Mohd Faizal Bin Ali Akhbar

@umt.edu.my

Senior Lecturer in Department of Naval Architecture and Maritime Technology, Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Informatics (FTKKI)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu



           

https://researchid.co/mfaizalaa

RESEARCH INTERESTS

My research is mainly in biomedical engineering and mechanical engineering, specifically in thermal osteonecrosis in bone drilling. Furthermore, I also have experience in nanofluid, metal machining, CNC machining, and CADCAMCAE research.

16

Scopus Publications

Scopus Publications

  • Optimization of Drill Bit Geometries for Minimum Thermal Damage in Bone Drilling
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Mohamad Faris Mohd Ashri, Ahmad Razlan Yusoff, Shahrizan Jamaludin, Rodianah Alias, Fatin Alias, Razhan Hassan, and Muhammad Rizwan
    Akademia Baru Publishing
    Thermal injury is a common post-operative effect in bone drilling surgeries. The extreme heat generated during the drilling process kills bone cells, which causes irreversible bone death. This bone death loosens medical fixations—screws, plates, and implants—and subsequently refractures the bone. Research on drill bit geometries in bone drilling has attracted interest from engineering and medical researchers. However, previous research has mainly focused on the simulation of bone drilling, which could generate an incorrect approximation of thermal bone damage if the simulation model is not validated. For this reason, this study focuses on the optimization and parametric analysis of the bone temperature elevations induced by customized drill bit features—point angle (60-180°), web thickness (25-50 %), and helix angle (10-55°)—in comprehensive ex-vivo bone (bovine) experimental drilling tests. The L9 Taguchi optimization method was then applied to determine the optimal design to minimize maximum bone temperature rise. Results from the parametric analysis revealed that the optimal setup for the drill point features can be obtained with the ranges of point angle of 160-180°, web thickness of 25-30 %, and helix angle of 30-40°. Based on the Taguchi optimization results, the minimum thermal damage is produced with the point angle of 180°, web thickness of 25 %, and helix angle of 35°. This work offers a promising solution for reducing thermal injury and preventing thermal osteonecrosis in bone drilling surgeries.

  • Drilling of Bone: Effect of Drill Bit Clearance on Thermal Damage
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Shahrizan Jamaludin, Razhan Hassan, and Akmal Wani Sulong
    Springer Nature Switzerland

  • Computer Vision and Image Processing Approaches for Corrosion Detection
    Ahmad Ali Imran Mohd Ali, Shahrizan Jamaludin, Md Mahadi Hasan Imran, Ahmad Faisal Mohamad Ayob, Sayyid Zainal Abidin Syed Ahmad, Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Mohammed Ismail Russtam Suhrab, and Mohamad Riduan Ramli
    MDPI AG
    Corrosion is an undesirable phenomenon resulting in material deterioration and degradation through electrochemical or chemical reactions with the surrounding environment. Additionally, corrosion presents considerable threats in both the short and long term because of its ability to create failures, leakages, and damage to materials, equipment, and environment. Despite swift technological developments, it remains difficult to determine the degrees of corrosion due to the different textures and the edgeless boundary of corrosion surfaces. Hence, there is a need to investigate the robust corrosion detection algorithms that are suitable for all degrees of corrosion. Recently, many computer vision and image processing algorithms have been developed for corrosion prediction, assessment, and detection, such as filtering, texture, color, pixelation, image enhancement, wavelet transformation, segmentation, classification, and clustering approaches. As a result, this paper reviews and discusses the state-of-the-art computer vision and image processing methods that have been developed for corrosion detection in various applications, industries, and academic research. The challenges for corrosion detection using computer vision and image processing algorithms are also explored. Finally, recommendations for future research are also detailed.


  • Application of Artificial Intelligence in Marine Corrosion Prediction and Detection
    Md Mahadi Hasan Imran, Shahrizan Jamaludin, Ahmad Faisal Mohamad Ayob, Ahmad Ali Imran Mohd Ali, Sayyid Zainal Abidin Syed Ahmad, Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Mohammed Ismail Russtam Suhrab, Nasharuddin Zainal, Syamimi Mohd Norzeli, and Saiful Bahri Mohamed
    MDPI AG
    One of the biggest problems the maritime industry is currently experiencing is corrosion, resulting in short and long-term damages. Early prediction and proper corrosion monitoring can reduce economic losses. Traditional approaches used in corrosion prediction and detection are time-consuming and challenging to execute in inaccessible areas. Due to these reasons, artificial intelligence-based algorithms have become the most popular tools for researchers. This study discusses state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) methods for marine-related corrosion prediction and detection: (1) predictive maintenance approaches and (2) computer vision and image processing approaches. Furthermore, a brief description of AI is described. The outcomes of this review will bring forward new knowledge about AI and the development of prediction models which can avoid unexpected failures during corrosion detection and maintenance. Moreover, it will expand the understanding of computer vision and image processing approaches for accurately detecting corrosion in images and videos.

  • Characterization methods and characterization of the coatings
    Rodianah Alias, Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Yousef Alshammari, Humair Ahmed Siddiqui, Muhammad Rizwan, Mohd Hamdi, and Masahiro Todoh
    Elsevier

  • Efficient, accurate and fast pupil segmentation for pupillary boundary in iris recognition
    Shahrizan Jamaludin, Ahmad Faisal Mohamad Ayob, Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Ahmad Ali Imran Mohd Ali, Md Mahadi Hasan Imran, Syamimi Mohd Norzeli, and Saiful Bahri Mohamed
    Elsevier BV

  • Surgical Drill Bit Design and Thermomechanical Damage in Bone Drilling: A Review
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar and Akmal Wani Sulong
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC


  • Drilling of bone: Thermal osteonecrosis regions induced by drilling parameters
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar and Ahmad Razlan Yusoff
    IOP Publishing
    In bone-drilling research, thermal osteonecrosis regions have only begun to be investigated. This study evaluates the thermal osteonecrosis regions and bone temperature elevations induced by drilling parameters in drilling of human cortical bone. The finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the drilling simulation. The simulation results were then validated with the experimental bone-drilling test. A new method called dimensionless weightage was proposed to evaluate the parameters that generate minimum thermal injury in bone-drilling. The FEM results displayed the thermal injury in the bone as a function of osteonecrosis diameter (OD), osteonecrosis depth (OH) and maximum bone temperature elevation (Tmax). These results allow precise evaluation of bone-drilling parameters’ influences on thermal damage. Results revealed that with the recommended parameter ranges, Tmax, OD, and OH could be reduced up to 110.0 °C, 9.96 mm and 4.56 mm, respectively. This work represents a step toward the optimization of bone-drilling parameters, which can provide an accurate approximation of thermal damage in bone-drilling compared with previous research. Moreover, this work contributes valuable insights for engineers and clinicians to identify the favorable ranges of bone-drilling parameters in bone surgeries.


  • Drilling of bone: Effect of drill bit geometries on thermal osteonecrosis risk regions
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar and Ahmad Razlan Yusoff
    SAGE Publications
    Bone-drilling operation necessitates an accurate and efficient surgical drill bit to minimize thermal damage to the bone. This article provides a methodology for predicting the bone temperature elevation during surgical bone drilling and to gain a better understanding on the influences of the point angle, helix angle and web thickness of the drill bit. The proposed approach utilized the normalized Cockroft–Latham damage criterion to predict material cracking in the drilling process. Drilling simulation software DEFORM-3D is used to approximate the bone temperature elevation corresponding to different drill bit geometries. To validate the simulation results, bone temperature elevations were evaluated by comparison with ex vivo bone-drilling process using bovine femurs. The computational results fit well with the ex vivo experiments with respect to different drill geometries. All the investigated drill bit geometries significantly affect bone temperature rise. It is discovered that the thermal osteonecrosis risk regions could be reduced with a point angle of 110° to 140°, a helix angle of 5° to 30° and a web thickness of 5% to 40%. The drilling simulation could accurately estimate the maximum bone temperature elevation for various surgical drill bit point angles, web thickness and helix angles. Looking into the future, this work will lead to the research and redesign of the optimum surgical drill bit to minimize thermal insult during bone-drilling surgeries.

  • Comparison of bone temperature elevation in drilling of human, bovine and porcine bone
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar and Ahmad Razlan Yusoff
    Elsevier BV

  • Effects of drilling parameters in numerical simulation to the bone temperature elevation
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Mukhtar Malik, and Ahmad Razlan Yusoff
    Author(s)
    Drilling into the bone can produce significant amount of heat which can cause bone necrosis. Understanding the drilling parameters influence to the heat generation is necessary to prevent thermal necrosis to the bone. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of drilling parameters on bone temperature elevation. Drilling simulations of various combinations of drill bit diameter, rotational speed and feed rate were performed using finite element software DEFORM-3D. Full-factorial design of experiments (DOE) and two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were utilised to examine the effect of drilling parameters and their interaction influence on the bone temperature. The maximum bone temperature elevation of 58% was demonstrated within the range in this study. Feed rate was found to be the main parameter to influence the bone temperature elevation during the drilling process followed by drill diameter and rotational speed. The interaction between drill bit diameter and feed rate was found to be significantly influence the bone temperature. It is discovered that the use of low rotational speed, small drill bit diameter and high feed rate are able to minimize the elevation of bone temperature for safer surgical operations.Drilling into the bone can produce significant amount of heat which can cause bone necrosis. Understanding the drilling parameters influence to the heat generation is necessary to prevent thermal necrosis to the bone. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of drilling parameters on bone temperature elevation. Drilling simulations of various combinations of drill bit diameter, rotational speed and feed rate were performed using finite element software DEFORM-3D. Full-factorial design of experiments (DOE) and two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were utilised to examine the effect of drilling parameters and their interaction influence on the bone temperature. The maximum bone temperature elevation of 58% was demonstrated within the range in this study. Feed rate was found to be the main parameter to influence the bone temperature elevation during the drilling process followed by drill diameter and rotational speed. The interaction between drill bit diameter and feed rate was found to be signi...

  • Optimization of drilling parameters for thermal bone necrosis prevention
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar and Ahmad Razlan Yusoff
    IOS Press
    BACKGROUND Bone drilling is a mandatory process in orthopedic surgery to fix the fractured bones. Excessive heat is generated due to the shear deformation of bone and friction energy during the drilling process. OBJECTIVE This paper is carried out to optimize the bone drilling parameters to prevent thermal bone necrosis. The main contribution of this work is instead of only consider the influence of rotational speed and feed rate, the effect of tool diameter and drilling hole depth are also incorporated for optimization study. METHODS Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to develop a temperature prediction model. Drilling experiments were performed using finite element software DEFORM-3D. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to investigate the drilling parameters' effect. Desirability function in RSM was used to determine the optimum combination of drilling parameters. RESULTS Results indicated that one applicable combination of drilling parameters could increase the bone temperature by less than 0.03%. To avoid thermal bone necrosis, eight reasonable combinations of drilling parameters were proposed. 3.3∘C residuals between in-vitro experiments and predicted values were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS It is envisaged that finite element simulation with RSM can simplify tedious experimental works and useful in the clinical application to avoid bone necrosis.

  • Experimental study on thermal performance of MWCNT nanocoolant in Perodua Kelisa 1000cc radiator system
    Beriache M'hamed, Nor Azwadi Che Sidik, Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Rizalman Mamat, and G. Najafi
    Elsevier BV