutant and heterozygous plus mutant variants of CYP3A4*1B which is not statistically significant (p>0.05), whereas a significant association was found with heterozygous, mutant and heterozygous plus mutant variants of CYP3A5*3 (OR =4.36, 95%CI = 1.53 to 12.38, P =0.003; OR =3.85, 95%CI = 1.19 to 12.43, P = 0.017 and OR =4.13, 95%CI = 1.84 to 9.28, p =0.0006 respectively). The findings signposted a significant association of CYP3A5*3 gene and nullify the association of CYP3A4*1B genes polymorphism with prostate cancer risk in Bangladeshi subject.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 179-185, 2015 (December)
Md. Shahid Sarwar, Rakhesh Chandra Sarkar, Rumpa Bhowmick, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Abul Hasnat, Mamunur Rashid, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Hypertension in Pregnancy, ISSN: 10641955, eISSN: 15256065, Pages: 125-135, Published: 1 February 2015 Informa UK Limited
Objective: Increased extent of lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant defense has been postulated as a major contributor to the development of preeclampsia. The present study was conducted to determine the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin C in these patients. Methods: This research was conducted as a case–control study to assess the extent of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 150 preeclampsia patients and 174 healthy pregnant women. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring serum MDA level, and antioxidant defense was evaluated for serum vitamin C by UV spectrophotometric method. Independent sample t test and Pearson’s correlation test were used for the statistical analysis with statistical software package SPSS, version 16.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). Results: Our study found significantly higher level of MDA (p < 0.05) and significantly lower level of vitamin C (p < 0.05) in preeclampsia patients in comparison to the control subjects. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that there was negative correlation between the serum level of MDA and vitamin C for both patient (r = −0.057, p = 0.669) and control groups (r = −0.128, p = 0.487). Analysis of socio-economic data revealed that preeclampsia was more prevalent among the rural pregnant than the urban pregnant women (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.665–3.14, p = 0.352). It was also observed that primigravida pregnant were at higher risk for the development of preeclampsia than the multigravida pregnant women (OR 1.87, 95% CI 0.868–4.04, p = 0.108). Conclusions: Elevated serum MDA and depleted serum vitamin C may be associated with the development of preeclampsia.
Md. Shaki Mostaid, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, and Abul Hasnat
Tumor Biology, ISSN: 10104283, Pages: 10309-10317, Published: 2014 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
The objective of this study was to determine whether p53 codon 47 and codon 72 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of lung cancer in Bangladeshi population. We carried out a case-control study and examined the genotype distribution Pro47Ser and Arg72Pro single-nucleotide polymorphisms along with tobacco smoking in the predisposition of lung cancer by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approach. The study included 106 lung cancer patients and 116 control subjects from Bangladesh. Lung cancer risk was estimated as odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) using conditional logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, and smoking. No significant association was found between Pro47Ser SNP and lung cancer. The frequencies of p53 codon 72 polymorphisms (Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro, and Pro/Pro) in lung cancer were 25.5, 37.7, and 36.8 %, respectively; frequencies in the controls were 53.4, 30.2, and 16.4 %, respectively (p < 0.01). The Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro genotype were significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 2.51, 95 % CI = 1.38–4.82 and OR = 4.62, 95 % CI = 2.31–9.52, respectively) compared with the Arg/Arg genotype. The combined frequency of Arg/pro and Pro/Pro genotype was also found to be associated with elevated risk of lung cancer (OR = 3.36, 95 % CI = 1.90–5.94, p < 0.01). However, no significant relationship was found between age, sex, and histological subtypes of lung cancer with p53 codon 72 genotype distributions. When classified by smoking status, the effects of Arg72Pro polymorphism on lung cancer risk was only found to be significant (χ2 = 33.94, p = 0.00000004) in case of heavy smokers (40 packs per year or more). We conclude that not Pro47Ser SNP but Arg72Pro SNP is involved in susceptibility to developing lung cancer, at least in Bangladeshi population.
Mohammad Safiqul Islam, A. G. M. Mostofa, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Md. Rajib Hassan, and Abul Hasnat
Tumor Biology, ISSN: 10104283, eISSN: 14230380, Pages: 1671-1678, Published: February 2014 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
The rate of direct smoking, second hand smoking, and smokeless tobacco users as well as the amount of environmental pollutant like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarons is increasing in Bangladesh. Therefore, the prevalence of lung cancer is increasing day by day. To the best of our knowledge, no pharmacogentic study of CYP3A4, CYP3A5 genes has been reported on Bangladeshi population relating those with lung cancer. The present study was conducted to determine the association of CYP3A4, CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms and tobacco smoking in the development of lung cancer in Bangladeshi population. A case–control study was carried out on 106 lung cancer patients and 116 controls to investigate three allelic variants—CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A5*3, and CYP3A5*6 using Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Risk of lung cancer was estimated as odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) using unconditional logistic regression models. The variant allele frequencies for CYP3A4*1B (*1A/*1B + *1B/*1B) were 2.83 % and 0.86 % and that of CYP3A5*3 (*1A/*3 + *3/*3) were 88.68 % and 85.34 % in cases and controls, respectively. Individual carrying at least one variant allele of CYP3A4*1B (CYP3A4*1A/1B + *1B/1B) has a 3.35 times more risk (OR = 3.35, 95 % Cl = 0.34-32.71, p = 0.271) for developing lung cancer whereas individual carrying at least one variant allele of CYP3A5 (CYP3A5*1A/3 + *3/3) has a 1.26 times more risk (OR = 1.35, 95 % Cl = 0.61–2.97) and both are statistically non-significant (p > 0.05). CYP3A5*6 was absent in the study population. No association of lung cancer with the mentioned polymorphisms was found both in heavy and light smokers. In the cases of all three major types of lung cancer—squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma—significantly strong relationships (p ˂ 0.05) have been found. To confirm the association of lung cancer with the mentioned polymorphisms, large number volunteers (patients and controls) will be required.
Mohammad Hossain, Sayed Ahamed, Syed Masudur Dewan, Md Hassan, Arif Istiaq, Mohammad Islam, and Md Mizanur Moghal
Biological Research, ISSN: 07169760, eISSN: 07176287, Published: 2014 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
BackgroundThe study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic, and membrane stabilization activities, and in vivo antiemetic and antipyretic potentials of ethanolic extract, n-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of Spilanthes paniculata leaves for the first time widely used in the traditional treatments in Bangladesh.ResultsIn antipyretic activity assay, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) was observed in the temperature in the mice tested. At dose 400 mg/kg-body weight, the n-hexane soluble fraction showed the effect (36.7 ± 0.63°C ) as like as the standard (dose 150 mg/kg-body weight) after 5 h of administration. Extracts showed significant (P < 0.001) potential when tested for the antiemetic activity compared to the standard, metoclopramide. At dose 50 mg/kg-body weight, the standard showed 67.23% inhibition, whereas n-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions showed 37.53% and 24.93% inhibition of emesis respectively at dose 400 mg/kg-body weight. In antimicrobial activity assay, the n-hexane soluble fraction (400 μg/disc) showed salient activity against the tested organisms. It exerts highest activity against Salmonella typhi (16.9 mm zone of inhibition); besides, crude, and ethyl acetate extracts showed resistance to Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, and Vibrio cholera respectively. All the extracts were tested for lysis of the erythrocytes. At the concentration of 1mg/ml, ethanol extract, and n-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions significantly inhibited hypotonic solution induced lysis of the human red blood cell (HRBC) (27.406 ± 3.57, 46.034 ± 3.251, and 30.72 ± 5.679% respectively); where standard drug acetylsalicylic acid (concentration 0.1 mg/ml) showed 77.276 ± 0.321% inhibition. In case of heat induced HRBC hemolysis, the plant extracts also showed significant activity (34.21 ± 4.72, 21.81 ± 3.08, and 27.62 ± 8.79% inhibition respectively). In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the n-hexane fraction showed potent (LC50 value 48.978 μg/ml) activity, whereas ethyl acetate fraction showed mild (LC50 value 216.77 μg/ml) cytotoxic activity.ConclusionsOur results showed that the n-hexane extract has better effects than the other in all trials. In the context, it can be said that the leaves of S. paniculata possess remarkable pharmacological effects, and justify its folkloric use as antimicrobial, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antiemetic agent. Therefore, further research may be suggested to find possible mode of action of the plant part.
Mir Muhammad Nasir Uddin, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Mohammad Siddiqul Islam, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Yearul Kabir, and Abul Hasnat
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, ISSN: 22211691, Pages: 982-989, Published: 2014 Medknow
ABSTRACT Objective To verify possible associations between polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase Mu ( GSTM1 ), glutathione S-transferase θ ( GSTT1 ) and glutathione S-transferase Pi ( GSTP1 ) genes and susceptibility to lung cancer. Methods A total of 106 lung cancer patients and 116 controls were enrolled in a case-control study. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 were analyzed using PCR while GSTP1 was analyzed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Risk of lung cancer was estimated as odds ratio at 95% confidence interval using unconditional logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, and tobacco use. Results GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null genotypes did not show a significant risk for developing lung cancer. A significantly elevated lung cancer risk was associated with GSTP1 heterozygous, mutant and combined heterozygous+mutant variants of rs1695. When classified by tobacco consumption status, no association with risk of lung cancer was found in case of tobacco smokers and nonsmokers carrying null and present genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 . There is a three-fold (approximately) increase in the risk of lung cancer in case of both heterozygous (AG) and heterozygous+mutant homozygous (AG+GG) genotypes whereas there is an eigh t- fold increase in risk of lung cancer in cases of GG with respect to AA genotype in smokers. Conclusions Carrying the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype is not a risk factor for lung cancer and GSTP1Ile105Val is associated with elevated risk of lung cancer.
Rumpa Bhowmick, Md Sarwar, Syed Masudur Dewan, Abhijit Das, Binayok Das, Mir Muhammad Uddin, Md Islam, and Mohammad Islam
Biological Research, ISSN: 07169760, eISSN: 07176287, Published: 2014 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
BackgroundThe study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro thrombolytic activity, and in vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potentials of different hydrocarbon soluble extracts of Litsea glutinosa leaves for the first time widely used in the folkloric treatments in Bangladesh. This work aimed to create new insights on the fundamental mechanisms of the plant extracts involved in these activities.ResultsIn thrombolytic activity assay, a significant clot disruption was observed at dose of 1 mg/mL for each of the extracts (volume 100 μL) when compared to the standard drug streptokinase. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and crude methanolic extracts showed 32.23 ± 0.26, 37.67 ± 1.31, 43.13 ± 0.85, and 46.78 ± 0.9% clot lysis, respectively, whereas the positive control streptokinase showed 93.35 ± 0.35% disruption at the dose of 30,000 I.U. In hot plate method, the highest pain inhibitory activity was found at a dose of 500 mg/kg of crude extract (15.54 ± 0.37 sec) which differed significantly (P <0.01 and P <0.001) with that of the standard drug ketorolac (16.38 ± 0.27 sec). In acetic acid induced writhing test, the crude methanolic extract showed significant (P <0.01 and P <0.001) analgesic potential at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (45.98 and 56.32% inhibition, respectively), where ketorolac showed 64.36% inhibition. In anti-inflammatory activity test, the crude methanolic extract showed significant (P <0.001) potential at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (1.51 ± 0.04 and 1.47 ± 0.03 mm paw edema, respectively), where ketorolac showed 1.64 ± 0.05 mm edema after 3 h of carrageenan injection. In antipyretic activity assay, the crude extract showed notable reduction in body temperature (32.78 ± 0.46°C) at dose of 500 mg/kg-body weight, when the standard (at dose 150 mg/kg-body weight) exerted 33.32 ± 0.67°C temperature after 3 h of administration.ConclusionsOur results yield that the crude hydroalcoholic extract has better effects than the other in all trials. In the context, it can be said that the leaves of L. glutinosa possess remarkable pharmacological effects, and justify its traditional use as analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and thrombolytic agent.
M. Islam, M. Ahmed, M. Islam, M. Sayeed, F. Sadia, Z. Chowdhury, Z. Nahar, and A. Hasnat
Drug Research, ISSN: 21949379, eISSN: 21949387, Pages: 406-411, Published: August 2014 Georg Thieme Verlag KG
The relationship between the elevated levels of serum malondialdehyde, depleted level of antioxidants (vitamin A, E and C) and altered level of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM) in several psychiatric disorders has been established by various experimental evidences over the past few years. But previously no study was carried out to determine these components in patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in Bangladesh. This study was conducted to compare the serum concentration of these components in GAD patients and healthy volunteers; matched by socioeconomic and sociodemographic parameters. Serum level of malondialdehyde and vitamin C were determined by UV spectrophotometric method, vitamins A and E were detected by RP-HPLC method whereas immunoglobulin levels were determined by turbidimetric method. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, Pearson's correlation and regression analysis. Significantly lower level of vitamin E (p<0.05) and significantly higher level of vitamin C were found in GAD patients than the healthy controls, whereas the change of vitamin A was insignificant. Serum malondialdehyde content was significantly higher (p<0.05) and IgM level was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the controls. Change in concentrations of IgG and IgA were insignificant (p>0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient suggested that there were some significant positive and negative correlations among these tested components. Our study reveals that GAD patients have considerably higher level of malondialdehyde, immunoglobulins and altered level of antioxidant vitamins. These findings may play a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of GAD patients.
M. Sarwar, T. Adnan, M. Hossain, S. Uddin, M. Hossain, S. Al Baker, M. Uddin, and M. Islam
Drug Research, ISSN: 21949379, eISSN: 21949387, Pages: 353-357, Published: July 2014 Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Serum lipid levels are greatly controlled by genetic and environmental factors. When investigating the relationship between lipid disturbances and hypertension it is necessary to use local data on blood lipid profile in each region. Unfortunately, there is no literature reporting the lipid profile in hypertensive patients in coastal region of Bangladesh. The present study was conducted as a case-control study with 100 hypertensive patients as cases and equal number of normotensive individuals as controls. Socio-demographic, anthropometric and clinical data of both patients and controls were collected. Serum lipid parameters were analyzed biochemically. Independent sample t-test, Chi-Square test and Pearson's correlation test were done for the statistical analysis using the statistical software package SPSS. Our study found that serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL, VLDL, TC/HDL, LDL/HDL were significantly higher (p<0.05) whereas the level of HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in hypertensive patients as compared to control subjects (p<0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis reveals that HDL cholesterol was inversely correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both patient and control groups. But serum TC, TG, LDL and HDL cholesterol were directly correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both groups. This study explored that hypertensive patients have higher level of TC, TG, LDL and VLDL cholesterol but lower level of HDL cholesterol than the normotensive subjects. Routine investigation of lipid profile in hypertensive patients may help to prevent further aggravation and risks of coronary artery diseases.
M. S. Islam, M. Ansaruzzaman, Z. H. Mahmud, M. A. Matin, M. S. Islam, A. K. Mallik, S. B. Neogi, I. K. Jahid, H. P. Endtz, A. Cravioto, and D. A. Sack
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, ISSN: 00359203, eISSN: 18783503, Volume: 108, Pages: 290-296, Published: May 2014 Oxford University Press (OUP)
BACKGROUND
People in rural Bangladesh have a poor understanding of the link between use of contaminated surface water and disease. An inexpensive point-of-use water treatment agent was developed to purify surface water.
METHODS
Surface water was collected from various sources in Bangladesh from February 2007 to January 2008. Microbiological and physicochemical parameters of raw and treated surface water were analysed. Water was treated with a mixture of alum potash, bleaching powder and lime, or with each agent individually.
RESULTS
Raw water was contaminated with bacteria, the counts for total coliforms, faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci being 26,431, 14,548 and 240 colony-forming units (cfu) 100 ml(-1), respectively. These counts fell to 0 cfu 100 ml(-1) after treatment with the mixture. The count of artificially introduced Vibrio cholerae was also reduced to 0 cfu 100 ml(-1) after treatment. Treatment of raw water altered the pH from 6.90 to 6.87, turbidity from 21.61 to 3.55 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), residual chlorine from 0 to 0.09 mg litre(-1), conductivity from 124.03 to 229.96 µS cm(-1), and total dissolved solids from 59.40 to 199.25 mg litre(-1). All these results of treatment were within the range recommended by the WHO as acceptable for drinking water.
CONCLUSION
The mixture of alum potash, bleaching powder and lime described can be safely used to disinfect contaminated surface water to make it suitable for drinking and other household purposes in Bangladesh.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, eISSN: 22313354, Issue: 8 SUPPL, Published: September 2013
Md. Shahid Sarwar, Salma Ahmed, Mohd. Shahid Ullah, Humayun Kabir, G. K. M. Mustafizur Rahman, Abul Hasnat, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Biological Trace Element Research, ISSN: 01634984, eISSN: 15590720, Volume: 154, Pages: 14-20, Published: July 2013 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Preeclampsia complicates 2–8 % of all pregnancies and it is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and pre-term delivery in the world. Unfortunately, there is scarcity of document discussing the circulating level of several essential trace elements in preeclampsia patients in Bangladesh. The present study was designed to evaluate the serum concentration of four trace elements, namely zinc, copper, manganese, and iron, in preeclamptic pregnant women. The study was conducted as a case–control study with 50 preeclamptic pregnant women as cases and 58 normotensive pregnant women as controls. Obstetric, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected at routine obstetric visits. Serum trace elements were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Independent sample t test and Pearson’s correlation test were done for the statistical analysis using the statistical software package SPSS, version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). We observed significant differences for gestational age, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure between patient and control groups (p < 0.05). Analysis of serum trace elements explored significantly lower level of all the four elements in preeclampsia patients in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). Pearson’s correlation analysis explored that the correlation between serum level of different trace elements was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) except the correlation between zinc and iron in preeclampsia patients (p < 0.05). Establishment of inter-element relationship strongly supports that there was a disturbance in the element homeostasis in patient with preeclampsia. In conclusion, our study suggests that preeclampsia patients have considerably lower level of serum zinc, copper, manganese, and iron compared to the healthy pregnant women.
Md. Reazul Islam, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Shahida Akter Mitu, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, G. K. M. Mustafizur Rahman, M. M. A. Shalahuddin Qusar, and Abul Hasnat
Biological Trace Element Research, ISSN: 01634984, eISSN: 15590720, Volume: 154, Pages: 21-27, Published: July 2013 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
The purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of serum trace and other essential elements of generalized anxiety disorder patients and to find out the relationship between element levels and nutritional status or socioeconomic factors. The study was conducted among 50 generalized anxiety disorder patients and 51 healthy volunteers. Patients were selected and recruited in the study with the help of a clinical psychologist by random sampling. The concentrations of serum trace elements (Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe) and other two essential elements (Ca and Mg) were determined by graphite furnace and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Data were analyzed by independent t test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, regression analysis, and analysis of variance. The serum concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ca, and Mg in generalized anxiety disorder patients were 1.069 ± 0.40, 1.738 ± 0.544, 1.374 ± 0.750, 3.203 ± 2.065, 108.65 ± 54.455, and 21 ± 4.055 mg/L, while those were 1.292 ± 0.621, 0.972 ± 0.427, 0.704 ± 0.527, 1.605 ± 1.1855, 101.849 ± 17.713, and 21.521 ± 3.659 mg/L in control subjects. Significantly decreased (p < 0.05) serum Zn concentration was found in the patient group compared to the control group while serum level of Cu, Mn, and Fe was significantly (p < 0.05) higher, but the differences of the concentration of Ca and Mg between the patient and control groups were not significant (p > 0.05). Socioeconomic data revealed that most of the patients were in the lower middle class group and middle-aged. Mean BMI of the control group (23.63 ± 3.91 kg/m2) and the patient group (23.62 ± 3.77 kg/m2) was within the normal range (18.5–25.0 kg/m2). The data obtained from different interelement relations in the generalized anxiety disorder patients and control group strongly suggest that there is a disturbance in the element homeostasis. So changes in the serum trace element level in generalized anxiety disorder patients occur independently and they may provide a prognostic tool for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Rajib Hassan, Syeda Sadia Ameen, Abdullah Al Maruf, A. Nandini, Humayra Tabin, M. U. Ahmed, M. S. Islam, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed and A. Hasnat
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ISSN: 09461965, Pages: 207-214, Published: March 2013
OBJECTIVES
The study has been designed to phenotype 200 Nepalese people residing in Bangladesh by measuring urinary ratio of 6β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol (metabolic ratio) and to genotype all the subjects for the presence of CYP3A4*1B, *2, *4, *5, *6, *10, *18, CYP3A5*3, and *6 alleles.
METHODS
Cortisol and 6β-hydroxycortisol were extracted and quantified from morning spot urine samples (n = 200) by HPLC. Genotyping was carried out using the extracted genomic DNA by amplification of target alleles by PCR. Amplified DNA was digested by appropriate restriction enzymes followed by gel electrophoresis and sequencing to identify the targeted alleles.
RESULTS
A wide ratio of 6β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol was found (0.71 - 10.61) with an average of 4.41. No sample (n = 200) was found positive for CYP3A4*1B, *2, *4, *5, *6, *10, *18, and CYP3A5*6 alleles. CYP3A5*1/*1, *1/*3, and *3/*3 genotype frequency were found to be 20%, 20%, and 60%, respectively. A significantly higher mean metabolic ratio (MR) ± SD (MR = 6.28 ± 3.43) was found for CYP3A5*1/*1 compared to both CYP3A5*1/*3 (MR = 3.68 ± 1.37) and CYP3A5*3/*3 (MR = 3.58 ± 1.95).
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates the absence of common CYP3A4 variant alleles in Nepalese people residing in Bangladesh whereas Nepalese people carrying the CYP3A5*1/*1 genotype appear to show a significantly higher 6β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratios compared to those with CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype.
M. S. Islam, M. U. Ahmed, M. S. B. Sayeed, A. Maruf, A. G. Mostofa, S. Hussain, Y. Kabir, A. Daly and A. Hasnat
Clinica Chimica Acta, ISSN: 00098981, eISSN: 18733492, Volume: 416, Pages: 11-19, Published: 1 February 2013
BACKGROUND
CYP1A1, CYP2A6 and CHRNA5 are biologically plausible genes as risk factors for lung cancer but no studies have been reported in the Bangladeshi population.
METHODS
We conducted this study to determine the prevalence and role of CYP1A1, CYP2A6 and CHRNA5 polymorphisms together with tobacco smoking in the development of lung cancer in Bangladesh. A case-control study was carried out on 106 lung cancer patients and 116 controls to investigate three allelic variants of the CYP1A1 gene-rs4646903, rs1048943 and rs1799814; 2 variants of CYP2A6 (CYP2A6*1B1, CYP2A6*4) and 1 variant of CHRNA5 (rs16969968) using Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.
RESULTS
Lung cancer risk was estimated as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using unconditional logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex and smoking. A significantly elevated lung cancer risk was associated with heterozygous, mutant and combined heterozygous plus mutant variants of CYP1A1 rs4646903. A significant association was also found for heterozygous and heterozygous plus mutant variants of rs1048943 which was in linkage disequilibrium with rs4646903. The risk of lung cancer was decreased significantly in individuals carrying at least one CYP2A6 deletion (CYP2A6*4) allele. No association with lung cancer risk was found for CHRNA5 rs16969968. When stratified by smoking, the effects of CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 polymorphisms on lung cancer susceptibility were found to be significant only in heavy smokers who had smoked 40 pack years or more (54% of all cases) but no associations were seen for lighter smokers. No association was also found with any polymorphism in the non-smokers in this study.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that the CYP1A1*2B allele (rs4646903 and rs1048943) is associated with an increased lung cancer risk and CYP2A6*4 is associated with a decreased lung cancer risk in the study population.
M. Sarwar, M. Islam, S.M. Al Baker, and A. Hasnat
Drug Research, ISSN: 21949379, eISSN: 21949387, Pages: 217-223, Published: May 2013 Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Resistant hypertension (RH) is defined as failure to achieve goal blood pressure while receiving a 3 drug regimen at optimal doses that includes a diuretic. The exact prevalence of resistant hypertension is unknown which may vary from 5% to 50%. Patient or clinician-related factors contributing to resistant hypertension include patient's non-adherence to antihypertensive therapy, White-coat effect and pseudo-hypertension and life style factors (Obesity, alcohol, smoking, dietary sodium etc). Several drugs may induce pre-existing hypertension where non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are usually the most common due to their frequent use; whereas oral contraceptives, sympathomimetics (decongestants, anorectics), adrenal steroids and antineoplastic drugs targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway has a good deal of contribution to resistant hypertension. Most common secondary causes of resistant hypertension are obstructive sleep apnea, renal artery stenosis, renal parenchymal disease, and primary aldosteronism while some uncommon causes such as pheochromocytoma, Cushing's disease, thyroid and parathyroid dysfunction; and aortic coarctation also contribute to resistant hypertension. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are available for the management of resistant hypertension. This article reviews the prevalence, symptoms, causes and treatment of resistant hypertension.
Abdus Salam, Md. Basir Ullah, Md. Safiqul Islam, Md. Abdus Salam, and Shah M. Ullah
Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, ISSN: 18739318, eISSN: 18739326, Pages: 239-245, Published: 2013 Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Particulate matters were collected at different urban and suburban locations in greater Dhaka region with a low volume sampler on Quartz filter papers. Total carbon (TC) was determined with combustion method and elemental carbon (EC) with two steps thermal method. Organic carbon (OC) was calculated from the difference between TC and EC. The grand average TC, EC, and OC concentrations in greater Dhaka were 81.2, 25.4, and 55.4 μg m−3, respectively. Average EC concentration was 32.4 ± 17.1 μg m−3 (urban Dhaka) and 18.4 ± 7.9 μg m−3 (suburban Dhaka). Average OC concentration was 76.7 ± 58.0 μg m−3 (urban Dhaka) and 34.1 ± 21.7 μg m−3 (suburban Dhaka). The average TC, OC, and EC concentrations at urban Dhaka were 52.2%, 55.5%, and 43.2% higher than the suburban Dhaka values, respectively. Very high concentrations were observed for carbonaceous species in Dhaka region. These may be due to the increased number of traffic vehicles, traffic jams, and also contributions from industrial growth in Dhaka city. Average EC/TC ratios are 0.34 for urban Dhaka and 0.37 for suburban Dhaka indicating typical fossil fuel is the source of carbonaceous species in greater Dhaka. The OC/EC ratio at urban Dhaka is 2.17, which is an indication of secondary OC formation rather than primary. The suburban Dhaka OC/EC ratio is 1.86 indicating OC is mostly primary origin. OC was the major carbonaceous component representing about 68% of the TC content (65% for suburban Dhaka and 70% urban Dhaka). A high fraction of OC in Dhaka aerosol may have serious implications for human health and climate change.
Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Hasanuzzaman Shohag, Rubaba Karim, A.G.M. Mustafa, Nurul Huda Bhuiyan, Matiur Rahim, and Abul Hasnat
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ISSN: 09461965, Pages: 452-458, Published: June 2012 Dustri-Verlgag Dr. Karl Feistle
OBJECTIVE
Although several generic oral formulations of azithromycin (AZT; CAS 83905-01-5) are available in Bangladesh, information regarding the bioavailability of these formulations in the Bangladeshi population is unavailable. The purpose of this study was to compare the relative bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic properties of 2 formulations of AZT 500 mg tablet, namely Azomac® (General Pharmaceutical Ltd., Bangladesh) (Test formulation) and Zithromax® (Pfizer, Rome, Italy) (Reference product) and to evaluate whether these formulations meet the FDA criteria to assume bioequivalence in Bangladeshi volunteers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A randomized, single-dose, two-way, cross-over, open-label pharmacokinetic study was performed in 24 healthy volunteers after administration of single dose of AZT 500 mg tablet under fasting condition following a washout period of 3 weeks. Blood samples were collected at pre-determined time points and analyzed for serum AZT concentration using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by a noncompartmental method.
RESULTS
From serum data, the obtained values given as mean (SD) for test and reference products were 382.41 (21.96), 392.31 (18.77) ng/ml for Cmax; 4.83(1.03), 4.83(1.03) h for tmax; 5,646.29 (912.19), 6,293.30 (966.76) h×ng/ml for AUC0-120; and 6,307.50 (863.40), 7,022.54 (961.28) h×ng/ml for AUC0-∞, respectively. The mean t1/2 was 41.44 (7.01), 41.16 (6.38) h for Test formulation and Reference product, respectively. The analysis of variance revealed no period or sequence effect for any pharmacokinetic property; however, a significant formulation effect was observed for Cmax, AUC0-120, AUC0-∞ and AUMC0-120. The 90% confidence intervals of the test/ reference mean ratios of the ln-transformed Cmax, AUC0-120 and AUC0-∞ were 87.89 - 89.36%, 87.40 - 91.70% and 87.47 - 92.07%, respectively, which fell within the predetermined FDA bioequivalence range.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that the test formulation met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence to the Reference tablet formulation in terms of both rate and extent of absorption.
German Journal of Psychiatry, eISSN: 14331055, Pages: 10-14, Published: 1 May 2012
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, ISSN: 00195464, Pages: 137-144, Published: April 2012
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, eISSN: 22313354, Pages: 77-80, Published: January 2012
Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Tasmin Ara Sultana, AGM Mostofa, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Zabun Nahar, and Abul Hasnat
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN: 18161820, eISSN: 18161839, Pages: 55-63, Published: 2012 Bangladesh Journals Online (JOL)
Azithromycin is an effective and well-known antimicrobial agent. In the present study, a simple, sensitive and specific LC/MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of Azithromycin in human serum samples using Clarithromycin as internal standard. Azithromycin was extracted from biological matrix by using solid phase extraction process. The chromatographic separation was performed on Luna C18 (3 ?, 2x150 mm) column with a mobile phase consisting of 35 mM ammonium acetate buffer (mobile phase-A) and acetonitrile and methanol in ratio of 90:10 ( as mobile phase-B) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The method was validated over a linear concentration range of 0.5?50.0 ng/mL and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.5 ng/mL with a coefficient of correlation (r2) = 0.9998. The intra-day and inter-day precision expressed as relative standard deviation were 1.64% 8.43% and 2.32% 9.92%, respectively. The average recovery of azithromycin from serum was 98.11%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Azithromycin 200 mg/5 ml suspension in healthy Bangladeshi volunteers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12488 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 55-63, 2012 (June)
M.S. Islam, A.B. Trini, H. Shohag, M.U. Ahmed, A. Al Maruf, and A. Hasnat
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ISSN: 09461965, Pages: 778-786, Published: December 2011 Dustri-Verlgag Dr. Karl Feistle
OBJECTIVE
Omeprazole 20 mg enteric coated capsule formulation is generally prepared either with omeprazole 8.5% or omeprazole 7.5% enteric coated pellets to accommodate in capsule Shell 2, but the use of omeprazole 22.5% enteric coated pellets in capsule Shell 5 for the same amount of omeprazole is a new concept and for the first time in the Bangladesh market. This study was conducted to compare the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of two omeprazole 20 mg capsule formulations namely Xeldrin®20 (ACI Ltd., Bangladesh) encapsulated with omeprazole 22.5% enteric coated pellets, as test product and Losec®20 (AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA) as reference product and to assess whether these formulations meet the FDA requirement for bioequivalence.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
24 non-smoking healthy Bangladeshi male subjects participated in this open-label, randomized-sequence, single- dose, two-way crossover study. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive test formulation, followed by reference formulation or vice versa, as a single dose of 20 mg capsule after 12 h overnight fasting. A washout period of 1 week was maintained between the treatments. Blood samples were collected before study drug administration (baseline) and at 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 9.0, and 12.0 h after study drug administration. Serum omeprazole concentrations were determined using a validated HPLC method with UV detection. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by the non-compartmental method. The two formulations were to be considered bioequivalent if the 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the ln-transformed ratios of pharmacokinetic parameters were within the predetermined equivalence range of 80 - 125% according to the guidelines of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Tolerability was assessed on the basis of adverse effects, monitoring vital signs, ECG and laboratory tests at baseline and after completion of the study with the assistance of registered physicians.
RESULTS
All 24 subjects completed the study without any adverse effect reported. After administering a single dose of 20 mg of each omeprazole formulation, the obtained mean (SD) values for the test and reference products were 608.40 (116.37) and 588.56 (98.36) ng/ml for Cmax; 1.83 (0.25) and 2.00 (0.30) h for tmax; 1,635.77 (581.25) and 1,639.58 (652.54) h-ng/ml for AUC0-12; and 1,721.12 (572.07) and 1,805.58 (856.39) h-ng/ml for AUC(0-∞) respectively. The mean t(1/2) was 3.33 (1.61) and 3.57 (1.24) h for test and reference product respectively. From paired t-test, no significant differences were observed (p > 0.05) for any pharmacokinetic parameters. The point estimates (90% CI) for the test/reference ratios of the ln-transformed AUC(0-12), AUC(0-∞) and C(max) mean values were 100.73% (91.40 -111.01%), 98.29% (88.45 -109.24%) and 103.06% (99.05 - 07.24%) respectively, which fell within the predetermined FDA bioequivalence range of 80 - 125%.
CONCLUSION
This single-dose study found that the test (Xeldrin®20) and reference (Losec®20) 20 mg capsule formulations of omeprazole in these fasting healthy male Bangladeshi subjects met the FDA regulatory criteria for bioequivalence.
M. S. Islam, N. Akter, H. Shohag, Ashik Ullah, A. Maruf, T. Sultana, A. M. Latif and A. Hasnat
Journal of Bioequivalence and Bioavailability, eISSN: 09750851, Pages: 139-143, Published: 2011
Bioequivalence study of two esomeprazole 20 mg capsule formulations namely Esolok ® 20 (Test product) and Nexium 20 (Reference product) was carried out in the present study. 24 healthy male volunteers were enrolled into this randomized, single-dose, two-period, crossover, open-label pharmacokinetic study with one week washout period. After administering a single dose of 20 mg of each formulation, blood samples were collected at different time intervals and analyzed for esomeprazole concentrations using a validated HPLC method. Non-compartmental method was used to determine different pharmacokinetic parameters. Obtained mean (SD) values for the test and reference products were 1.45 (0.53) and 1.53 (0.47) μg/ml for C max ; 2.25 (0.57) and 2.21 (0.71) hr for T max ; 4.38 (2.04) and 4.37 (2.35) hr-μg/ml for AUC 0-12 ; and 4.59 (1.99) and 4.62 (2.39) hr-μg/ml for AUC 0-∞ , respectively. The 90% CIs of the test/reference mean ratios of the ln-transformed AUC 0-12 , AUC 0-∞ and C max mean values were 102.51% (88.10% – 119.27%), 101.92% (87.32% – 118.96%) and 92.56% (85.73% – 99.93%) respectively, which were within the predetermined FDA bioequivalence range of 80% – 125%. In conclusion, the test and reference formulations of esomeprazole meet the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence both in terms of rate and extent of absorption.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, eISSN: 22313354, Pages: 145-148, Published: September 2011
M.S. Islam, Z.H. Mahmud, M.H. Uddin, K. Islam, M. Yunus, M.S. Islam, G.B. Nair, H.P. Endtz, and D.A. Sack
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, ISSN: 00359203, eISSN: 18783503, Volume: 105, Pages: 341-345, Published: June 2011 Oxford University Press (OUP)
In Bangladesh, one of the main causes of waterborne diseases is related to the use of contaminated surface water. This pilot study was conducted to determine the acceptability and effectiveness of a recently developed surface water purifying mixture to prevent diarrhoeal diseases in a rural community in Bangladesh. The mixture, using a combination of alum potash, bleaching powder and lime, is added to 15 l of surface water and mixed; the water becomes suitable for drinking after 30 min. A total of 420 households from 15 villages were provided with the mixture and were taught how to use it. Episodes of diarrhoeal disease from study families were determined from hospital records of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) in Matlab and were compared with diarrhoea episodes among 1613 control families who were not provided with the mixture. A total of 83 diarrhoeal patients were treated at Matlab Hospital from 1613 control families, but only one patient was treated for diarrhoea from among the intervention families. Among the intervention families, 73 families decided to shift from using tube well water to surface water using the mixture. The mixture could be used as a cheaper, easier and simpler point-of-use water treatment strategy in Bangladesh.
Mohammad S. Islam, Zahid H. Mahmud, Mohammad Ansaruzzaman, Shah M. Faruque, Kaisar A. Talukder, Firdausi Qadri, Munirul Alam, Shafiqul Islam, Pradip K. Bardhan, Ramendra N. Mazumder, Azharul I. Khan, Sirajuddin Ahmed, Anwarul Iqbal, Owen Chitsatso, James Mudzori, Sheetal Patel, Stanley M. Midzi, Lincoln Charimari, Hubert P. Endtz, and Alejandro Cravioto
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, ISSN: 00951137, eISSN: 1098660X, Pages: 2325-2327, Published: June 2011 American Society for Microbiology
ABSTRACT This paper details the phenotypic, genotypic, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of 88 Vibrio cholerae strains from Zimbabwe. Of the 88 strains, 83 were classified as “altered El Tor” and 5 as “hybrid El Tor” strains. All of the strains were susceptible to tetracycline, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin by disc diffusion, but susceptibility to tetracycline and azithromycin diminished when observed using the MIC method.
Golam Mortuza Shahed, Md Ashik Ullah, Abdullah Al Abdullah Al, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Zebun Nahar, and Abul Hasnat
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN: 18161820, eISSN: 18161839, Pages: 109-116, Published: 2011 Bangladesh Journals Online (JOL)
In the present study, a simple RP?HPLC method with UV detection has been validated to determine cefdinir concentrations in human serum samples and applied to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefdinir in healthy Bangladeshi male volunteers. The mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 0.2 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 3.2 ± 0.05 adjusted with o-phosphoric acid) and methanol at a ratio of 70:30 (v/v), was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min through the C18 column at room temperature and the chromatographic separation was monitored at a wavelength of 254 nm with a sensitivity of 0.0001 AUFS. Cefaclor was used as internal standard. The developed method was selective and linear for cefdinir concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 5 ?g/ml for serum samples. The lower limit of quantification was defined as the lowest concentration on the calibration curve (0.05 ?g/ml) for which an acceptable accuracy of 111.60 % and a precision of 7.65 % were obtained, while the minimum detectable quantity of cefdinir was found to be 0.02 ?g/ml. The intra-day and inter-day coefficient of variation (CV) at 0.05 ?g/ml were 7.65% and 9.72%, respectively. The average recovery of cefdinir from serum was 96.43 %. Acceptable results were obtained during stability study. The mean Cmax of cefdinir was found to be 1.42 ± 0.53 ?g/ml attained at a mean Tmax of 3.81 ± 0.96 hr. The mean elimination half-life was 2.03 hours. This method proved to be simple, accurate and precise for pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence studies of cefdinir. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11790 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 109-116, 2011 (December)
Md. Shohag, Mohammad Islam, Maizbha Ahmed, Jafreen Joti, Md. Islam, Md. Hasanuzzaman, and Abul Hasnat
Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research, ISSN: 00044172, Pages: 617-621, Published: 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG
The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of two etoricoxib (CAS 202409-33-4) 60 mg formulations, namely Etocox-60 (test product) and reference product, and to evaluate whether these two formulations meet the FDA criteria to assume bioequivalence. Twenty-four healthy volunteers were enrolled into this randomized, single-dose, 2-way crossover, open-label pharmacokinetic study. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive the test formulation followed by the reference formulation or vice versa as a single dose of 60 mg tablets after 12 h overnight fasting, with a washout period of two weeks. Following oral administration, blood samples were collected at 0 (baseline), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 24.0, 48.0, 72.0, 96.0, and 120.0 h. Serum concentration of etoricoxib was assessed using a high performance liquid chromatographic-UV spectrometry procedure. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by the non-compartmental method. After administering a single dose of 60 mg of each etoricoxib formulation, the obtained mean (SD) values for the test and reference products were 1.26 (0.33) and 1.29 (0.35) microg/ml for Cmax; 3.25 (2.64) and 2.63 (1.40) h for t(max); 29.63 (8.31) and 30.40 (5.85) h x microg/ml for AUC0-120; and 31.84 (10.97) and 33.00 (8.10) h x microg/ml for AUC0-infinity, respectively. The mean t1/2 was found 27.99 (7.87) h and 29.84 (7.93) h for test and reference product respectively. From paired t-test, no significant differences were observed (p > 0.05) for any pharmacokinetic parameters. After analysis of variance, no period, sequence or formulation effects were observed for any pharmacokinetic property. The 90% confidence intervals of the test/reference mean ratios of the 1n-transformed AUC0-120, AUC0-infinity and Cmax mean values were 95.90% (85.37%-107.74 %), 94.69% (84.43%-106.20%) and 97.87% (85.54 %-111.98 %), respectively, which fell within the predetermined FDA bioequivalence range of 80%-125%. This single-dose study found that the test and reference formulations of etoricoxib met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence in terms of both rate and extent of absorption.
Md Mazharul Islam Chowdhury, Md Ashik Ullah, Abdullah Al Maruf, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, Md Hasanuzzaman Shohag, MAK Azad, and Abul Hasnat
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN: 18161820, eISSN: 18161839, Pages: 71-78, Published: 2011 Bangladesh Journals Online (JOL)
Trimetazidine is an effective and well-tolerated antianginal drug. In the present study, a simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection was developed and validated for the quantification of trimetazidine in human serum samples using caffeine as internal standard. Protein precipitation method with methanol was employed in the extraction of trimetazidine and caffeine from biological matrix. The chromatographic separation was accomplished on Xterra C18 Column with a mobile phase consisting 0.01 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 4.16 ± 0.01 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid, with a solvent system of triethanolamine and acetonitrile (90:10) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The chromatogram was monitored at a wavelength of 207 nm. The method was validated over a linear concentration range of 5-200 ng/ml and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 5.0 ng/ml with a coefficient of correlation (r2) ? 0.996. The intra-day and inter-day precision expressed as relative standard deviation was 3.40%-11.63% and 1.30%-10.21%, respectively. The average recovery of trimetazidine from serum was 97.44%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of modified release trimetazidine hydrochloride tablet (35 mg) in healthy Bangladeshi volunteers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11783 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 71-78, 2011 (December)
Rubaba Karim, Zabun Nahar, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Maizbha Uddin Ahmed, AGM Mustafa, Md Hasanuzzaman Shohag, Abdullah Al Maruf, and Abul Hasnat
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN: 18161820, eISSN: 18161839, Pages: 59-64, Published: 2011 Bangladesh Journals Online (JOL)
In the present study serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Vitamin C profiles of conversion disorder patients were compared with control and evaluated the correlation between MDA and vitamin C level was evaluated with their socioeconomic factors. Conversion disorder patients (n=45), age ranging from 17 to 41 years, were randomly recruited from the Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh for this study. Control group also included 45 healthy individuals matched by the socio-demographic status to that of the patients. Blood samples were analyzed for determining MDA and vitamin C using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. Serum concentrations of MDA and vitamin C of conversion disorder patients were 2.19 ± 1.47 and 19.23 ± 5.59 μmol/L respectively while these were 2.11 ± 0.88 and 21.00 ±4.96 μmol/L in control subjects respectively. Socioeconomic data revealed that most of the patients were young female and unmarried. The mean BMI of patients (21.05 ± 3.39) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the control subjects (20.86 ± 1.86). Moreover, statistical analysis revealed that there were no significant correlation between MDA, vitamin C concentrations and socioeconomic factors. The results of our study have shown higher oxygen free radical production, evidenced by increased levels of MDA and decreased levels of ascorbic acid which supports the oxidative stress in conversion disorder patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i1.10017 DUJPS 2011; 10(1): 59-64
Tasmin Sultana, Mohammad Islam, Md. Bhuiyan, Md. Shohag, Maizbha Ahmed, Sultana Naznin, Abdullah Maruf, SM Huq, and Abul Hasnat
Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research, ISSN: 00044172, Pages: 594-598, Published: 2011 Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Azithromycin (AZT; CAS 83905-01-5) is an efficient antibiotic and is widely prescribed in Bangladesh. The taste of uncoated AZT suspension is bitter. Although several taste masked oral suspensions of AZT are available in Bangladesh, information regarding the bioavailability of these formulations in Bangladeshi population is unavailable. The purpose of this study was to compare the relative bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic properties of two oral formulation of AZT (200 mg/5 ml) suspensions, the uncoated reference product and coated test product (Tridosil 200 mg/5 ml) and to evaluate whether these formulations meet the FDA criteria to assume bioequivalence in Bangladeshi male volunteers. A randomized, single-dose, two-way cross-over, open-label pharmacokinetic study was conducted in 24 healthy male volunteers after administration of a single dose of 500 mg AZT suspension under fasting condition following a washout period of three weeks. Blood samples were collected in different time intervals and analyzed for serum AZT concentration using a validated LC/MS/MS method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by the non-compartmental method. From serum data, the obtained values for test and reference products were 383.21 +/- 11.59 and 432.28 +/- 7.22 ng/ ml for Cmax; 5677.47 +/- 1229.53 and 6144.56 +/- 1098.70 h x ng/ml for AUC(0-120); and 6085.29 +/- 1267.53 and 6694.15 +/- 1222.50 h x ng/ml for AUC(0-infinity), respectively. On analysis of variance, no period or sequence effects were observed for any pharmacokinetic property; however, a significant formulation effect was observed for Cmax and AUMC(0-infinity). The 90% confidence intervals of the test formulation/reference mean ratios of the Intransformed Cmax, AUC(0-120) and AUC(0-infinity) mean values were found to be 87.89% to 89.36%, 87.96% to 95.71% and 86.77% to 94.29% respectively. In this single-dose study of AZT, it was found that the test formulation met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence to the reference suspension formulation.
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN: 18161820, eISSN: 18161839, Pages: 104-108, Published: 2010
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, ISSN: 00195464, Pages: 28-35, Published: January 2010
Sultana Rajia Naznin, Mahabuba Khanam, Abdullah Al Maruf, Md Hasanuzzaman Shohag, Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Shelina Fatema Binte Shahid, and Abul Hasnat
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN: 18161820, eISSN: 18161839, Pages: 119-124, Published: 2010 Bangladesh Journals Online (JOL)
The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of serum Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn in Bangladeshi conversion disorder patients compared to control subjects and to correlate the changes, if any, with different socio-demographic factors and nutritional status. Forty five conversion disorder patients were randomly recruited. Forty five healthy control subjects were also recruited by matching the socio-demographic status to that of the patients. Blood samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of serum Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Except for Mg, the concentrations of the other elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, and Mn) decreased in patients compared to control, but the changes were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Serum Mg level increased insignificantly in patients (p > 0.05). No significant relationship was found between the sociodemographic variables and serum Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn and Mn levels, except for serum Fe, where a significant negative correlation was found between serum Fe level and BMI (r = –0.428; p = 0.023). Key words: Conversion disorder patients; serum elements; socio-economic status DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v9i2.7896 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9(2): 119-124, 2010 (December)
M.S. Islam, M.A.Y. Sharker, S. Rheman, S. Hossain, Z.H. Mahmud, M.S. Islam, A.M.K. Uddin, M. Yunus, M.S. Osman, R. Ernst, I. Rector, C.P. Larson, S.P. Luby, H.P. Endtz, and A. Cravioto
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, ISSN: 00359203, Volume: 103, Pages: 1165-1170, Published: November 2009 Oxford University Press (OUP)
Cholera is considered as a model for climate-related infectious diseases. In Bangladesh, cholera epidemics occur during summer and winter seasons, but it is not known how climate variability influences the seasonality of cholera. Therefore, the variability pattern of cholera events was studied in relation to the variation in local climate variables in Matlab, Bangladesh. Classification and regression tree (CART) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to study the dependency and variability pattern of monthly total cholera cases. An average temperature <23.25 degrees C corresponded to the lowest average cholera occurrence (23 cases/month). At a temperature of >or=23.25 degrees C and sunshine <4.13h/day, the cholera occurrence was 39 cases/month. With increased sunshine (>or=4.13h/day) and temperature (23.25-28.66 degrees C), the second highest cholera occurrence (44 cases/month) was observed. When the sunshine was >or=4.13h/day and the temperature was >28.66 degrees C, the highest cholera occurrence (54 cases/month) was observed. These results demonstrate that in summer and winter seasons in Bangladesh, temperature and sunshine hours compensate each other for higher cholera incidence. The synergistic effect of temperature and sunshine hours provided the highest number of cholera cases.
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, ISSN: 00195464, Pages: 46-54, Published: January 2009
Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, ISSN: 17350328, eISSN: 17266890, Pages: 101-108, Published: March 2008
Sundeep K. Gupta, Pavani Kalluri Ram, Richard Johnston, Stephen P. Luby, and M. S. Islam
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, ISSN: 00029637, Pages: 979-984, Published: June 2008 American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
To evaluate the effectiveness of the chulli water purifier, a new household water treatment strategy in Bangladesh that relies on passing water through a stove, we interviewed persons who had this water purifier. From households using it regularly, we tested untreated water, sand-filtered water without heat pasteurization, sand-filtered and heat pasteurized water, and household stored, treated water. Reasons for discontinuing use among 80 of 101 persons included mechanical problems (49%), inconvenience (35%), and high cost (10%). Only four households were regularly using the purifier. Three (19%) of 16 heat-treated samples were positive for Escherichia coli. The median log reduction from source water was > 5. Nine (56%) stored water samples were positive for E. coli, indicating recontamination. Poor durability, inconvenience, high cost, and post-treatment contamination limit the usefulness of the purifier. These issues, which are relevant for other household water treatment strategies, should be resolved before further implementation.
M. S. ISLAM, M. M. GOLDAR, M. G. MORSHED, H. B. M. BAKHT, M. S. ISLAM, and D. A. SACK
Epidemiology and Infection, ISSN: 09502688, eISSN: 14694409, Volume: 134, Pages: 645-648, Published: June 2006 Cambridge University Press (CUP)
The chemotactic response of Vibrio cholerae O1 towards the mucilaginous sheath of Anabaena sp. was investigated by capillary tube method using a virulent strain of V. cholerae O1, El Tor, Ogawa (3083-T) and its isogenic mutant (HAP-1-T) that lacks the hap gene, which codes for mucinase (HA/protease). Homogenates of Anabaena sp. and purified mucin were used in this study as chemoattractants. Results showed 5·7% bacterial accumulation of wild-type V. cholerae O1 towards 4% homogenates of Anabaena sp. whereas, its mutant (hap−) showed 2·9% accumulation after 90 min. The higher percentage of attraction of wild-type V. cholerae O1 than the mutant (hap−) towards mucin and the homogenates of Anabaena sp. might be due to the activity of mucinase. These results indicate the role of mucinase in the chemotactic motility of V. cholerae O1 towards Anabaena sp.
M S Islam, S Mahmuda, M G Morshed, H B.M Bakht, M N.H Khan, R B Sack, and D A Sack
Canadian Journal of Microbiology, ISSN: 00084166, Pages: 127-131, Published: February 2004 Canadian Science Publishing
Recently, a new strain of cholera, Vibrio cholerae O139, has emerged as an epidemic strain, but there is little information about its environmental reservoir. The present investigation was aimed to determine the role of cyanobacteria in the persistence of V. cholerae O139 in microcosms. An environmental isolate of V. cholerae O139 and three cyanobacteria (Anabaena sp., Nostoc sp., and Hapalosiphon sp.) were used in this study. Survival of culturable V. cholerae O139 in microcosms was monitored using taurocholate-tellurite gelatin agar medium. Viable but nonculturable V. cholerae O139 were detected using a fluorescent antibody technique. Vibrio cholerae O139 could be isolated for up to 12 days in a culturable form in association with cyanobacteria but could not be isolated in the culturable form after 2 days from control water without cyanobacteria. The viable but nonculturable V. cholerae O139 could be detected in association with cyanobacteria for up to 15 months. These results, therefore, suggest that cyanobacteria can act as a long-term reservoir of V. cholerae O139 in an aquatic environment.Key words: cyanobacteria, persistence, Vibrio cholerae, microcosm, reservoir.
M S Islam, M S Kabir, S I Khan, M Ekramullah, G B Nair, R B Sack, and D A Sack
Canadian Journal of Microbiology, ISSN: 00084166, Pages: 51-56, Published: January 2004 Canadian Science Publishing
Duckweed has been used for the treatment of wastewater and as fish feed. A comparative study was carried out to determine (i) the efficacy of duckweed in treating hospital-based wastewater and (ii) the level of the microbial contamination of fish fed on wastewater-grown duckweed. There were two groups of ponds where fish farming was done. In one group of ponds (control ponds), duckweed that was grown using artificial fertilizer was used as fish feed; in another group (study ponds), wastewater-grown duckweed was used as fish feed. The faecal contamination of water, duckweed, and fish from study and control ponds were monitored by faecal coliform estimation. The presence of enteric pathogens among handlers, water, duckweed, and fish samples was also examined. It was observed that the faecal coliform counts of raw wastewater were 4.7 Log10CFU/mL, which was reduced to <1 Log10CFU/mL after treating with duckweed. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in faecal coliform counts in water collected from duckweed ponds and fish ponds of study and control areas. The wastewater-grown duckweed did not pose any health hazard to the handlers. These results demonstrated that the wastewater-treated duckweed may be safely used as fish feed.Key words: wastewater, duckweed, fish feed, contamination, safety.
M. S. Islam, A. Begum, S. I. Khan, M. A. Sadique, M. N. H. Khan, M. J. Albert, M. Yunus, A. Huq, and R. R. Col Well
International Journal of Environmental Studies, ISSN: 00207233, Pages: 33-46, Published: 2000 Informa UK Limited
In rural Bangladesh various components of four ponds, including aquatic plants, snails, water, oysters, and sediment were studied for faecal contamination for three years, from July 1994, to June 1997. Faecal coliform counts ranged from 2.80–5.45, 2.95–5.64, 1.49–2.05, 2.51–4.60 and 1.30–3.15 log10cfu/gm or ml in plant, snail, water, oyster and sediment samples respectively during the study period. Snail and sediment samples showed highest and lowest counts, respectively. All components of the studied ponds included in this study yielded coliform counts higher than the accepted limit for potability and domestic use, as recommended by the WHO. Therefore these ponds have a high potential for transmission of diarrhoeal and other water‐borne diseases.
M.S. Islam, Z. Rahim, M.J. Alam, S. Begum, S.M. Moniruzzaman, A. Umeda, K. Amako, M.J. Albert, R.B. Sack, A. Huq, and R.R. Colwell
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, ISSN: 00359203, Pages: 36-40, Published: 1999 Oxford University Press (OUP)
It has been hypothesized that Vibrio cholerae is an autochthonous flora of the estuarine and brackish water environment. Zooplankton and phytoplankton have been considered as possible reservoirs. The present study was carried out in microcosms to confirm the role of a cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp., as a reservoir of V. cholerae O1 using culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoelectron microscopy. Survival of culturable V. cholerae in microcosms was monitored by using tellurite taurocholate gelatin agar. Culturable V. cholerae were detected for up to 1 h in association with Anabaena sp. from a microcosm. However, viable but nonculturable (VBNC) V. cholerae O1 were detected for up to 25 months using PCR and immunoelectron microscopy. Results also showed that VBNC V. cholerae can multiply and maintain their progeny in the mucilaginous sheath of Anabaena sp. This is the first time that PCR and immunoelectron microscopy have been used to detect nonculturable V. cholerae in association with Anabaena sp. This study further clarifies the role of Anabaena sp. as a possible reservoir of cholera.
Journal of Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, ISSN: 02538768, Pages: 248-251, Published: 1998