Paul E. Spector

EDUCATION

PhD, 1975 Industrial and Organizational Psychology, University of South Florida

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Human Resources, Organizational Behavior, Research Methodology

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Understaffing as a Two‐Dimensional Phenomenon: A Cross‐Sectional Study of Hospital Nurses' Manpower and Expertise Understaffing
S Pindek, MR Hayman, DJ Howard, ML Arvan, PE Spector
Journal of Advanced Nursing 2025



Shaping the future of industrial-organizational psychology: The transformative potential of research collaborations
NM Voss, SA Stoffregen, KL Couture, JA DiGirolamo, M Furman, S Haidar, ...
Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1-21 2025



Activism or science? Navigating the tension between objectivity and advocacy in DEI research
LM Steele, PE Spector
Industrial and Organizational Psychology 17 (4), 520-524 2024



Workload
PE Spector
Elgar Encyclopedia of Occupational Health Psychology, 224-226 2024



Tracking and Predicting Student Performance Across Different Semesters with Matched Action-State Orientation Surveys and Interventions
I Uysal, MB Ayanoglu, RS Elashmawy, R Islam, PE Spector, CS Ferekides
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition 2024



Defiance, Compliance, or Somewhere in Between: A Qualitative Study of How Employees Respond to Supervisors’ Unethical Requests
L Steele, PE Spector, T de Vreede, D Kong, J Wells
Human Performance 37 (1-2), 57-79 2024



Starting fresh: a mixed method study of follower job satisfaction, trust, and views of their leader’s behavior
PE Spector, DJ Howard, EM Eisenberg, JD Couris, JF Quinn
Frontiers in Psychology 15, 1349353 2024



The Effect of IS Engagement on Generative AI Adoption
T De Vreede, VK Singh, GJ De Vreede, P Spector
2024



Occupational stress in the global world
PE Spector
The Oxford Handbook of Cross-Cultural Organizational Behavior, 298 2024



Cross-cultural occupational health psychology: An updated review.
W Scott, CH Chang, PE Spector
American Psychological Association 2024



The dual nature of cyberloafing
PE Spector
Applied Psychology 73 (1), 502-505 2024



Travel nurse work experiences: A comparison of staff and travel nurses' burnout and job attitudes
PE Spector, S Pindek, MR Hayman, DJ Howard, ML Arvan
Nursing Management, 10.1097 2023



Assessing and Managing Mistreatment at Work
P Spector, A Nixon
The Routledge Companion to Mental Health at Work, 310-340 2023



Are biasing factors idiosyncratic to measures? A comparison of interpersonal conflict, organizational constraints, and workload
PE Spector, CE Gray, CC Rosen
Journal of Business and Psychology 38 (5), 983-1002 2023



Predicting Academic Performance for Pre/Post-Intervention on Action-State Orientation Surveys
I Uysal, PE Spector, CS Ferekides, MB Ayanoglu, R Elashmawy
2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition 2023



Clarifying the inconsistently observed curvilinear relationship between workload and employee attitudes and mental well-being
S Pindek, W Shen, CE Gray, PE Spector
Work & Stress 37 (2), 195-221 2023



How can organizational leaders help? Examining the effectiveness of leaders’ support during a crisis
CE Gray, PE Spector, JE Wells, SR Bianchi, C Ocana-Dominguez, ...
Journal of Business and Psychology 38 (1), 215-237 2023



From occupational fatigue to occupational health
PE Spector
Organizational Stress and Well-Being, 7-29 2023



Is open science rewarding A while hoping for B?
PE Spector
Industrial and Organizational Psychology 15 (4), 516-519 2022



Adding fuel to the fire: The exacerbating effects of calling intensity on the relationship between emotionally disturbing work and employee health.
SA Andel, S Pindek, PE Spector, RP Crowe, RE Cash, A Panchal
Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 27 (5), 488 2022

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes, and consequences
PE Spector
Sage publications 1997
Citations: 14030



The role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis
Y Cohen-Charash, PE Spector
Organizational behavior and human decision processes 86 (2), 278-321 2001
Citations: 6922



Method variance in organizational research: truth or urban legend?
PE Spector
Organizational research methods 9 (2), 221-232 2006
Citations: 4920



Summated rating scale construction: An introduction
PE Spector
Sage 1992
Citations: 4765



Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: Development of the Job Satisfaction Survey
PE Spector
American journal of community psychology 13 (6), 693 1985
Citations: 4654



Development of four self-report measures of job stressors and strain: interpersonal conflict at work scale, organizational constraints scale, quantitative workload inventory
PE Spector, SM Jex
Journal of occupational health psychology 3 (4), 356 1998
Citations: 3367



Industrial and organizational psychology: Research and practice
PE Spector
John Wiley & Sons 2021
Citations: 2837



Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) in response to job stressors and organizational justice: Some mediator and moderator tests for autonomy and emotions
S Fox, PE Spector, D Miles
Journal of vocational behavior 59 (3), 291-309 2001
Citations: 2530



Perceived control by employees: A meta-analysis of studies concerning autonomy and participation at work
PE Spector
Human relations 39 (11), 1005-1016 1986
Citations: 2516



The dimensionality of counterproductivity: Are all counterproductive behaviors created equal?
PE Spector, S Fox, LM Penney, K Bruursema, A Goh, S Kessler
Journal of vocational behavior 68 (3), 446-460 2006
Citations: 2320



An emotion-centered model of voluntary work behavior: Some parallels between counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior
PE Spector, S Fox
Human resource management review 12 (2), 269-292 2002
Citations: 2236



Behavior in organizations as a function of employee's locus of control.
PE Spector
Psychological bulletin 91 (3), 482 1982
Citations: 2063



Development of the work locus of control scale
PE Spector
Journal of occupational psychology 61 (4), 335-340 1988
Citations: 1933



Using self-report questionnaires in OB research: A comment on the use of a controversial method
PE Spector
Journal of organizational behavior, 385-392 1994
Citations: 1785



A model of work frustration–aggression
S Fox, PE Spector
Journal of organizational behavior 20 (6), 915-931 1999
Citations: 1769



Causes of employee turnover: A test of the Mobley, Griffeth, Hand, and Meglino model.
CE Michaels, PE Spector
Journal of applied psychology 67 (1), 53 1982
Citations: 1753



The Stressor-Emotion Model of Counterproductive Work Behavior.
PE Spector, S Fox
American Psychological Association 2005
Citations: 1685



Job stress, incivility, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB): The moderating role of negative affectivity
LM Penney, PE Spector
Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial 2005
Citations: 1567



Do not cross me: Optimizing the use of cross-sectional designs
PE Spector
Journal of business and psychology 34 (2), 125-137 2019
Citations: 1506



Method variance as an artifact in self-reported affect and perceptions at work: Myth or significant problem?
PE Spector
Journal of applied psychology 72 (3), 438 1987
Citations: 1476