Modelling of the Fate and Emission of Carbon Disulfide in a Full-Scale Extended Aeration Process Using TOXCHEM Simulations Waqed H. Hassan, Ahmed M. Faris, Hasan F. Alesary, Rifqa F. Thiab, Basim K. Nile, et al. Water and Environment Journal, 2026 Over the past few decades, odours caused by the emission of carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) have been a significant problem at wastewater treatment plants. The fate of CS 2 , in terms of fate and emissions, was investigated for the Muharram Aisha wastewater treatment plant's (MAWWTP's) extended aeration activated sludge system using the TOXCHEM model. Sensitivity analyses at various aeration levels and mix liquor suspended solid (MLSS) were investigated. The TOXCHEM model was calibrated for the spring and summer seasons and validated for the fall and winter. The results were tested using root mean square error (RMSE) and the correlation coefficient ( R ) and were found to be within the required limits. The findings indicated that emission and biodegradation were the main system activities. The results showed that in summer (32°C), biodegradation, absorption, emission and treated wastewater values were 33%, 2.6%, 64% and 0.45%, whereas in winter, they were 49%, 4.5%, 45% and 2%, respectively. Emissions from drying beds and aeration tanks represent hot spots and are not environmentally acceptable. Sensitivity analysis results indicated that increasing MLSS concentrations reduce emissions and increase the biological decomposition of carbon disulfide. Finally, the TOXCHEM model was able to accurately forecast the fate and emissions of CS 2 in the extended aeration system.
MOF-oxide Z-scheme ZnWO4@ NH2-UiO-66 for coupled visible-light CO2 Photoreduction and pharmaceutical pollutant degradation: RSM–CCD optimization, DFT calculations and … I Marouani, WH Hassan, DJ Jasim, N Almadani, HA El-Sabban, I Mahariq, ... Separation and Purification Technology, 137826 , 2026 2026 Citations: 3
Metal–metal interactions in trinuclear ruthenium-osmium clusters with bridging ligands: a QTAIM analysis NE Al-kirbasee, AH Hassan, ES Abood, WH Hassan, MAM Al-Ibadi Structural Chemistry 37 (2), 785-796 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Design of a Li-ion battery cooling system incorporating PCM, heat pipes, and liquid circuits using marine predator algorithm-enhanced ANN and multi-verse optimization NB Ali, B Louhichi, WH Hassan, A Alizadeh, AA Hussein, W Aich, ... Scientific Reports , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Fabrication of SiW9Co3–Bi4O5Br2 photocatalysts with improved charge separation for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution and metronidazole degradation: Characterization … R Batul, WH Hassan, DJ Jasim, PK Singh, SA Aldaghfag, M Ayadi, ... Journal of Water Process Engineering 83, 109471 , 2026 2026 Citations: 10
Data-driven optimization and 4E analysis of a novel LNG-integrated gas turbine-based system using ANN-GA hybrid approaches: Enhanced hydrogen production and CO2 capture for … M Boujelbene, WH Hassan, N Farouk, NF Soliman, I Marouani, ... Fuel 407, 137283 , 2026 2026 Citations: 6
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Structural, Electronic, Mechanical, Optical, and Thermophysical Properties of GaSr X 3 ( X = F, Cl, Br, I, and H): DFT … S Bouhmaidi, K Alhameedi, HA Abdulhussein, A Hosen, MB Uddin, ... Journal of Electronic Materials, 1-17 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Modelling of the Fate and Emission of Carbon Disulfide in a Full‐Scale Extended Aeration Process Using TOXCHEM Simulations WH Hassan, AM Faris, HF Alesary, RF Thiab, BK Nile, HK Ismail, S Barton Water and Environment Journal 40 (1), 65-75 , 2026 2026
Spatiotemporal dynamics and future projections of aridity in a semi-arid region based on multi-model CMIP6 scenarios HK Jalal, WH Hassan, BK Nile Theoretical and Applied Climatology 157 (1), 20 , 2026 2026
Design, transient simulation, and multi-objective optimization using artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms of a solar-assisted building energy system integrating … G Du, WH Hassan, NSS Singh, K Sharma, AA Hussein, W Aich, W Rajhi, ... Journal of Energy Storage 139, 118647 , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
Synergizing building-integrated photovoltaic with ground-air and water-air heat exchangers for solar-powered gym cooling NB Ali, R Khan, WH Hassan, SA Aminian, ZA Hussein, M Shaban, W Aich, ... Scientific Reports , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Machine learning-based exergy and environmental optimization of a photovoltaic–thermal-assisted CO2 ejector heat pump Z Ahmed, WH Hassan, A Alizadeh, AM Sadeq, AA Hussein, ... The European Physical Journal Plus 140 (12), 1217 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Enhanced reduction of polyethylene glycol concentrations in the effluent of a full-scale MBBR processes WH Hassan, BK Nile, HF Alesary, AM Faris, RF Thiab, HK Ismaile, ... Applied Water Science 15 (12), 317 , 2025 2025
Techno-economic and environmental evaluations of a solar thermal-assisted chiller facility in hot desert climates K Kriaa, WH Hassan, M Shaban, NSS Singh, ZA Hussein, H Rajab, ... Scientific Reports , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Synergies for sustainability: Renewable energy, urban planning, and green industry in carbon emission reduction S Ramalingam, WH Hassan, M Subramanian, DH Elkamchouchi, ... Sustainable Futures 10, 101222 , 2025 2025 Citations: 11
Calculation of diffusion coefficient of doxycycline and naproxen adsorption on HKUST-1/ZnO/SA nanocomposite Q Jie, WH Hassan, GF Naser, NSS Singh, AJH Al-Athari, B Abdullaeva, ... International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 168, 109451 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Effect of artificial recharge by pond on quality and quantity of groundwater aquifer in arid and semi-arid regions ZH Attea, WH Hassan, MH Alshammari Discover Applied Sciences 7 (11), 1249 , 2025 2025
Corrigendum to’Evaluation of Hybrid MoS₂-Ce₂Sn₂O₇/HfO₂ Nanostructures for Enhanced CO Evolution Rate and Efficient Tetracycline Degradation via Advanced Photocatalytic … T Guesmi, WH Hassan, SA Aldaghfag, MI Khan, A Abdulrahman, ... Surfaces and Interfaces, 107850 , 2025 2025
The QTAIM and ELF approaches to chemical bonding in chalcogen-bridging tetra-manganese carbonyl clusters:[E2Mn4 (CO) 12] 2−(E= S, se, Te) AH Hassan, NE Al-kirbasee, ES Abood, WH Hassan, MAM Al-Ibadi Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, 115528 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Evaluation of hybrid MoS 2 -Ce 2 Sn 2 O 7 /HfO 2 nanostructures for enhanced CO evolution rate and efficient tetracycline degradation via advanced photocatalytic … T Guesmi, WH Hassan, SA Aldaghfag, MI Khan, A Abdulrahman, ... SURFACES AND INTERFACES 74 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Optimization of the photocatalytic wastewater treatment process via a response surface methodology-central composite design strategy and CO₂ reduction using a novel Cs₃Bi₂I₉ … T Guesmi, WH Hassan, MI Khan, Z Algarni, SA Aldaghfag, B Madaminov, ... Journal of Water Process Engineering 78, 108686 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY INDEX (IWQI) FOR AL-DAMMAM CONFINED AQUIFER IN THE WEST AND SOUTHWEST OF KARBALA CITY, IRAQ RM KHALAF, WH HASSAN International Journal of Civil Engineering (IJCE) 2 (3), 21-34 , 2013 2013 Citations: 119
Climate change and predicting future temperature in Iraq using CanESM2 and HadCM3 modeling WH Hassan, BK Nile Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 7 (2), 737-748 , 2021 2021 Citations: 116
Climate change effect on storm drainage networks by storm water management model WH Hassan, BK Nile, BA Al-Masody Environmental Engineering Research 22 (4), 393-400 , 2017 2017 Citations: 85
The role of digital technologies in economic development IA Magomedov, HA Murzaev, AM Bagov IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 862 (5), 052071 , 2020 2020 Citations: 84
Evaluation of gene expression programming and artificial neural networks in PyTorch for the prediction of local scour depth around a bridge pier WH Hassan, HH Hussein, MH Alshammari, HK Jalal, SE Rasheed Results in Engineering 13, 100353 , 2022 2022 Citations: 82
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of local scour around circular bridge pier using Flow-3D software HK Jalal, WH Hassan IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 745 (1), 012150 , 2020 2020 Citations: 80
Modeling the impacts of climate change and flooding on sanitary sewage system using SWMM simulation: A case study MH Mohammed, HM Zwain, WH Hassan Results in Engineering 12, 100307 , 2021 2021 Citations: 75
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in UMM ER Radhuma Aquifer (Iraqi Western Desert) by Integration Between Irrigation Water Quality Index and GIS WH AL-Mussawi Journal of Babylon University/Engineering Sciences 22 (1), 201-217 , 2014 2014 Citations: 75
The effect of climate change on groundwater recharge in unconfined aquifers in the western desert of Iraq WH Hassan, HH Hussein, BK Nile Groundwater for Sustainable Development 16, 100700 , 2022 2022 Citations: 71
The effect of climate change on the maximum temperature in Southwest Iraq using HadCM3 and CanESM2 modelling WH Hassan, FS Hashim SN Applied Sciences 2 (9), 1494 , 2020 2020 Citations: 65
Effect of bridge pier shape on depth of scour HK Jalal, WH Hassan IOP conference series: materials science and engineering 671 (1), 012001 , 2020 2020 Citations: 64
An evaluation of flood mitigation using a storm water management model [SWMM] in a residential area in Kerbala, Iraq BK Nile, WH Hassan, BA Esmaeel IOP Conference series: materials science and engineering 433 (1), 012001 , 2018 2018 Citations: 61
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON RAINFALL INTENSITY AND EXPECTED FLOODING BY USING ANN AND SWMM PROGRAMS WH Hassan, BK Nile, GA Alshama Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 14 (5), 974-984 , 2019 2019 Citations: 58
Coordination engineering of transition metal doped in B2CN3 electrocatalyst to enhance efficient carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 44, 101951 WH Hassan, A Kumar, GS Prasad, B Juneja, MS Merza, AA Almehizia, ... 2025 Citations: 56
Application of a Genetic Algorithm for the Optimization of a Location and Inclination Angle of a Cut-off Wall for Anisotropic foundation under Hydraulic Structures WH Hassan Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 1-13 , 2018 2018 Citations: 54
Application of a genetic algorithm for the optimization of a cutoff wall under hydraulic structures WH Hassan Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research 5 (1), 22-30 , 2017 2017 Citations: 53
Optimum layout design of sewer networks by hybrid genetic algorithm WH Hassan, ZH Attea, SS Mohammed Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research 8 (2), 108-124 , 2020 2020 Citations: 50
Projections of precipitation and temperature in Southern Iraq using a LARS-WG Stochastic weather generator RM Khalaf, HH Hussein, WH Hassan, ZM Mohammed, BK Nile Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 128, 103224 , 2022 2022 Citations: 49
Climate change impact on groundwater recharge of Umm er Radhuma unconfined aquifer Western Desert, Iraq WH Hassan International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology 10 (4), 392-412 , 2020 2020 Citations: 49
Climate change projections of maximum temperatures for southwest Iraq using statistical downscaling WH Hassan Climate Research 83, 187-200 , 2021 2021 Citations: 48
