Pharmacognostical Evaluation, Growth Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of Chasmanthera dependens Hochst. Kayode Muritala Salawu, Quadri Olayinka Balogun, Hikmat Opeyemi Sulaiman, Mary Funmi Ologe, Oluwatoyosi Olatoun Salawu Hayati Journal of Biosciences, 2025 The absence of pharmacognostic criteria and inadequate crude drug quality control yardsticks are the primary reasons for medicinal plant misidentification, therapeutic failure, and toxicity associated with herbal medicines. This study aims to identify the macroscopic and microscopic features, physicochemical properties, important chemical constituents, and antioxidant and growth inhibitory potential of Chasmanthera dependens, a species found in the rainforest of West Africa. A detailed pharmacognostic evaluation of C. dependens was carried out, including macroscopic and microscopic characterization, phytochemical screening, and physicochemical analysis. Antioxidant and growth-inhibitory bioassays were performed to assess its bioactivity. Chasmanthera dependens is characterized by a cylindrical, partly long, rough-surfaced twig with evergreen, cordate leaves. Its exudate is odorless but slightly sweet, with a bitter aftertaste. Microscopic analysis revealed covering trichomes on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, with an anomocytic type of stomata only on the abaxial surface. The chemical analysis showed the fruit is rich in phytoconstituents like alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids, as well as important micronutrients such as zinc, copper, cadmium, magnesium, manganese, protein, lipids, and fiber. The extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant and growth-inhibitory effects. This study provides the first detailed pharmacognostic features of C. dependens, contributing valuable data for its identification, quality control, and potential medicinal applications.
Isolation and Characterization of Cytotoxic Compounds from Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr. Stem Bark Kayode Muritala Salawu, Omonike Oluyemisi Ogbole, Oyindamola Oduola Abiodun, Yan Wang Anti Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 2024 Introduction: Globally, about 8.2 million cancer-related deaths are recorded annually. Sadly, most of the deaths result from the toxicity of most chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, there are growing demands for chemotherapeutic agents with high specificity and selectivity. This study was designed to assess the cytotoxic potential of Detarium microcarpum and isolate cytotoxic compounds with better selectivity profiles. Methods: Detarium microcarpum Stem bark (DMS) was collected and authenticated at the Forest Herbarium Ibadan (FHI), and a voucher (FHI-111954) was issued. Dried DMS was pulverized and extracted into 70% methanol. The extract was partitioned into hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions. The cytotoxicities of the extract, fractions, and isolated compounds were determined. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was tested against different cell lines, including human breast (AU565 and MDA MB231), oral adenosquamous (CAL27), and cervical (HeLa) cancer cells, as well as healthy (3T3) non-cancer cells. Results: Methyl gallate, eriodictyol, quercetin, quebrachitol, catechin, catechin gallate, and gallic acid, isolated from dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions, displayed weak cytotoxicity against breast (AU565 and MDAMD- 231) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. Interestingly, all the compounds, except gallic acid (48.91±4.51% inhibition), displayed potent cytotoxicity on oral cancer cells. Methyl gallate and quercetin displayed the highest activity, with IC50 values of 89.57±1.98μM and 78.19±1.49μM, respectively. Interestingly, all the compounds were not toxic to healthy non-cancer (3T3) cells. Conclusion: The compounds displayed anticancer activity specific to oral cancer cells and were highly selective for cancer cells without causing significant toxicity to healthy non-cancer cells.
A new sesquiterpene, prosoterpene, from Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub Raza Ali, Kayode Muritala Salawu, Muhammad Aamer, Humera Jahan, Priya Tufail, et al. Natural Product Research, 2023 A new sesquiterpene (Prosoterpene, 1) and eleven reported compounds (2-12) of several classes, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and long-chain alcohols, were isolated from the BuOH extract of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. Compounds 2-10 were reported for the first time from this plant. Isomers 11 and 12 were separated for the first time. Extensive spectroscopic techniques and literature comparisons were used to characterise their structures. Furthermore, compounds 3, 5-8, and 10-12 were performed for anti-glycation and cytotoxicity activities. Compound 3 (quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside) exhibited moderate anti-glycation activity. All tested compounds were non-cytotoxic against MCF-7 (breast cancer), NCI-H460 (lung cancer), Hela (cervical cancer), and BJ (normal human fibroblast) cell lines.
Phytochemical Characterizations of Maranthes polyandra (Benth.) Prance Nida Ali, Farooq-Ahmad Khan, Kayode Muritala Salawu, Rimsha Irshad, Almas Jabeen, et al. Molecules, 2022 Two new ursane-type triterpenoids, named Polyanside A (1) and B (2), along with eleven known compounds (3–13), were isolated and elucidated from Maranthes polyandra (Benth.) Prance. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on chemical evidence and multiple spectroscopic data. Isolated compounds were evaluated for anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory activities, and cytotoxicity on a normal human cell line (BJ). None of them showed activity and cytotoxicity. The hexane fraction was analyzed by GC-MS, resulting in the identification of forty-one compounds. This is the first comprehensive study on the phytochemistry of M. polyandra.
Alterations in histological, biochemical and hematological parameters in Plasmodium berghei NK-65 infected balb/c mice treated with Bridelia ferruginea stem bark extract Olalere Shittu, Olufunke Adenike Opeyemi, Muritala Kayode Salawu, Abeeb Adio Ashiru, Shadrach Ayodeji Medaiyese, et al. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 2021 Background Recent ethnomedicinal studies on Bridelia ferruginea Benth (family Phyllanthaceae) as an antiplasmodial remedy have established its potency as a strong prophylactic and chemosuppressive agent. Human consumption of medicinal herbs without adequate evaluation of its efficacy and safety can result in grave physiological and pathological consequences. Therefore, this study assessed the antiplasmodial bioactivity, biochemical, hematological, histopathological and toxicity profile of the ethanolic stem bark extract of B. ferruginea in mice. Methods Ethanolic stem bark extract of B. ferruginea (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) were orally administered to Plasmodium berghei -infected mice in models and were subsequently observed for mortality, behavioral changes and signs of toxicity. Acute evaluation was experimented at 1,000 mg/kg for 28 days. Occult blood obtained from the euthanized mice were subjected to biochemical and hematological assays. A comprehensive assessment of the histology of the liver and kidney was also ascertained. The median lethal dose (LD 50 ) was determined and extrapolated using the regression equation obtained from the plot of the probits of mortalities (y) and the log of doses (log 10 C). Results Different concentrations of the phytochemical secondary metabolites were revealed. Antiplasmodial bioactivity was established at the 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of the herbal extract with a dearth in parasitemia at different days post-treatment. The 800 mg/kg group responded by exhibiting a dose-dependent decrease in parasitemia comparable with the chloroquine bi-phosphate group. Significant alterations in the histology of the liver and kidney of the 1,000 mg/kg group was documented. There was a reduction in the titers of LDH, ALT, AST, and urea in the treated group when compared with the control (p < 0.05). Antioxidant profiles were also highly significant with elevation in SOD, GPx, and CAT, but a reduction in MDA. LD 50 was established at 424 mg/kg. Conclusion B. ferruginea Benth (family Phyllanthaceae) is a potent antiplasmodial, antioxidant, regenerative and ameliorative herbal remedy if administered in controlled dosage.
Clinical Probe of Cyp2C8*2 Mutants in a Malaria Hyperendemic Zone: Evidence from North-Central, Nigeria Olalere Shittu, Olufunke Adenike Opeyemi, Olumuyiwa Babagbemi Omotesho, Oluwatosin Fakayode, Nnaemeka Asogwa, et al. Acta Medica, 2020 Background: A tremendous level of success has been achieved since the introduction of chloroquine and the combination of amodiaquine and artemisinin for the treatment of both complicated and uncomplicated malaria infections in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the recent discovery of drug resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum (P.f.) and the ability of the parasite to ingest CYP2C8 into its digestive vacuole is of great public health concern. This study probes the occurrence of CYP2C8*2 allelic mutant amongst malaria patients in North-Central Nigeria. Methods: Three hundred and eighty five (385) unrelated study participants were screened for current malaria episodes using routine microscopy and/or rapid diagnostic test strips (RDTs). Chelex extraction method was used for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and identification of CYP2C8*2 (805A > T) variant respectively. Wild-type (A) and the defective allele (T) were differentiated with the use of Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results obtained were further validated with Sanger sequencing of a few samples and thereafter, the genotype data were statistically processed. All alleles obtained were in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Results: Out of the 385 participants (45.5% Male and 54.5% Female) genotyped for SNPs, 75 (19.5%) had the autosomal recessive mutant trait. Occurrence of mutant traits was gender and ethnic independent (p > 0.05). Yoruba ethnic group recorded a reduction in proportion of genotypic defective CYP2C8*2 allele (T) (1 in every 8 persons) with a carrier percentage of 13.3% compared with Hausa (26.62%); Igbo (25.37%) and other minority ethnic groups (17.6%). Conclusions: A remarkable inter-ethnic differences in autosomal recessive CYP2C8*2 allele was observed. By implication, there is a gradual incursion of genetic drift for poor CQ and AQ-Artemisinin metabolizers among the inhabitants.
Evaluation of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of leaf extract of Turraea vogelli Hook. f. ex. Benth Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019
Hepatoprotective, antioxidant and phytochemical properties of leaf extracts of Newbouldia laevies International Journal of Pharmtech Research, 2010
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FUNCTIONAL POTENTIAL OF PROSOPIS AFRICANA WHOLE FRUIT: INSIGHTS INTO ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIDIABETIC, AND IMMUNOMODULATING ACTIVITIES KM Salawu, BQ Olayinka, N Shehla, OO Salawu, M Aamer, Y Wang, ... FUDMA Journal of Sciences (FJS) 9 (11), 449-454 , 2025 2025
Flavonolignan Glycosides as PTR1 Inhibitors, Preparation Method and Application KMS Yan Wang, Humaira Zafar, Farooq Ahmad Khan Muhammad Amir, Muhammad ... CN Patent ZL202411247041.0 , 2025 2025
Phytochemical Profiling, Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Activities of Gum Extracts from the Stem Bark of Eucalyptus globulus MS Kayode, A Shittu, NN Stanislaus, S Olalere The Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy 59 (1), 238-228 , 2025 2025
Phytochemical Profiling, Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Activities of Gum Extracts from the Stem Bark of Eucalyptus globulus SO Kayode Muritala Salawu, Abiodun Shittu, Ngaitad Njinga Stanislaus Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy 59 (1), 228-238 , 2025 2025
Isolation and Characterization of Cytotoxic Compounds from Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr. Stem Bark KM Salawu, OO Ogbole, OO Abiodun, Y Wang Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry 24 (17) , 2024 2024
Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitory and Antigylcation Effects of Compounds Isolated from Detarium microcarpum Stem Bark. KM Salawu, AA Abdulrasheed, OM Aiyelero, EO Ajaiyeoba, ... Nigerian Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 32 (1) , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Phytochemical and Anticonvulsant Activity of the Ethanol Root Bark Extract of Mimosa pigra L. (Fabaceae) in Laboratory Animals M Aiyelero, O., Olatunde, K., Salawu, M., Eniayewu, O., Ojuade, F., Akinpelu ... Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 20 (1), 49-55 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
A new sesquiterpene, prosoterpene, from Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub R Ali, KM Salawu, M Aamer, H Jahan, P Tufail, R Irshad, FA Khan, ... Natural Product Research 37 (19), 3220-3227 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
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Epipremnum aureum (Linden and André) G. S. Bunting (Araceae): Free Radicals Scavenging, Cell Growth Inhibition and Cytotoxic effects on Rhabdomyosarcoma and Laryngeal Carcinoma … EO Salawu, KM., Ogbole, O.O., Abiodun, O.O., Mohammed, A., Abdullahi, A.A ... Pharmaceutical Journal of Kenya 27 (1), 26 , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF ANTHOCLEISTA DJALONENSIS (LOGANIACEAE) IN MICE OM Aiyelero, MA Salahudeen, KM Salawu, FI Ojuade, NS Njinga, ... Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. , 2023 2023
A new ent-clerodane diterpene from Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. and its protective potential for osteoporosis R Irshad, ASA Kabbashi, KM Salawu, YG Cao, A Fayaz, FA Khan, ... Fitoterapia 160, 105226 , 2022 2022 Citations: 2
Evaluation of heavy metal impurities in metformin tablet brands marketed in Ilorin, Nigeria OD Bamidelea, OI Eniayewua, AJ Adegbolab, KM Salawuc, NS Njingaa, ... Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin , 2022 2022
Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activities of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Roots of Adenodolichos paniculatus against selected Pathogenic Microorganisms NS Njinga, BA Lawal, SM David, IO Eniayewu, N Bello, AO Shittu, ... Pharmaceutical Society of Kenya , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Ethnobotanical survey, phytochemical screening, growth inhibitory effects and cytotoxicity evaluation of medicinal plants used for cancer management in ilorin metropolis, Nigeria K Salawu, O Ogbole, O Abiodun, E Ajaiyeoba Arch. Basic Appl. Med 9 (2), 168-175 , 2021 2021 Citations: 4
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Antioxidant, Brine Shrimp Lethality, and Antiproliferative Properties of Gel and Leaf Extracts of Aloe schweinfurthii and Aloe vera KM Salawu, EO Ajaiyeoba, OO Ogbole, JA Adeniji, TC Faleye, A Agunu Journal of herbs, spices & medicinal plants 23 (4), 263-271 , 2017 2017 Citations: 36
Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies of crude ethanolic extract and flavonoid fraction of Carissa edulis leaves H Ibrahim, FE Williams, KM Salawu, AM Usman Biokemistri 27 (1), 39-43 , 2015 2015 Citations: 16
Assessment of Antiviral Activity of Curcuma longa on Two RNA Viruses KMS Juliet A. Shenge, Robert K Obi Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 34 (1), 3915-3928 , 2021 2021 Citations: 13
Safety and toxicity of aqueous leaf extracts of Camellia sinensis, Parquetina nigrescens and Telfairia occidentalis in mice OL Olayinka, EAG Khalil, A Majeed, O OA, A OO, N AB African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 12 (18), 208-220 , 2018 2018 Citations: 12
Phytochemical and anti-inflammatory studies of ethanol extract of Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr.(Combretaceae) stem bark in rats and mice S Usman, A Agunu, S Atunwa, S Hassan, A Sowemimo, K Salawu Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 13 (2), 147-156 , 2017 2017 Citations: 11
Phytochemical, antioxidant, brine shrimp lethality and antiproliferative analyses of Solanum dasyphyllum schum. & thonn. leaf and fruit extracts [Solanaceae] OA Sodeinde, KM Salawu, OO Ogbole, EO Ajaiyeoba Savannah Veterinary Journal 2 (2), 13-17 , 2019 2019 Citations: 10
Radical scavenging and cytotoxicity evaluation of eight extracts of Citrus limon and Citrus aurantifolia EO Ajaiyeoba, KM Salawu, OO Ogbole, JA Adeniji Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine 20 (1), 121-127 , 2016 2016 Citations: 10
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of catechin-3-o-rhamnoside isolated from the stem bark of Lannea kerstingii Engl. and K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) NN Stanislaus, SM Ibrahim, PU Usman, HH Sa’adiya, MM Garba, ... Pak. J. Pharm. Sci 34 (2), 629-634 , 2021 2021 Citations: 8
cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative studies of Crinum jagus L.(Amaryllidaceae) bulb extract KM Salawu, SA Atunwa, IO ENIAYEWU BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GOMBE 4 (01), 131-140 , 2020 2020 Citations: 8
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ASPERGILLUS TAMARII (TRICHOMACEAE) OO Ogbole, BC Adebayo-Tayo, KM Salawu, VC Okoli Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 16 (1), 41-48 , 2017 2017 Citations: 8
Response surface methodology assessment of osmotic pre-drying and convective dehydration processes on the anti-oxidant property of Hausa variety of tomato OI OBAJEMIHI, JO OLAOYE, MS SANUSI, TD AKPENPUUN, ... Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology 11 (2) , 2019 2019 Citations: 6
A new sesquiterpene, prosoterpene, from Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub R Ali, KM Salawu, M Aamer, H Jahan, P Tufail, R Irshad, FA Khan, ... Natural Product Research 37 (19), 3220-3227 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Ethnobotanical survey, phytochemical screening, growth inhibitory effects and cytotoxicity evaluation of medicinal plants used for cancer management in ilorin metropolis, Nigeria K Salawu, O Ogbole, O Abiodun, E Ajaiyeoba Arch. Basic Appl. Med 9 (2), 168-175 , 2021 2021 Citations: 4
Evaluation of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of leaf extract of Turraea vogelli Hook. f. ex. Benth. RO Ayanniyi, FI Ojuade, H Olumoh-Abdul, KM Salawu, H Olufadi-Ahmed, ... Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 32 , 2019 2019 Citations: 4
Phytochemical and Anticonvulsant Activity of the Ethanol Root Bark Extract of Mimosa pigra L. (Fabaceae) in Laboratory Animals M Aiyelero, O., Olatunde, K., Salawu, M., Eniayewu, O., Ojuade, F., Akinpelu ... Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 20 (1), 49-55 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. Stem Bark Extract AAORHB K.M. Salawu Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science 29 (1), 49-54 , 2021 2021 Citations: 3
Antibacterial screening and isolation of compounds from Detarium microcarpum stem bark against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus KM Salawu, Y Wang, R Maharjan, EO Ajaiyeoba Journal of Science and Practice of Pharmacy 7 (1), 400-405 , 2020 2020 Citations: 3
PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT, CYTOTOXICITY, ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF SECURINEGA VIROSA AERIAL PARTS EXTRACT. KM Salawu, AA Oyerinde, EO Ajaiyeoba Journal of Pharmaceutical & Allied Sciences 17 (3) , 2020 2020 Citations: 3