Baba Awoye Issa
@unilorin.edu.ng
Professor, Faculty of Clinical Sciences
University of Ilorin Nigeria
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Pshychiatric Mental Health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Epidemiology
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Baba Awoye Issa, Ganiyu Toyin Olanrewaju, Alfred Bamiso Makanjuola, Peter Omoniyi Ajiboye, Olushola Abejide Adegunloye, Mosunmola Florence Tunde-Ayinmode, Roy Ndom, Oluwabunmi Idera Nimata Buhari, Abdullah Dasliva Yussuf, and Olatunji Alao Abiodun
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The prevalence of psychoactive substance use is increasing globally, and university students are not left behind. Self-report, using questionnaire has been the common method of assessing substance use amongst the students' population. This is, however, fraught with problems of poor reporting and intentional lie. Urine Drug Test (UDT) is a biochemical method that tests the recent use of substances either as a direct test of the psychoactive substance or its metabolite(s). This cross-sectional study aims to study the concordance between self-report and UDT amongst students' population. Two thousand five hundred and fifty students of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria completed a questionnaire based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for student substance-use surveys. Substances investigated in the survey were alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis, strong and mild stimulants, hypno-sedatives, cocaine, opiate, organic solvents, and hallucinogens. A subset of the total population, made of three hundred and two of the students were, subsequently, selected to participate in the urine drug test using a commercially available 12-items UDT kit. The reported lifetime and current prevalence of the substances were: tobacco, 11.5% and 3.7%; alcohol, 38.4% and 15.4%; cannabis, 9.0%and 3.8%; stimulants 32.5% and 15.8%; sedatives 11.7%, 4.8%, opioids 25.3% and 7.6%; cocaine was 4.7% and 1.6%; Hallucinogenic substances lifetime prevalence was 6.6% and a current prevalence of 1.4%. The lifetime prevalence for solvent use was 7.4% while current use was 1.6%. There was discordance between the outcome of the self-report and the result of UDT. Many respondents who tested positive for one substance or the other did not self-report ever using the substance. In conclusion, there is discordance between selfreport and results of the UDT. Many students who did not report ever use of psychoactive substances tested positive for substances. This study further emphasized the superiority of UDT over self-report for psychoactive substances among university students. We recommend that whenever suspicion of possible psychoactive substance use is made among university students, UDT should be the method of assessment. UDT is equally encouraged in school clinics and sports centres.
Mary Oluwatosin Adefalu, Mosunmola Florence Tunde-Ayinmode, Baba Awoye Issa, Adewole Adebola Adefalu, and Seleemat Ajoke Adepoju
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Introduction
Children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are living longer with the infection and are at risk of different complications. We assessed for the prevalence of and associated factors for psychiatric morbidity among HIV-infected children in a tertiary facility in Ilorin, Nigeria.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional, two-staged study involving 196 HIV-positive children (6-17 years). A semi-structured questionnaire and psychological instruments were used for the study.
Results
Thirty-eight (19.4%) children had psychiatric disorders: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and enuresis. Single parenthood, HIV clinical stages and complications were associated with psychiatric morbidity. Linear combination of the risk factors was not related to the psychiatric disorder. Bivariate correlation analysis showed the tendency to develop psychiatric disorder among the children was positively correlated with complications in the child and the person the child resides with.
Conclusions
Complicated HIV infection and adverse life events result in elevated risk of having psychiatric morbidity.
Folorunsho Tajudeen Nuhu, Edwin Ehi Eseigbe, Baba Awoye Issa, and Michael Omeiza Gomina
Pan African Medical Journal
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable psychotic disorder and high genetic loading is associated with early onset of the disease. The outcome of schizophrenia has also been linked with the age of onset as well as the presence of family history of the disease. Therefore families with patients with early onset Schizophrenia are subpopulations for genetic studies. We present 2 families with heavy genetic loading who have adolescents with schizophrenia.
Baba A. Issa, Abdullahi D. Yussuf, Olatunji A. Abiodun, and Ganiyu T. Olanrewaju
Royal College of Psychiatrists
A questionnaire was sent to all consenting doctors at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. It asked about their management of psychological problems in their clinical practice. Over 90% would welcome more time to talk to patients and agreed that psychological and social factors should be routinely assessed and recorded for patients. Most respondents would refer patients with depression or disturbed behaviours. ‘Ineffective treatment’ and ‘dislike of psychiatric referral’ were not the main reasons for non-referral. A majority of the doctors had initiated treatment for anxiety and insomnia but not for alcohol withdrawal, psychosis, acute confusional state or depression. Doctors' awareness of ‘the impact of psychological factors on the course of physical illness' was high. To sustain this high level of awareness and encourage referral, in-house psychoeducational training of hospital doctors should be intensified. In addition, an increased doctor/patient ratio, public education to reduce stigma and a well developed liaison psychiatric service are imperative.
IdayatA Durotoye, BabaA Issa, Abayomi Fadeyi, AbdullahD Yussuf, AlakijaK Salami, OlasunkanmiA Shittu, PeterO Ajiboye, HannahO Olawumi, OlusholaA Adegunloye, Charles Nwabuisi,et al.
Medknow
BACKGROUND
Mentally ill persons are vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections including hepatitis B and C because of their high level risky behaviors. This study is aimed at establishing the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C among the mentally ill individuals (MII) attending psychiatric clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Nigeria since it has not been documented.
METHODS
A total of 350 MII were recruited. HBsAg testing was by immunoassay test strip (Grand Medical Diagnostic R USA) while hepatitis C was tested by commercially prepared kits from ACON, R USA. Healthy adults who presented as donors in the blood bank of the hospital were used as controls.
RESULTS
A total of 700 participants including 350 MII and 350 blood donors (BDs) were recruited for the study. The mean ages of MII and control participants were 36.5 ± 12.3 and 31.4 ± 8.3, respectively.The sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C among patients with mental illness was 10.0 and 12.6%, respectively, as compared to 10.9% and 1.1% of the blood donors. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of HCV among mentally ill when compared with the blood donors (P = 0.001, χ2 = 33.97; OR (CI) =12.44 (5.33-29.03).
CONCLUSION
Mentally ill patients attending UITH were significantly infected with hepatitis C virus. There is need for interventional measures to reduce the prevalence of hepatitis C among the mentally ill population such as health education and early screening of mentally ill in our setting.
Baba Awoye Issa, Abdullah Dasliva Yussuf, Ganiyu Toyin Olanrewaju, and Olatunji Alao Abiodun
Pan African Medical Journal
Introduction Doctors are vulnerable to psychiatric morbidity as a result of their busy schedules and multiple role obligations. Yet, they often don't admit they have mental health problems nor are they readily subjected to mental health evaluation by their colleagues due to fear of labeling and general stigma. Methods A cross-sectional survey of doctors in the service of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria was done using a socio-demographic questionnaire and the twelve items General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) using a cut-off point of 3 to indicate possibility of psychiatric disorder (GHQ-12 positive). Non-parametric analysis and regression test of factors associated with psychiatric morbidity was done using SPSS. Level of significance was set at 0.05 p-value. Results Two hundred and forty one doctors representing 68.9% of the doctors participated in the survey. The point prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among the doctors using the GHQ-12 was 14.9%. Being married, non-participation in social activities and perception of work load as being “heavy” were significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among doctors at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital was higher than the general population prevalence. Measures to lessen the negative effect of marriage and the perceived heavy work load on mental health of doctors, such as provision of recreational facilities within the hospital and encouragement of doctors’ participation in social activities are advanced.
R.O. Shittu, B.A. Issa, G.T. Olanrewaju, A.O. Mahmoud, L.O. Odeigah, and A.G. Sule
Elsevier BV
Issa BA Olanrewaju GT
OMICS Publishing Group
Objectives: Non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy has serious consequences for prognosis and may lead to the development of resistant strains of the virus. This study determined the prevalence and effect of depressive disorders on Anti- Retroviral Therapy (ART) as well as factors responsible for non adherence in North Central Nigeria.
Methods: This was a hospital based, cross sectional, descriptive study of three hundred adult HIV/AIDS patients attending the HIV clinic of Kwara State specialist hospital, Sobi, Ilorin from 1st April to 30th June, 2013. Respondents were evaluated for various socio-demographic and clinical related variables. The PHQ-9 was administered to screen for depression. Those who scored one and more were assessed clinically for depression. The CAGE questionnaire was used to assess alcohol misuse. A modified version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale (ISMI) was used as a measure of self-stigma. Adherence was assessed using self-reporting method. Structured questionnaire was used to evaluate factors responsible for treatment adherence.
Results: One hundred and seventy (56.7%) satisfied the criteria for a depressive disorder using the PHQ-9 score. The adherence rate to antiretroviral therapy was 81%. This represented those who ingested 95% or more of their drugs in the one week preceding the interview. Adherence was higher among non-alcoholics than current or ex-alcoholics. Forgetfulness, 37.1% and stigmatization, 18.2% were the major reasons proffered for non compliance with ART. Stigma had profound effect on the adherence.
Conclusion: Depressive disorder in PLWHA is associated with poor adherence to antiretroviral medication. Early identification and treatment of depression in such patients may improve antiretroviral medication adherence and treatment outcomes.
Issa BA Olanrewaju GT
OMICS Publishing Group
Background: Depressive disorders are a significant public health issue. They are prevalent, disabling, and often chronic, with a high economic burden to the society. Although depression is common, determining its prevalence across studies and within different segments of the HIV population is not easy, given the variety of methodological issues that warrant consideration. This study estimates the prevalence of depressive disorders and its correlates. Objectives: The study sought to determine the prevalence of depression among adults, HIV/AIDS respondents, attending HIV/AIDS clinic in Kwara State specialist Hospital, Sobi, Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: This was a hospital based, cross sectional, descriptive study of three hundred adult HIV/AIDS patients attending the HIV clinic of Kwara State specialist hospital, Sobi, Ilorin from 1 st of March to 30 th July, 2013. Informed consent was obtained from the respondents. The PHQ-9 was administered to the respondents to screen for depression. A pre-tested PHQ-9 questionnaire was used to collect data. Subject who scored one and more were assessed clinically for depression. The severity of the depression was further classified as minimal, mild, moderate and severe. The three keys of social determinants of depression (SDS) were assessed and the association with depression sought. Results: One hundred and seventy (56.7%) satisfied the criteria for a depressive disorder using the PHQ-9 score. Depressive symptoms were strongly related to gender, below average year of schooling, poor economic status, low social cohesion, and stressful life events. Conclusion: Clinicians should assess HIV-infected subjects for depression, to ensure early detection and treatment. Failure to recognize depression may endanger both the subjects and others in the community. This result calls for improved public health education and awareness programme, to highlight the health impact of depressive symptoms among People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).
AD Yussuf, BA Issa, PO Ajiboye, and OIN Buhari
African Journals Online (AJOL)
OBJECTIVES
This study was prompted by the heightened concerns about the stress inherent in medical education evident from the incessant requests for suspension of studies due to psychological problems. The objectives of the study were to: (i) survey the students for possible psychological problems at admission, and follow them up till exit for possible changes in morbidity, and (ii) ascertain possible risk factors, and coping strategies.
METHOD
This is a preliminary 2-stage cross-sectional report, which is part of a longitudinal survey. It involves first year medical students of the College of Health Sciences of University of Ilorin between March and April, 2011. Questionnaires used included socio demographic, sources of stress, the general health questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Maslach's burnout inventory (MBI), and Brief COPE. Data were analysed using SPSS version 15 at 5% significance level. Chi-square, frequency distributions, Pearson's correlation, Odd ratios, and Confidence Intervals were calculated to determine the levels of risk.
RESULTS
79 students returned completed questionnaires. 12 (15.2%) were ghq-12 cases (i.e., scored ≥ 3). Students who had morbidity were 9 times at risk of being stressed consequent upon 'competing with their peers' and 4 times at risk due to 'inadequate learning materials'. Morbidity was significantly more likely to engender use of 'religion', 4 times less likely to engender use of 'positive reframing' with a trend in the use of 'self blame' as coping strategies.
CONCLUSION
Aside from psychosocial/personal issues in this cohort, academic demand was an additional source of psychological problems thereby causing those who had morbidity to utilize 'religion' and 'positive reframing' to cope. There is therefore an apparent need to incorporate the principle of mental health promotion in medical education.
Baba Awoye Issa and Abdullahi Dasliva Yussuf
Scientific Scholar
ABSTRACTCharles Bonnet syndrome occurs in visually impaired but cognitively normal individuals. This report describes a condition of vivid visual hallucination (phantom images) in an 85‑year‑old conscious man, who had been blind by bilateral progressively worsening glaucoma. This common, but rarely reported, condition was managed by behavioral approach of repeated blinking, intermittent eyes closure, and reassurance. While emotional, mood and cognitive disorders need to be ruled out, the condition, though frightening to the afflicted, is benign and remediable with simple, inexpensive approach. Health workers managing people with terminal blindness should always ask for the presence of hallucinations from their patients to forestall a preventable distress resulting from wrong perception without visual stimulus.
AA Ajape, BA Issa, O. I. N. Buhari, PO Adeoye, AL Babata, and OO Abiola
Medknow
We present a case report of a 22-year-old Nigerian student who presented to the accident and emergency unit of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital with a history of self-inflicted genital injury following a suicide attempt. He had background history of predisposition to depressive illness, a current diagnosis of a major depressive disorder, and had had two attempted suicidal episodes in the last 3 months prior to this event. The clinical finding shows a patient with sad affect, feeling of hopelessness, and worthlessness; however, the vital signs remained fairly stable. At examination under anesthesia, the testes were exposed and the right already self-castrated. The penis was degloved to the level of the Buck's fascia with intact corpora cavernosa and urethra. He had surgical excision of the hanging self-castrated right testis with debridement and primary closure of the genital laceration. He was promptly reviewed by the psychiatrists who co-managed appropriately.
BabaA Issa, AbdullahD Yussuf, Abdul WaheedO. Olatinwo, and Martin Ighodalo
Medknow
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE
This study aimed at estimating the prevalence and associated factors of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) among medical students in a University in the North-Central State of Nigeria. PMDD is the severest form of premenstrual symptoms and is associated with impairment of social and role functioning.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study of female medical students of the University of Ilorin College of Health Sciences (n=208), which involves completing a questionnaire to elicit socio-demographic and gynecological information as well as the GHQ-12 questionnaires. They were later interviewed with DSM-IV PMDD instrument.
RESULTS
Seventy-five (36.1%) of the respondents met the criteria for the diagnosis of PMDD. Sixty-five (%) of the PMDD cases reported having pain during menses among whom 14 (21.5%) reported mild, 32 (49.2%) moderate and 19 (29.2%) severe form of menstrual pain. Forty-two persons (20.2%) were categorized as having probable psychiatric morbidity using a cut-off of >or= 3 on GHQ 12. There was neither a causal relationship between psychiatric morbidity (>or= 3 score), and PMDD, nor any association between gynecological factors and PMDD. However, menstrual pain was significantly associated with PMDD (P=0.019).
CONCLUSION
The rate of PMDD in this study is high. Dysmenorrhoea of moderate/severe intensity correlated significantly with the possibility of having PMDD. Efforts should therefore be made to alleviate the pain associated with menses. In addition, the College's health-care providers should take into account the issues of dysmenorrhoea and its management more seriously by intensifying health education on dysmenorrhoea and PMDD in order to improve the quality of life of the students.
BA Issa
African Journals Online (AJOL)
With regard to delusional disorder-somatic subtype there may be a relationship with body dysmorphic disorder. There are reports that some delusional disorders can evolve to become schizophrenia. Similarly, the treatment of such disorders with antipsychotics has been documented. This report describes a case of delusional disorder - somatic type - preceding a psychotic episode and its successful treatment with an antipsychotic drug, thus contributing to what has been documented on the subject.
B. A. Issa, A. D. Yussuf, P. O. Ajiboye, and O. I. N. Buhari
Emerald
Studies have reported increased psychiatric morbidity among young detainees, with as many as three‐quarters reported to have one or more psychiatric disorders. Despite this, however, there is a dearth of published work among young inmates of prisons, remand homes or borstal institutions in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to assess possible psychiatric morbidity among young inmates of a borstal institution in Nigeria and to determine the factors that may be associated with this morbidity. Fifty‐three inmates of one of the two existing borstal institution in Nigeria were assessed for psychiatric morbidity using the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12). The GHQ‐12 scores were compared with the socio‐demographic factors of the respondents. Twenty‐eight (52.8%) of the inmates were over 18 years old, 35.8% were in the middle position within the family, 62.3% were of Christian faith, and 64.2% had their parents still living together. Seventeen (32.1%) of the inmates were from Hausa ethnic extraction, 58.5% stayed for more than 6 months at the borstal institution, and 81.1% were brought to the institution by their parents. The mean age of the inmates was 17.3 years (range, 14‐23 years) and 26 (49.1%) of them were GHQ‐positive. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean age of GHQ‐positive and GHQ‐negative inmates (F=1.73, p=0.19), and none of the socio‐demographic variables were significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity (i.e. GHQ‐12 positivity). The study observed a high prevalence of undetected psychiatric morbidity among inmates at the borstal institution. Efforts should be intensified by the authority responsible for managing the Nigerian prison services (including the borstal institutions) to improve mental health services.