Dr. Budi Heru Santosa
@brin.go.id
National Research and Innovatuon Agency
EDUCATION
Doctor on Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Water Resource Management, Flood Risk Management, Environmental Science
FUTURE PROJECTS
Hydrological response due to watershed land use land cover change
The hydrological response to changes in Land Use Land Cover (LULC) requires a multidisciplinary approach. The process involves identifying current LULC using remote sensing and GIS technology. Machine learning and deep learning algorithms can be used to analyze large-scale datasets and predict future LULC scenarios. Satellite precipitation data is essential for understanding hydrological processes and their relationship with LULC changes. Climate change models are incorporated to assess the impact of changing climatic conditions on the hydrological system. Hydrological modeling simulates water movement, accounting for factors like infiltration, evaporation, and runoff. By integrating the simulated hydrological response with digital elevation models, researchers can identify flood-prone areas and make informed decisions for land-use planning and disaster management.
Applications Invited
Research collaborators
Flood risk mamagement in coaatal area due to land subsidence
Coastal areas face flood risks from land subsidence and rising sea levels. To manage these risks, monitoring land subsidence patterns is crucial. Satellite InSAR data provides detailed measurements of surface deformation, helping identify affected areas. Ground measurements validate satellite data accuracy. Predictive models based on historical data and machine learning techniques forecast future land subsidence rates and locations. Groundwater extraction contributes to subsidence, emphasizing the need for sustainable management practices. Geospatial analysis integrates subsidence data, sea level rise projections, flood maps, and vulnerability assessments. Machine learning algorithms identify high-risk areas and assess community resilience. Combining these insights improves early warning systems, land-use planning, infrastructure resilience, and adaptation measures. These efforts enhance safety, well-being, and sustainable development along the coast.
Applications Invited
Research collaborators
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Dwi Nowo Martono, Budi Heru Santosa, Dionysius Bryan Sencaki, Robby Arifandri, Andi Muhammad Yasser Hakim, Hari Prayogi, Apip, Laju Gandharum, Max Jacob Steinhausen, and Kai Schröter
Elsevier BV
Flooding is a critical environmental concern exacerbated by rising watershed flood susceptibility linked to population growth and land use changes. The complexities of flood risk management and stakeholder involvement throughout all phases present significant challenges. Despite the participation of multiple stakeholders, flood risk management efforts have yet to yield the intended outcomes. This study aims to propose a flood risk governance framework considering the interdependence among flood susceptibility, community flood resilience, and complex stakeholder roles. Using Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), the study conducted in-depth interviews with key representatives from five stakeholder groups: government, society, academia, business, and mass media. The analytic hierarchy process was employed to identify the most critical criteria for flood resilience based on an assessment of disaster management experts. The study found the importance of implementing collaborative governance as a flood risk management strategy through a forum that involves multiple stakeholders, including community nodes. Collaborative leaders can facilitate this process by addressing differences among forum members and fostering a shared sense of ownership, resulting in effective flood risk management strategies. The study proposed a novel socio-spatial flood risk governance framework emphasizing the spatial aspect of watershed flood susceptibility, the social aspect of community flood resilience, and the role of multi-stakeholders based on interdependence as its primary foundation. The study results will be helpful for local authorities in enhancing the effectiveness of flood risk governance and optimizing resource allocation.
Syarifah Aini Dalimunthe, Budi Heru Santosa, Gusti Ayu Ketut Surtiari, Abdul Fikri Angga Reksa, Ruki Ardiyanto, Sepanie Putiamini, Agustan Agustan, Takeo Ito, and Rachmadhi Purwana
MDPI AG
Land subsidence significantly threatens vulnerable coastal environments. This study aims to explore how Semarang’s government, local communities, and researchers address land subsidence and its role in exacerbating flood risk, against the backdrop of ongoing efforts within flood risk governance. Employing an integrated mixed-methods approach, the research combined quantitative geospatial analysis (InSAR and land cover change detection) with qualitative socio-political and governance analysis (interviews, FGDs, field observations). Findings show high subsidence rates in Semarang. Line of sight displacement measurements revealed a continuous downward trend from late 2014 to mid-2023, with rates varying from −8.8 to −10.1 cm/year in Karangroto and Sembungharjo. Built-up areas concurrently expanded from 21,512 hectares in 2017 to 23,755 hectares in 2023, largely displacing cropland and tree cover. Groundwater extraction was identified as the dominant driver, alongside urbanization and geological factors. A critical disconnect emerged: community views focused on flooding, often overlooking subsidence’s fundamental role as an exacerbating factor. The study concluded that multi-level collaboration, improved risk communication, and sustainable land management are critical for enhancing urban coastal resilience against dual threats of subsidence and flooding. These insights offer guidance for similar rapidly developing coastal cities.
Andi Muhammad Yasser Hakim, Budi Heru Santosa, Dwi Nowo Martono, Dionysius Bryan Sencaki, Hari Prayogi, Robby Arifandri, Apip Apip, Widya Ningrum, Kai Schröter, and Max Jacob Steinhausen
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Raldi Hendro Koestoer and Budi Heru Santosa
Springer Nature Switzerland
Abstract In Indonesia, the transdisciplinary approach commenced its implementation in assessing water flood susceptibility and community flood resilience. As an evolving paradigm, accumulating field experience is imperative to augment the insights of stakeholders engaged in flood risk management endeavours. This study explores implementing a transdisciplinary approach in flood risk management based on field practices in Indonesia. River basin flood susceptibility was assessed using a participatory geospatial method on land cover data from 2001 to 2021. Moreover, households and leaders were surveyed and interviewed to examine community flood resilience. The findings suggest that a transdisciplinary approach incorporating local knowledge and participatory research can enhance geospatial flood susceptibility analysis and modelling. This approach fosters local wisdom and understanding of flood risks, which can help build a more resilient and prepared population in these vulnerable areas. This study also revealed that a transdisciplinary approach can help stakeholders understand river basin flood susceptibility and improve various aspects of flood risk management, such as structural mitigation measures, social capital, risk perception, communication and information, and institutional collaboration, ultimately enhancing flood resilience. By implementing these strategies, planners and authorities can address flood risks and expedite the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 11 for inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities.
A M Y Hakim, B H Santosa, and R Purwana
IOP Publishing
Abstract Understanding the maximum percentage of urban area within an administrative region, such as Semarang City, necessitates an examination of spatial planning schemes, development regulations, and local government policies. Concurrently, cellular automata and Markov chain approaches can be used to predict how cities will grow in the future accurately. This study aims to define the urban growth boundary in Semarang City by integrating spatial planning approaches with predictive modeling techniques. The Cellular automata-Markov chain (CA-MC) method predicts future urban growth developments based on current land use patterns. This study seeks to delineate areas suitable for urban development using spatial data analysis and modeling while preserving critical ecological and agricultural zones. The findings of this research contribute to formulating informed policies aimed at achieving balanced urban expansion and environmental conservation in Semarang, thus fostering resilient and inclusive urban landscapes in the city.
Fajar Setiawan, Tyas Mutiara Basuki, Budi Heru Santosa, Irfan Budi Pramono, Galdita Aruba Chulafak, Aldiano Rahmadya, and Firda Maftukhakh Hilmya Nada
Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University
Monitoring total suspended solids (TSS) is essential as suspended sediments impact the environment and human health in various ways. However, TSS data are limited in many regions because the methods currently applied through in situ measurements are time-consuming and labor-intensive. The study aimed to develop algorithms to estimate TSS using data derived from UAVs and field measurements. Remote sensing technology, such as unmanaged aerial vehicle (UAV), was applied to obtain imagery data to estimate TSS content. These results were then compared with laboratory analysis of in-situ water samples, determined by gravimetric methods following standard protocols. The results showed that the algorithm developed using three-band ratios, the blue/green + red/green + NIR (near infra red)/green, produces a high R2 (0.70), indicating that this combination is reliable for use in estimating TSS content in a river section. The high accuracy of the red band for suspended sediment prediction is attributed to its spectral signature in turbid water, which shows higher reflectance compared to clean water. The results of this study have the potential to help river managers obtain TSS data quickly at a relatively low cost.
E G A Sapan, W D Susanti, B H Santosa, F A Wardhani, N Widiatmoko, M R Yuvhenmindo, I Ridwansyah, E Triwisesa, and A E Pravitasari
IOP Publishing
Abstract Flash floods are a type of disaster caused by extreme rainfall, steep topography, soil and geological features, and changes in land use. This study evaluates the potential impact of flash floods in the Ciguntur Sub-watershed, which is part of the Upper Citarum Watershed, using an integrated hydrological and hydraulic simulation approach as well as utilizing satellite precipitation data, rain gauge data, digital elevation model, watershed characteristics, and curve number grids. This study simulates hydrological flow using HEC-HMS and performs hydraulic analysis using HEC-RAS. The simulation results indicate that the March 20, 2023 rainfall event resulting in flow hydrographs with late-run satellite precipitation aligns more closely with the actual event. The HEC-RAS thorough RAS Mapper revealed a flash flood-impacted area along the main river. The study underscores the importance of collecting observed data to improve model accuracy and strengthen disaster mitigation while also emphasizing that analyzing debris load features can make future flash flood research more comprehensive.
Fitriany Amalia Wardhani, Elenora Gita Alamanda Sapan, Nicko Widiatmoko, Muhammad Ravi Yuvhendmindo, Budi Heru Santosa, Wiwiek Dwi Susanti, Andrea Emma Pravitasari, Endra Triwisesa, and Iwan Ridwansyah
Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika/Nicolaus Copernicus University
Flash floods are one of the most destructive natural disasters, characterized by rapid occurrence and high casualty rates due to a lack of preparedness. Mapping susceptibility areas to identify flash-flood-prone zones can be an effective tool for mitigation. Despite various flood susceptibility mapping methodologies, research on the most suitable statistical approach for Indonesia’s unique environmental context remains limited. This study aimed to compare the performance of three statistical methods, namely Shannon’s Entropy (SE), Statistical Index (SI) and Frequency Ratio (FR), in assessing flash flood susceptibility. Conducted in the Upper Citarum Watershed, Indonesia, this study used geospatial analysis using elevation, slope, curve number, lithology, soil movement, rainfall and morphometric parameters of the watershed to analyze flash flood susceptibility in the study area, with morphometric characteristics affecting hydrological processes such as surface runoff and soil erosion. The results indicate that the Statistical Index Flash Flood Susceptibility Map (SI FFSM) is the most effective model for representing flash flood susceptibility, achieving the highest AUC values for success rate (0.907) and prediction rate (0.933). According to the SI method, the three most influential parameters driving flash floods in the research area are elevation, landslides or soil movement, and rainfall. The total high and very high flash flood susceptibility area is 102.29 km2 or 46.95% of the study area. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of more-accurate and -practical tools for disaster risk assessment and management, both in Indonesia and other regions with similar environmental conditions.
Dionysius Bryan Sencaki, Mega Novetrishka Putri, Budi Heru Santosa, Siti Arfah, Robby Arifandri, Afifuddin, Muhammad Iqbal Habibie, Prabu Kresna Putra, Nico Anatoly, Zilda Dona Okta Permata,et al.
Elsevier BV
Budi Heru Santosa, Dwi Nowo Martono, Rachmadhi Purwana, Raldi Hendro Koestoer, and Wiwiek Dwi Susanti
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Anisah Anisah, Irwansyah Irwansyah, Agustan Agustan, Budi Heru Santosa, Oni B. Bintoro, Citra Hasna Paramita, Bambang Winarno, and Diana Emillia
AIP Publishing
B H Santosa
IOP Publishing
Abstract During a flood event, flood-affected households need adequate flood resilience. The efforts to increase household flood resilience require an adequate understanding of the factors affecting household flood resilience. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing household flood resilience in three flood-affected sub-districts in Tangerang City, Indonesia. The composite indicator method was applied to process data on economic, home environment, social capital, institutional, communication and information, and flood risk perception, using questionnaire data from 354 flood-affected households as respondents and in-depth interviews with local leaders. The results showed that the composite indicator method worked well for measuring the household flood resilience index (HFRI); in the Gembor sub-district, HFRI was 2.88; in Gebang Raya, it was 3.12; and in Periuk, it was 3.03. Analysis based on economic conditions, flood depth, period of residence, and flood risk perception also showed variations in HFRI, which could determine methods to increase household flood resilience. In conclusion, the composite indicator method is an adequate tool to measure flood resilience despite it being an abstract object. Furthermore, the local government can use the HFRI to develop planning efforts to increase household flood resilience based on influencing factors.
H Amrullah, K Amaru, I Ridwansyah, and B H Santosa
IOP Publishing
Abstract On January 19, 2021, a flash flood hit the Upper Ciliwung watershed, a mountainous area in Indonesia, causing damage to seven buildings and displacing 1,800 residents. To minimize the impact of such disasters, there is a need for disaster risk awareness and management specifically focused on flash floods in mountainous regions. Therefore, this study aims to assess the flash flood potential index value in the Upper Ciliwung watershed. The research utilized deterministic (Soil and Water Assessment Tool-SWAT) and parametric (Flash Flood Potential Index-FFPI) modeling to analyze various factors, including slope, geology, ground movement, Antecedent Precipitation Index (API), and Runoff Coefficient (Curve Number-CN). The models showed satisfactory goodness-of-fit statistics with R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies (NSE) values of 0.58 and 0.57, respectively. The findings indicated that 39.95% of the watershed had a moderate vulnerability index value of 3, while downstream areas (31.7%) had a low vulnerability index value of 2, and the middle and upstream regions had high vulnerability index values of 4 and 5, covering 23.65% and 2.49% of the total area. These results provide valuable insights to local authorities for implementing measures to reduce the Upper Ciliwung watershed’s vulnerability to flash floods.
Agustan Agustan, Takeo Ito, Rachmadhi Purwana, Ruki Ardiyanto, Budi Heru Santosa, and Heri Sadmono
IEEE
The initiatives of open data and open platforms, combined with on-demand data processing in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), enable more straightforward and accessible ground deformation research worldwide. The Alaska Satellite Facility Distributed Active Archive Center (ASF DAAC) provides high-quality interferogram combination pairs based on the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) technique and on-demand InSAR data analysis known as HyP3. HyP3 offers unwrapped phase data from Sentinel-1 satellites and other derived products that can be utilized with open-source deformation software such as Mintpy. This research aims to assess the quality of interferogram combination pairs by configuring networks of perpendicular and temporal baselines for observing ground deformation in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The study demonstrates that HyP3 products enable time series analysis to determine deformation rates. Over 8.4 years, from November 15th, 2014, to April 14th, 2023, the Simpang Lima landmark in Semarang experienced an approximate subsidence rate of -0.87 cm/year. However, the maximum subsidence rate of approximately 11 cm/year was observed in the southeastern part of Semarang.
E G A Sapan, B H Santosa, I Ridwansyah, M Fakhrudin, A E Pravitasari, R Novianti, F A Wardhani, S Abdiyani, N L Adhyani, and A M Setiawan
IOP Publishing
Abstract Flash floods are catastrophic phenomena known for their rapid and unpredictable occurrence. They frequently display precursory indicators, which, when comprehensively studied, serve as vital clues for effectively anticipating and preparing for these events, thus reducing their adverse effects. This study aimed to investigate the key trigger factors contributing to a flash flood event in the upper Ciliwung Watershed in January 2021. Data collection involved various parameters, including morphology, precipitation patterns, land use, hydrological characteristics, and soil conditions collected from the affected area. These data were subsequently analyzed using geospatial methods and enriched with information from local community members. The analysis found multiple contributing factors to flash floods, including high soil moisture content due to prolonged precipitation, geological characteristics, and steep topography. The local community recognized landslides, creating a natural dam about a month before the flash flood. Unfortunately, inadequate measures were taken to address the flood due to limited understanding and resources. The heavy rainfall before the flash flood put immense pressure on the natural dam, causing it to fail and carry debris downstream. The steep banks of the surrounding river worsened the situation. The study’s findings can provide valuable insights for local authorities, leading to better resource allocation.
Anisah Anisah, Budi Heru Santosa, and Dionysius Bryan Sencaki
IEEE
Flood Risk Management (FRM) is implemented by the government to cope with floods, with mitigation/prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery phases. The occurrence of urban flooding regularly indicates that the applied FRM has not functioned effectively. This study proposes using systems thinking in flood risk management since the interdependence between flood risk components and the programs in the FRM is complex. For this reason, systems thinking in the form of a causal loop diagram can be used to explore the interdependence between programs within the FRM framework and flood risk components. By identifying the pattern of interdependence between flood risk and FRM, FRM programs can be directed to achieve the final target, namely reducing flood risk in an area. Therefore, life in flood-prone areas can occur sustainably and harmoniously.
Budi Heru Santosa, Dwi Nowo Martono, Rachmadhi Purwana, and Raldi Hendro Koestoer
Insight Society
Awal Subandar, Budi Heru Santosa, Merry Effriana, Lena Sumargana, Nugroho, and Anisah Anisah
IEEE
Swasetyo Yulianto, Anisah Anisah, Agustan Agustan, Lena Sumargana, Yudi Anantasena, and Budi Heru Santosa
IEEE
Lena Sumargana, Swasetyo Yulianto, Bangun Muljo Sukojo, Heri Sadmono, Bambang Winarno, Widyo Pura Buana, Fauziah Alhasanah, and Budi Heru Santosa
IEEE
The Area Frame Sample for maize has been built to determine the random distribution of observation sites in all sub-districts in Indonesia. The principle and workings of the area frame sample for the rice crop were applied to the observation of maize plants. The difference is in the size of the segment being built, which is 100 x 100 meters in size and there are 4 units of observation points. The surveyor observes the maize growth stage with an application on the mobile phone then sends the results of the observations to a central server for processing. The growing phases and field conditions observed were Early Vegetative, Late Vegetative, Early Generative, Late Generative, Early Harvested, Young Harvested, Shilled Maize harvested, Land Preparation, no maize plant, non agriculture area and damage area or puso. This article describes the proposed Sampling Frame of Square Segment by Points for Maize Observation which carried out in Garut Regency, West Java, Indonesia.
Budi Heru Santosa and Raldi Hendro Koestoer
IEEE
Urban public green spaces (PGS), with their ecological, health support, and social functions needed by the community, would grow in terms of absolute number and spatial distributed populations. However, PGS's volume and spatial areas did not expand linearly to population growth; even in some cases, there has even been a decrease in volume and area for PGS. This paper examines PGS's planning process and management, which faces problems due to the population growth that requires more settlement areas and other socioeconomic facilities. The methodology applied was a comparative study in planning and managing PGS for two cases, Munich and the Yogyakarta municipal areas, which regionally have similar characteristics. The result shows that both regions tend to have proper governance for PGS. Also, both regions tend to have similar urban spatial structures associated with distributed growth centers of the polycentric system and address similar problems related to population growth. Despite the facts, both have differences in community perception of livable city function, especially for community cultural and social-relational aspects. In conclusion, this paper has highlighted that PGS's comprehensive planning is indispensable to achieve ecological, health support, and social functions to attain a livable city; therefore, a dynamic spatial model that considers variables: housing demand, urban spatial structure, urban growth form, and also community participation, could be a useful detecting tool to measure the level of development.