Mohd Faizal Bin Ali Akhbar

@umt.edu.my

Senior Lecturer in Department of Naval Architecture and Maritime Technology, Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Informatics (FTKKI)
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

Mohd Faizal Bin Ali Akhbar


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https://researchid.co/mfaizalaa

RESEARCH INTERESTS

My research is mainly in biomedical engineering and mechanical engineering, specifically in thermal osteonecrosis in bone drilling. Furthermore, I also have experience in nanofluid, metal machining, CNC machining, and CADCAMCAE research.
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Scopus Publications

Scopus Publications

  • Thermal performance of modified surgical drill margins during bone drilling: An experimental, numerical, and optimization case study
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Shahrizan Jamaludin, Suriani Mat Jusoh, Fatin Alias, Mohd Azlan Musa, Rodianah Alias
    Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 2026
    Excessive heat generation during bone drilling causes thermal osteonecrosis, posing a significant risk in orthopedic and dental procedures. While various aspects of drill design have been studied, the specific influence of margin geometry remains underexplored in the context of thermal engineering. This study integrates drilling simulation, experimental validation, and statistical optimization to evaluate the thermal impact of drill margin width ( M w ) and height ( M h ) during cortical bone drilling. A validated thermo-mechanical model was developed using commercial software DEFORM-3D. The simulation results were validated with experimental bone drilling with small temperature prediction errors (2.4% and 8.0%). Key thermal metrics (maximum temperature ( T max ), osteonecrosis diameter (OD), and osteonecrosis depth (OH)) were optimized using a central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability-based multi-objective optimization. Results revealed that M w had the most significant second-order influence on T max (47.2%), while M h dominated OD (41.1%) and OH (47.8%). The optimal drill margins ( M h = 0.05 mm and M w = 0.22 mm), which achieved a desirability score of 0.985, could reduce T max by up to 44.8°C, which is below the osteonecrosis threshold. This work highlights drill margins as a critical yet previously underutilized design variable, offering an alternative pathway for the thermally optimized development of surgical tools and next-generation robotic-assisted drilling systems.
  • THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT STIFFNESS ON VORTEX-INDUCED VIBRATION ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM
    Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2026
  • Optimization of Surgical Drill Margin Dimension to Reduce Bone Temperature
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Shahrizan Jamaludin, Rodianah Alias
    Key Engineering Materials, 2026
    Excessive heat generation during bone drilling is a leading cause of thermal osteonecrosis—a serious risk in medical departments. Despite extensive drill design research, the influence of margin geometry remains underexplored. This study presents finite element modeling and statistical optimization to evaluate and optimize drill margin geometry—specifically margin width ( Mw ) and height ( Mh )—to reduce bone temperature rise during surgery. A thermo-mechanical finite element model was developed in DEFORM-3D to simulate cortical bone drilling using drill bits with varied margin dimensions. The models were validated experimentally using bovine cortical bone, with an average temperature prediction errors of 2.4–8.0%. The maximum bone temperature ( T max ) was selected as the objective function. A central composite design (CCD) was applied to generate experimental runs, followed by response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability-based optimization. The second-order effect of Mw contributed 47.2% to T max . The optimal Mh (0.05 mm) and Mw (0.22 mm)—with a desirability value of 0.985—could reduce T max below the osteonecrosis level with only a 44.8 °C temperature rise. This study demonstrates a novel computational approach for optimizing surgical drill margins—a previously underutilized parameter. The findings may support future developments in drill bit customization and robotic surgery systems to minimize thermal injury to bone cells.
  • A review on Ag-Ta2O5 Bio-interfaces: Multifunctional coatings for antibacterial and biocompatible surgical tools
    Mohd Amirul, Rodianah Alias, Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Muhammad Rizwan, Afifah Juri
    Technology and Health Care, 2026
    Background Conventional surgical instruments made from Stainless steel (SS), Titanium (Ti), and Tantalum (Ta) are widely utilized because of their excellent corrosion resistance and strength-to-weight ratio. However, these materials lack antibacterial properties, which could increase the risk of surgical site infections. Recent advancements in antimicrobial and biocompatible coatings, particularly Ag-Ta 2 O 5 (Silver-Tantalum Pentoxide), present better solutions for new surgical instrument design. Despite numerous studies published on this topic, a comprehensive review specifically addressing Ag-Ta 2 O 5 coatings remains absent, resulting in fragmented information across the literature. Systematizing this information and consolidating the developments in this field are beneficial, and this is the motivation behind this review. Objective For these reasons, this review examines the development and applications of these advanced coatings, with a focus on their antimicrobial and biocompatible properties. Methods We critically examine the technological challenges, innovative coating methodologies, and the comparative advantages of Ag-Ta 2 O 5 over traditional and hybrid coatings. Results Furthermore, this review identifies future research directions and proposes strategic collaborations among clinicians, engineers, policymakers, and materials scientists to expedite the clinical adoption of these coatings. Conclusion It is envisioned that this review paper will serve as a valuable source of information for engineers, researchers, and clinicians to stay current with the latest developments in this area and for new researchers to initiate their exploration of coating technology.
  • Accurate Corrosion Detection and Segmentation on Ship Hull with Pixel Property Method
    Md Meherullah Meherullah, Ahmad Ali Imran Mohd Ali, Shahrizan Jamaludin, Md Mahadi Hasan Imran, Ahmad Faisal Mohamad Ayob, Sayyid Zainal Abidin Syed Ahmad, Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Mohamad Riduan Ramli, Saiful Bahri Hasan Basri, Farhana Arzu
    Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2025
    The ship's hull is primarily exposed to salt-laden sea spray and high moisture, making it susceptible to corrosion. This has become a major issue in the shipping industry, as corrosion weakens the ship's structural integrity, necessitating expensive maintenance and posing safety concerns. Despite the latest advancements in corrosion maintenance technology, it is essential to detect corrosion as early as possible using computer vision or image processing techniques. However, both approaches have limitations when it comes to detecting weak corrosion boundary and blurry prominent corrosion features. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to accurately detect corrosion boundaries on the ship's hull using pixel property method. Firstly, data acquisition is performed to identify suspected corrosion regions on the ship's hull. Next, a threshold is calculated by averaging 100 corrosion images of the ship's hull. Afterward, each pixel in the image is analysed to determine the connected components of the corrosion areas. The pixel list and area coordinates are collected after analysing all connected components. Large connected components are merged into a single larger region using morphological closing and flood-fill operations. Finally, the pixel property method is applied using the pixel list and area coordinates to accurately detect corrosion boundaries on the ship's hull. According to the results, the proposed method successfully detected corrosion regions on the ship's hull with a high level of accuracy. Furthermore, the robustness of this method was demonstrated by its ability to segment the weak corrosion boundary and blurry prominent corrosion features on the ship’s hull. These findings indicate that the proposed method is highly accurate for detecting corrosion on ship hulls.
  • Introduction to the implant nanoscaled advanced materials
    Rodianah Alias, Sharifah H.Y.S. Abdullah, Ireana Y.A. Fatah, Mohamad N.F. Pargi, Mohd F.A. Akhbar, Masahiro Todoh, Muhammad M.B. Aminallah
    Advanced Nanomaterials in Biomedical Implants Processing Structures Properties and Applications, 2025
  • Optimization of Drill Bit Geometries for Minimum Thermal Damage in Bone Drilling
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Mohamad Faris Mohd Ashri, Ahmad Razlan Yusoff, Shahrizan Jamaludin, Rodianah Alias, Fatin Alias, Razhan Hassan, Muhammad Rizwan
    Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2024
    Thermal injury is a common post-operative effect in bone drilling surgeries. The extreme heat generated during the drilling process kills bone cells, which causes irreversible bone death. This bone death loosens medical fixations—screws, plates, and implants—and subsequently refractures the bone. Research on drill bit geometries in bone drilling has attracted interest from engineering and medical researchers. However, previous research has mainly focused on the simulation of bone drilling, which could generate an incorrect approximation of thermal bone damage if the simulation model is not validated. For this reason, this study focuses on the optimization and parametric analysis of the bone temperature elevations induced by customized drill bit features—point angle (60-180°), web thickness (25-50 %), and helix angle (10-55°)—in comprehensive ex-vivo bone (bovine) experimental drilling tests. The L9 Taguchi optimization method was then applied to determine the optimal design to minimize maximum bone temperature rise. Results from the parametric analysis revealed that the optimal setup for the drill point features can be obtained with the ranges of point angle of 160-180°, web thickness of 25-30 %, and helix angle of 30-40°. Based on the Taguchi optimization results, the minimum thermal damage is produced with the point angle of 180°, web thickness of 25 %, and helix angle of 35°. This work offers a promising solution for reducing thermal injury and preventing thermal osteonecrosis in bone drilling surgeries.
  • Drilling of Bone: Effect of Drill Bit Clearance on Thermal Damage
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Shahrizan Jamaludin, Razhan Hassan, Akmal Wani Sulong
    Advanced Structured Materials, 2024
  • Computer Vision and Image Processing Approaches for Corrosion Detection
    Ahmad Ali Imran Mohd Ali, Shahrizan Jamaludin, Md Mahadi Hasan Imran, Ahmad Faisal Mohamad Ayob, Sayyid Zainal Abidin Syed Ahmad, Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Mohammed Ismail Russtam Suhrab, Mohamad Riduan Ramli
    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2023
    Corrosion is an undesirable phenomenon resulting in material deterioration and degradation through electrochemical or chemical reactions with the surrounding environment. Additionally, corrosion presents considerable threats in both the short and long term because of its ability to create failures, leakages, and damage to materials, equipment, and environment. Despite swift technological developments, it remains difficult to determine the degrees of corrosion due to the different textures and the edgeless boundary of corrosion surfaces. Hence, there is a need to investigate the robust corrosion detection algorithms that are suitable for all degrees of corrosion. Recently, many computer vision and image processing algorithms have been developed for corrosion prediction, assessment, and detection, such as filtering, texture, color, pixelation, image enhancement, wavelet transformation, segmentation, classification, and clustering approaches. As a result, this paper reviews and discusses the state-of-the-art computer vision and image processing methods that have been developed for corrosion detection in various applications, industries, and academic research. The challenges for corrosion detection using computer vision and image processing algorithms are also explored. Finally, recommendations for future research are also detailed.
  • Thermomechanical damage in cortical bone caused by margins of surgical drill bit: A finite element analysis
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar
    Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 2023
  • Application of Artificial Intelligence in Marine Corrosion Prediction and Detection
    Md Mahadi Hasan Imran, Shahrizan Jamaludin, Ahmad Faisal Mohamad Ayob, Ahmad Ali Imran Mohd Ali, Sayyid Zainal Abidin Syed Ahmad, Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Mohammed Ismail Russtam Suhrab, Nasharuddin Zainal, Syamimi Mohd Norzeli, Saiful Bahri Mohamed
    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2023
  • Characterization methods and characterization of the coatings
    Rodianah Alias, Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Yousef Alshammari, Humair Ahmed Siddiqui, Muhammad Rizwan, Mohd Hamdi, Masahiro Todoh
    Advanced Ceramic Coatings Fundamentals Manufacturing and Classification, 2023
  • Efficient, accurate and fast pupil segmentation for pupillary boundary in iris recognition
    Shahrizan Jamaludin, Ahmad Faisal Mohamad Ayob, Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Ahmad Ali Imran Mohd Ali, Md Mahadi Hasan Imran, Syamimi Mohd Norzeli, Saiful Bahri Mohamed
    Advances in Engineering Software, 2023
  • Surgical Drill Bit Design and Thermomechanical Damage in Bone Drilling: A Review
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Akmal Wani Sulong
    Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2021
  • Fast & Injurious: Reducing thermal osteonecrosis regions in the drilling of human bone with multi-objective optimization
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Ahmad Razlan Yusoff
    Measurement Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 2020
  • Drilling of bone: Thermal osteonecrosis regions induced by drilling parameters
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Ahmad Razlan Yusoff
    Biomedical Physics and Engineering Express, 2019
  • Multi-objective optimization of surgical drill bit to minimize thermal damage in bone-drilling
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Ahmad Razlan Yusoff
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019
  • Drilling of bone: Effect of drill bit geometries on thermal osteonecrosis risk regions
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Ahmad Razlan Yusoff
    Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 2019
  • Comparison of bone temperature elevation in drilling of human, bovine and porcine bone
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Ahmad Razlan Yusoff
    Procedia CIRP, 2019
  • Effects of drilling parameters in numerical simulation to the bone temperature elevation
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Mukhtar Malik, Ahmad Razlan Yusoff
    Aip Conference Proceedings, 2018
  • Optimization of drilling parameters for thermal bone necrosis prevention
    Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Ahmad Razlan Yusoff
    Technology and Health Care, 2018
  • Experimental study on thermal performance of MWCNT nanocoolant in Perodua Kelisa 1000cc radiator system
    Beriache M'hamed, Nor Azwadi Che Sidik, Mohd Faizal Ali Akhbar, Rizalman Mamat, G. Najafi
    International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016