Ramnarayan BK

@dscds.edu.in

Professor Oral Medicine and Radiology
Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences

Ramnarayan BK


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https://researchid.co/tessie1979

EDUCATION

MDS oral medicine and Radiology

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Artificial Intelligence
Forensic Odontology
Saliva
Oral Cancer
20

Scopus Publications

232

Scholar Citations

9

Scholar h-index

9

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • Efficacy and safety of gene therapy in β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Ramnarayan Belur Krishna Prasad, Krishnanand P. Setlur, Vidya M. Annegowda, Savita Mallikarjun A., Pallavi Nanaiah, et al.
    Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2026
    β-Thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) are inherited hemoglobinopathies that pose substantial global health challenges. Gene therapy has emerged as a transformative, potentially curative approach by directly targeting the underlying genetic defects responsible for these disorders. This systematic review and meta-analysis critically assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of contemporary gene therapy modalities, including lentiviral-based platforms (e.g., Zynteglo) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9–based approaches (e.g., Casgevy), in patients with β-thalassemia and SCD. A comprehensive literature search spanning January 2013 to March 2025 was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Pooled analyses demonstrated a significant increase in transfusion independence among treated patients (Z = 5.89, p < 0.001), with moderate heterogeneity across studies. Lentiviral gene therapies consistently achieved haemoglobin normalisation and sustained transfusion freedom, whereas early-phase CRISPR trials highlighted favourable safety profiles and high gene-editing precision. Despite these promising outcomes, challenges such as insertional mutagenesis, off-target editing, high therapeutic costs, and limited availability in resource-constrained regions persist. In summary, gene therapy represents a clinically effective and potentially curative intervention for β-thalassemia and SCD. Nonetheless, rigorous long-term safety monitoring and strategies to enhance global accessibility are essential to ensure equitable implementation and sustainable patient outcomes.
  • Artificial Intelligence–Driven Dentistry: A Systematic Review of Ethical and Legal Challenges
    Ramnarayan B. K., Alexander Maniangat Luke, Vidya M. A., Krishna Prasad Shetty
    International Journal of Dentistry, 2026
    Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is unraveling new paths for dentistry by improving diagnostic accuracy. This is streamlining treatment planning and optimizing clinical workflows. Yet, its integration brings forth crucial ethical, legal, and regulatory challenges, which range from safeguarding patient autonomy and data privacy to addressing algorithmic bias, ensuring transparency, and maintaining professional accountability. Objective This systematic review brings together existing evidence on the ethical and legal aspects of technology‐driven dentistry. Methods In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, five electronic databases, along with official sources (FDA, EU Commission, and FDI) published from 2019 to August 2025. Eligible studies focused on the ethical, legal, or regulatory dimensions of digital technologies in dentistry. Data were extracted and thematically organized into five domains: patient autonomy and informed consent, data privacy and security, bias and fairness, transparency and accountability, and regulatory/legal frameworks. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to evaluate the risk of bias. Results A total of 16 records met the inclusion criteria, and the findings emphasize the need to protect patient rights, ensure clinician readiness, and align with international and regional regulations (EU AI Act, FDA, and FDI). Policy frameworks offered reliable guidance, while surveys and commentaries carried moderate bias. Conclusion The use of digital technologies in dentistry requires a balanced approach with clear frameworks, global guidelines, and targeted clinician training that are essential to ensure patient‐centered, fair, and legally compliant adoption in modern dental care.
  • Integration of AI-Based Risk Stratification Tools in Tobacco Cessation Counselling in Dental Clinics
    B. K. Ramnarayan, D. R. Mahesh, J. Avinash, M. Nayana, Fatema Akhter
    AI in Clinical Diagnosis Prediction and Patient Care, 2026
    Tobacco cessation interventions delivered by dental professionals have shown significant promise in addressing one of the most prevalent preventable health risks. This multi-centre randomised controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of integrating artificial intelligence-based risk-stratification tools into tobacco cessation counselling in dental clinic settings. Between January 2023 and March 2025, 584 adult tobacco users were recruited from 12 dental clinics and randomly assigned to receive either standard tobacco cessation counseling (control group, n = 292) or AI-enhanced counseling incorporating personalized risk assessment and tailored intervention strategies (intervention group, n = 292). The primary outcome was biochemically validated tobacco abstinence at 6-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included patient engagement metrics, counsellor satisfaction scores, and accuracy of relapse risk prediction.
  • Revolutionizing dental restorations: Insights into computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing materials-A systematic review
    B. K. Ramnarayan, Suresh M. Nagral, Pallavi Nanaiah, Krishnanand P. Satelur, R. Venkatasubramanian, et al.
    Dental Research Journal, 2025
    The integration of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technology has significantly transformed restorative dentistry. This review explores the game-changing influence of CAD/CAM systems in restorative dentistry, emphasizing the clinical performance, mechanical attributes, and esthetic potential of contemporary materials such as zirconia, lithium disilicate, polyetheretherketone, polymethylmethacrylate, and advanced resin composites.This systematic review, conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and structured using the PICO framework, comprehensively explored evidence on CAD/CAM dental materials. A thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2015–2025) initially identified 1300 records. After rigorous screening and eligibility assessment, studies addressing clinical indications, mechanical performance, and material-specific outcomes of CAD/CAM restorations were included for qualitative synthesis. Lithium disilicate and zirconia emerged as frontrunners in fracture resistance, marginal adaptation, and long-term esthetics. Glass-ceramics and nanohybrid composites demonstrated high performance in posterior and veneer applications. Comparative trials favored CAD/CAM over conventional restorations in precision, fit, and durability. Risk-of-bias assessment indicated predominantly low bias across key domains, ensuring reliability of findings. CAD/CAM materials combine digital precision with clinical excellence, offering strong mechanical performance and refined esthetics for optimal functional outcomes. Clinical evidence highlights their accuracy, efficiency, and long-term success compared to traditional restorative techniques.
  • Development and validation of an artificial intelligence algorithm for cervical vertebral maturation staging using lateral cephalograms
    Ramnarayan BK, Sindhu P, Preeti Patil, Arjun Krishnamurthy, Mahesh DR, et al.
    Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 2025
  • DENTAL TOURISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL BURDEN: A REVIEW OF CROSS-BORDER TRAVEL, WASTE, AND ENERGY USE
    Scientific Culture, 2025
  • Quantitative Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Space in Bruxers: A Cross-Sectional Radiographic Study
    Ramnarayan B. K., Preeti Patil, Meenakshi Chowdhary, Savita A. M., Krishnanand P. S., et al.
    International Journal of Dentistry, 2025
    Background Bruxism is a parafunctional habit that can lead to significant dental and musculoskeletal complications. Chronic bruxism may impose excessive and abnormal mechanical loads on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), potentially altering joint morphology and joint space dimensions. These changes can be subtle and asymptomatic initially, but they may progress to disorders such as disc displacement, joint pain, and functional limitations. Radiographic evaluation of TMJ space, particularly through advanced imaging modalities such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), offers a noninvasive means of quantifying joint space alterations. However, the relationship between bruxism and TMJ space narrowing or asymmetry remains inadequately understood, with inconsistent findings across existing literature. Objective To quantitatively evaluate the TMJ space in individuals with bruxism using CBCT and compare findings with matched nonbruxer controls. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 75 patients clinically diagnosed with bruxism (age 20–45 years, 36 males, 39 females). CBCT scans were analyzed to measure anterior joint space (AJS), superior joint space (SJS), and posterior joint space (PJS) bilaterally. Data were compared to normative values from 30 age‐ and sex‐matched nonbruxers. Independent t ‐test was used to compare joint space dimensions between bruxers and nonbruxers, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results Bruxers demonstrated a significantly reduced SJS (2.73 ± 0.39 mm) and increased PJS (3.29 ± 0.44 mm) compared to nonbruxers (3.16 ± 0.34 mm and 2.80 ± 0.37 mm, respectively) on CBCT analysis ( p < 0.001), indicating distinct condylar displacement patterns. Age was significantly negatively correlated with SJS, indicating progressive joint space narrowing with advancing age in bruxers. Male bruxers showed significantly higher PJS compared to females ( p = 0.018), potentially reflecting gender‐based anatomical or functional variation in response to bruxism. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that bruxers exhibit significantly increased posterior and reduced SJS dimensions compared to nonbruxers, indicating early condylar positional alterations detectable on CBCT that may aid in timely diagnosis and prevention of symptomatic temporomandibular joint disorders.
  • WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY INITIATIVES IN BALKAN COUNTRIES: CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
    Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 2025
  • Association between Clinical Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Disorders Using Research Diagnostic Criteria and Morphological Changes of the Condyle and Abnormal Joint Spaces Using CBCT
    Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2023
  • Salivary detection of high-risk human papillomavirus 16 in oral squamous cell carcinoma using polymerase chain reaction in the South Indian population
    Alekhya Kanaparthi, SoujanyaL Krishnappa, ChayaM David, BK Ramnarayan, SuprithL Krishnappa, et al.
    Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 2021
    Introduction: Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as a potential carcinogen. There are several types of HPV, of which type 16 has been strongly implicated in carcinogenesis. HPV16 in saliva can potentially facilitate early detection of subclinical cases that may warrant further diagnosis, monitoring and intervention. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of HPV 16 in saliva and lesional tissue of OSCC and to determine the use of saliva as an alternative non invasive diagnostic tool in HPV16 identification. Materials and methods: 30 cases of Histopathologically confirmed OSCC with HPV positive on ELISA were taken up for the study. The tumour tissue and saliva sample of each patient were obtained to detect the presence of specific HPV16 genotype by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data was subjected to statistical analysis using Student t-test. Results: In our study we found 28/30, 26/30 positive for HPV 16 in tissue and saliva samples respectively on PCR analysis. The P value was statistically significant (0.00). Conclusion: The study revealed significant prevalence of HPV 16 among both tissue and salivary specimens of OSCC patients in south Indian population. Though, the yielded content was relatively less in saliva, it can be concluded that, saliva being a non invasive tool proved to be as useful as tissue specimen and can be used as an alternative indicator of HPV16 positivity in OSCC.
  • Field cancerization of oral cavity - A case series with review of literature
    Jayalekshmy Rema, Padar Shastry Shilpa, Anita Balan, Belur Krishnaprasad Ramnarayan, Prathima Maligi
    Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology, 2015
  • Clinicopathologic diagnostic criteria of an enigmatic entity: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia
    RamnarayanBelur Krishna Prasad, PrathimaMallappa Maligi, Smitha Thimappa, Shashi Ram
    Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2015
  • An insight into salivary markers in oral cancer
    Dental Research Journal, 2013
  • Salivary IgG assay to detect Helicobacter pylori infection in an Indian adult population
    RamyaThirumala Krishnaswamy, ChayaManoranjini David, Savitha Govindaiah, RamnarayanBelur Krishnaprasad, SanjayChikkarasinakere Jogigowda
    Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2012
  • Brittle teeth with brittle bone in a family for four generations: Case report and literature review
    PS Shilpa, ChayaM David, Rachna Kaul, CJ Sanjay, BK Ram Narayan
    Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 2012
  • Management of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis: Report of a case and literature review
    Pediatric Dentistry, 2011
  • Intraosseous ameloblastoma masquerading as exophytic growth: a case report
    Sanjay CJ, Chaya M David, Rachna Kaul, Ramnarayan BK, Prashanth Ramachandra
    Imaging Science in Dentistry, 2011
  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia of palate: A case report
    Sowmya Krishna, Ramnarayan BK
    Imaging Science in Dentistry, 2011
  • Analysis of cytogenetic effects of radiation in dental personnel exposed to diagnostic X-rays
    Ameerunnisa, Chaya M. David, G. Savitha, B.K. Ramnarayan, C.J. Sanjay
    International Journal of Human Genetics, 2011
  • Detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in saliva
    Shilpa PS, Chaya M David, Rachna Kaul, Sanjay CJ, Rema J, et al.
    Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2011

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Integration of AI-Based Risk Stratification Tools in Tobacco Cessation Counselling in Dental Clinics
    BK Ramnarayan, DR Mahesh, J Avinash, M Nayana, F Akhter
    AI in Clinical Diagnosis, Prediction, and Patient Care, 293-312 , 2026
    2026
  • Artificial Intelligence–Driven Dentistry: A Systematic Review of Ethical and Legal Challenges
    R BK, AM Luke, V MA, KP Shetty
    International Journal of Dentistry 2026 (1), 1870800 , 2026
    2026
    Citations: 3
  • Revolutionizing dental restorations: Insights into computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing materials–A systematic review
    BK Ramnarayan, SM Nagral, P Nanaiah, KP Satelur, ...
    Dental Research Journal 22 (12), 52 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 3
  • DENTAL TOURISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL BURDEN: A REVIEW OF CROSS-BORDER TRAVEL, WASTE, AND ENERGY USE.
    R BK, K PS, V MA, S AM
    Scientific Culture 11 (4) , 2025
    2025
  • Effect of Electromagnetic Field on Oral Tissues: A Narrative Review.
    VD MaLLiPaTTaNa, KPKS SaTeLur, MMDNM Shah, P THIRUGNANA, ...
    Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research 19 (10) , 2025
    2025
  • Development and validation of an artificial intelligence algorithm for cervical vertebral maturation staging using lateral cephalograms
    BK Ramnarayan, P Sindhu, DR Mahesh, S Darshana
    Medical Journal Armed Forces India , 2025
    2025
  • Revolutionizing Oral Cancer Detection: Fusing the Power of Light and AI for Early Diagnosis
    SN Darshana, BK Ramnarayan, DR Mahesh
    World Journal of Dental Excellence 1 (1), 59-64 , 2025
    2025
  • Comparative Analysis of Vital and Nonvital Pulp Therapy Outcomes in Pediatric Endodontics
    R Venkatasubramanian, BK Ramnarayan, KP Satelur, J Avinash, ...
    Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 17 (Suppl 2), S1799-S1801 , 2025
    2025
  • Evaluation of Anxiety-Induced Hemodynamics Response in Known Hypertensive Patients Undergoing Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: An Observational Study
    ES Shobha, MD Anagha, V Rangan, YN Raj, M Patil, BK Ramnarayan
    Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 17 (Suppl 2), S1817-S1819 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 1
  • Quantitative Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Space in Bruxers: A Cross‐Sectional Radiographic Study
    R BK, P Patil, M Chowdhary, S AM, K PS, D S
    International Journal of Dentistry 2025 (1), 3266073 , 2025
    2025
  • Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma–A Diagnostic Enigma: A Case Report
    DS Nayak, BK Ramnarayan, MD Ramanand, P Patil
    World Journal of Dental Excellence 1 (2), 27-30 , 2025
    2025
  • Association between Clinical Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Disorders Using Research Diagnostic Criteria and Morphological Changes of the Condyle and Abnormal Joint Spaces …
    GA Prarthana, S Krishna, TA Deepak, VR Pawar, BK Ramnarayan, ...
    Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 35 (4), 577-582 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 1
  • Current and Future Trends of Artificial Intelligence in Oral Medicine and Radiology-A Review
    BK Ramnarayan
    Eur. Chem. Bull , 2023
    2023
  • A Rare case report of Angioedema Secondary to Contact with Kerosene
    P Patil, BK Ramnarayan, SB Devi, DR Mahesh, DS Nayak, CM David
    Eur. Chem. Bull. , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 1
  • Micro RNAs and Oral Cancer – A Review
    DMR Chaya M David, Dr Ramnarayan BK
    International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods 10 (6 … , 2022
    2022
  • Volumetric analysis of mandibular condyle for sexual dimorphism using cone beam computed tomography-A cross sectional study
    DRNBK Ancy Kuriakose, Dr. Chaya M David, Dr. Namitha Jayapal
    international Journal of Dental Science and Innovative Research 2- 5 (5 … , 2022
    2022
  • Salivary detection of high-risk human papillomavirus 16 in oral squamous cell carcinoma using polymerase chain reaction in the South Indian population
    SL Krishnappa, CM David, BK Ramnarayan, A Kanaparthi, ...
    Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 17 (4), 1017-1024 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 3
  • Artificial Intelligence: Getting Technology In Dental Clinics- A Review
    CMD Ramnarayan B K, Vaishali Hanjagi, Mahesh D R
    International Journal of Current Advanced Research 10 (5), 24326-24331 , 2021
    2021
  • Cone Beam Computed Tomography In Endodontics– A Review.
    PP Chaya M David, Shambu Sharan Yadav, Manasa A Meiundi, Ramnarayan BK ...
    Int. J Sci Res 9 (6), 1-4 , 2020
    2020
  • Median Rhomboid Glossitis with a Kissing Lesion in the Palate: A Rare Case Report.
    SMB Preeti Patil, Karthik J Kabbur, Ramnarayan B Krishnaprasad
    J Health Sci Res 10 (1), 28–29. , 2019
    2019

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Necrotizing sialometaplasia of palate: a case report
    S Krishna, BK Ramnarayan
    Imaging science in dentistry 41 (1), 35 , 2011
    2011
    Citations: 39
  • ABO blood grouping from hard and soft tissues of teeth by modified absorption-elution technique
    BK Ramnarayan, M Manjunath, AA Joshi
    Journal of forensic dental sciences 5 (1), 28-34 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 33
  • Management of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis: report of a case and literature review
    BK Ramnarayan, K Sowmya, J Rema
    Pediatric dentistry 33 (5), 431-436 , 2011
    2011
    Citations: 28
  • Morphological varieties of soft palate in normal individuals, cleft palate patients and obstructive sleep apnea patients with reference to Indian population: a preliminary …
    V Deepa, BK Ramnarayan
    World Journal of Dentistry 4 (4), 241-249 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 22
  • The therapeutic benefits of bee venom
    SKM Ram, N Jayapal, P Nanaiah, GS Aswal, BK Ramnarayan, SM Taher
    Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 3, 377-381 , 2014
    2014
    Citations: 17
  • Intraosseous ameloblastoma masquerading as exophytic growth: a case report
    CJ Sanjay, CM David, R Kaul, BK Ramnarayan, P Ramachandra
    Imaging science in dentistry 41 (2), 89-93 , 2011
    2011
    Citations: 13
  • Amalgam contact hypersensitivity lesion: An unusual presentation-report of a rare case
    BK Ramnarayan, PM Maligi, T Smitha, US Patil
    Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research 4 (Suppl 3), S320 , 2014
    2014
    Citations: 12
  • Salivary IgG assay to detect Helicobacter pylori infection in an Indian adult population
    RT Krishnaswamy, CM David, S Govindaiah, RB Krishnaprasad, ...
    Indian Journal of Dental Research 23 (5), 694-695 , 2012
    2012
    Citations: 10
  • Analysis of cytogenetic effects of radiation in dental personnel exposed to diagnostic X-rays
    Ameerunnisa, CM David, G Savitha, BK Ramnarayan, CJ Sanjay
    International Journal of Human Genetics 11 (4), 271-276 , 2011
    2011
    Citations: 10
  • Evaluation of precision of dimensional measurements of the mandible on panoramic radiographs: a digital radiographic study
    G Keerthi, CM David, BK Ramnarayan, CJ Sanjay, TK Ramya, P Dhir
    Int J Adv Health Sci 1 (11), 1-7 , 2015
    2015
    Citations: 5
  • Field cancerization of oral cavity–A case series with review of literature
    J Rema, PS Shilpa, A Balan, BK Ramnarayan, P Maligi
    Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology 27 (6 … , 2015
    2015
    Citations: 4
  • Conventional and digital radiographic methods in the detection of simulated external root resorptions: A comparative study
    CJ Sanjay, CM David, G Savitha, J Rema, BK Ramnarayan
    Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 21 (2), 67-71 , 2009
    2009
    Citations: 4
  • Dentigerous cyst associated with a maxillary permanent lateral incisor: Case report and literature review
    BK Ramnarayan, M Manjunath
    Journal Of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 20 (4), 141-145 , 2008
    2008
    Citations: 4
  • Artificial Intelligence–Driven Dentistry: A Systematic Review of Ethical and Legal Challenges
    R BK, AM Luke, V MA, KP Shetty
    International Journal of Dentistry 2026 (1), 1870800 , 2026
    2026
    Citations: 3
  • Revolutionizing dental restorations: Insights into computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing materials–A systematic review
    BK Ramnarayan, SM Nagral, P Nanaiah, KP Satelur, ...
    Dental Research Journal 22 (12), 52 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 3
  • Salivary detection of high-risk human papillomavirus 16 in oral squamous cell carcinoma using polymerase chain reaction in the South Indian population
    SL Krishnappa, CM David, BK Ramnarayan, A Kanaparthi, ...
    Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics 17 (4), 1017-1024 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 3
  • Peripheral adenomatoid odontogenic tumor of the anterior maxillary gingiva: a rare case report with CBCT findings
    BR Janavi, BK Ramnarayan, AM Manasa, MD Chaya, P Patil, P Chithra
    Int J Curr Res 9 (9), 46890-46895 , 2017
    2017
    Citations: 3
  • Recent advances in Chemotherapy for head and neck cancers
    PM Uma Sambargi, Ramnarayan BK
    Journal of Orofacial Sciences 4 (1), 15-19 , 2012
    2012
    Citations: 3
  • Drug induced neutropenia manifesting as oral ulcerations
    R Kaul, CM David, G Savitha, J Rema, BK Ramnarayan, CJ Sanjay, ...
    Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 21 (2), 72-75 , 2009
    2009
    Citations: 3
  • Oral squamous papilloma management with diode laser: a case report
    RM Jose, BK Ramnarayan, N Jayapal, CM David, P Nanaiah, VA Gowda
    Int J Contemp Med Res 6, E25-7 , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 2