Gerson Njurumana

Scopus Publications

Contesting sandalwood: economic gains, social losses, and policy response in a semi-arid environment of East Nusa Tenggara–Indonesia
Yohanis Ngongo, Gerson N. Njurumana, Simon Peter Field, Wahyudi Isnan, Nurhaedah Muin, Achmad Rizal Hak Bisjoe, Nardy Noerman Nadjib, Merryana Kiding Allo, Yohanes Leki Seran, Hariany Siappa, Ermi E. Koeslulat, I. Wayan Widhana Susila, Yoseph Nahak Seran
Forest Science and Technology, 2026
An extended Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining intention toward sustainable forest management: Evidence from COVID 19 Pandemic from Bali, Indonesia
Shine Pintor Siolemba Patiro, Kresno Agus Hendarto, Dian Charity Hidayat, Lukas Rumboko Wibowo, Digby Race, I Wayan Widhana Susila, Sutrihadi Sutrihadi, Krisdianto Sugiyanto, Gerson Ndawa Njurumana, Hani Sitti Nuroniah, Dewi Ratna Kurniasari, V. Rachmadi Parmono, Atfi Indriany Putri, Abdurakhman Abdurakhman, Tri Astuti Wisudayati, Ramawati Ramawati, Yudha Satria Aji Pratama
F1000research, 2026
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has generated significant impacts on the forestry sector. Employment layoffs have led to an increase in return migration, resulting in additional labor supply and heightened family economic burdens. This research employs the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework to examine and predict sustainable forest management practices among families managing customary forests and village forests in Bali. Methods Purposive sampling was used to collect data from 71 managers of customary forests and village forests in Tenganan and Wanagiri. Partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the acquired data. Results The findings demonstrated that TPB can explain the sustainable forest management. The incorporation of an additional construct, Tri Hita Karana (THK), enhanced the model’s predictive power for both managerial intentions and behaviors in sustainable forest management. Specifically, THK influences management intentions through the mediation of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Conclusions This study established that THK , a fundamental value system in Balinese society, serves as an antecedent predictor of behavioral intentions toward sustainable forest management. The relationship between THK and sustainable forest management intentions is mediated by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This research makes significant theoretical and managerial contributions. First, it validates the established TPB framework within the context of COVID-19’s impact in Bali. Additionally, it provides scholars with insights for identifying other potential constructs that may influence forest land managers’ behavior.
Livelihood resilience of forest-dependent farmers amidst the covid-19 pandemic in Sikka, Indonesia
Gerson N. Njurumana, Yohanis Ngongo, Dona Octavia, Sri Suharti, Ari Rakatama, Diana Prameswari, Rizki Maharani, Lukas Rumboko Wibowo, Agustinus P. Tampubolon, Suratman, Rosita Dewi, Etik Erna Wati Hadi, Yelin Adalina, Tony Basuki, Bernard deRosari, Kresno Agus Hendarto
Sustainable Futures, 2025
The capacity of forest farmers is one of the factors affecting community forest (CF) management in Indonesia. We took Tuartana CF in Sikka District, Eastern Indonesia, as a representation of a marginal semi-arid region lens to understand the dynamics and impact of assistance on farmer capacity building in forest management. The study aimed to understand the role of CF facilitation in social, economic, and ecological aspects, as well as the implications of resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted through structured, in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with forest farmers. The data were qualitatively analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the CF farmers facilitation process encourages increased forest farmers’ interactions in supporting sustainable forest resources. This is evidenced by the initiative of farmers to develop alternative sources of livelihood and build marketing networks with related institutions, including strengthening and institutionalizing forest farmer groups through increasing the intensity of coordination and cooperation networks as well as increasing knowledge and skill in diversifying forest products from CF. Capacity building improved farmers’ resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, including a number of variables and indicators evaluated in the management of CF. Learning from the facilitation process in increasing the capacity and resilience of forest farmers that have been built can be a reference for the parties to provide further assistance in building CF partnerships.
Engaging Sustainable Reforestation and Forest Protection in the Wallacea Line, Indonesia
Yohanis Ngongo, Gerson N. Njurumana, Markus Kudeng Sallata, Merryana Kiding Allo, Nurhaedah Muin, Wahyudi Isnan, Nardy Noerman Najib, Achmad Rizal Hak Bisjoe, Indra A. S. L. P. Putri, Hariany Siappa, Ronald T. P. Hutapea, Yelin Adalina, Suhartati Suhartati, Yohanes Leki Seran, Agustinus Panusunan Tampubolon
F1000research, 2025
The Wallacea region of Indonesia has high biodiversity and highly unique and endangered species. Its terrestrial ecosystems have unique flora and fauna found nowhere else. Nevertheless, the strategy for protecting and conserving the Wallacea ecosystem is like that in other parts of Indonesia, since it refers to the national forest and environmental regulations. The uniqueness of the Wallacea ecosystem does not reflect the extraordinary efforts of protecting and conserving the region’s pristine ecosystem. The continuing decline of the forestland and expansions of agricultural lands have indicated the need for a more fundamental and integrative approach to conserving and protecting the Wallacea ecosystem, particularly forestlands. We use the actor-centered power (ACP) approach or ideas and use the Wallacea Line to highlight how this idea is contested and confronted with the dynamics of complex societies and ecosystems. The ACP approach is the most widely used one in the implementation of the community forest (CF) program in Indonesia. The CF program is one of Indonesia’s community-based forest management schemes that empowers local communities to manage state forests sustainably. We chose two national parks established in the Wallacea region, Mutis on Timor Island and Matalawa on Sumba Island, to elaborate further on the development, conservation, and changes that occurred within that landscape. The ACP approach, in line with the spirit of the decentralization era, has mixed consequences for forest management and the biodiversity of the Wallacea region. Regarding the specific characteristics of the Wallacea region and lessons learned from the ACP approach implementation in the CF program, we then propose a sustainable model of reforestation and forest protection that applies the principle of “unity in diversity,” where all actors involved have space for the growth of creativity and positive contributions to sustainable forest protection.
The Resilience of Indigenous Natural Resources Management Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
G. N. Njurumana, D. Octavia, O. Hidayat, T. Basuki, Y. Ngongo
Aip Conference Proceedings, 2024
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various aspects of global society's livelihood, including changes in human and forest relations as a result of social restrictions. This paper presents the challenges faced by local communities in managing and utilizing forest resources during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research sample was on Sumba, Flores, and Timor islands. Observations, interviews, and secondary data collection were carried out and analyzed descriptively-qualitatively to understand the challenges faced by local communities that manage state and community forests. The results of the research showed that even though farmers have experience in conventional farming, they are not yet supported by adequate educational and expertise capacities. This has implications for the ability to innovate in the use of forest resources during the pandemic. Institutional farmers experience a decline in the function of coordination, and this has implications for the aspects of farmers' livelihoods from the forest areas. The biggest changes occur to farmers in state forest areas and have implications for the potential for a higher poverty increase compared to community forest farmers. The Covid-19 pandemic is a lesson to build assistance strategies to empower communities to be more resilient in dealing with changes caused by disasters and pandemics.
Product Adaptation to Enhance the Market of Areca Nut (Areca catechu)
Ermi E. Koeslulat, Tri Yulni, Gerson Nd. Njurumana
Aip Conference Proceedings, 2024
Areca nut is a widely utilized plant throughout the world. Although it has been widely used as a raw material for functional foods, beverages, and various cosmetic and medicinal products, the areca nut is still commonly used for chewing in many nations, including Indonesia, particularly East Nusa Tenggara (ENT). The tradition of chewing areca nut has been an integral part of people's daily lives for a very long time. It could be classified as an immaterial cultural resource. Nowadays, chewing culture began to decline in some regions, including ENT. Regardless of the impact on health, the product must be rebranded and adapted to be a more modern one to preserve cultural values. This study aims to identify how the areca nut can be adapted into other products to enhance the market. Product attributes were identified using the Kano Method. The final product is then evaluated using the organoleptic method, willingness to accept, and willingness to buy. The participants were grouped into two, i.e., loyal consumers (Group I) and non-loyal consumers (Group II). The two groups show different attributes toward the expected future product. Two product models are offered, Product I, the original package in one package, and Product II, Areca nut Hard Candy. The evaluation of the product shows that although Group I prefers Product I, they are still willing to accept and buy Product II in order to maintain some cultural values. Enterprises need to be introduced to hard candy technology and promotions through social media.
Analyzing residents’ preferences to ecotourism impacts using simple additive weighting: The case of Mount Rinjani National Park, Indonesia
Shine Pintor Siolemba Patiro, Kresno Agus Hendarto, V. Rachmadi Parmono, Lukas Rumboko Wibowo, Aneka Prawesti Suka, Abdurakhman Abdurakhman, Arina Pramusita, Rubangi Al Hasan, Yumantoko Yumantoko, Ryke Nandini, I Wayan Widhana Susila, Desmiwati Desmiwati, Tri Astuti Wisudayati, Gerson Ndawa Njurumana, Dhany Yuniati, Yudha Satria Aji Pratama, Tri Dasta Nursehaneka Yatma
Forest Science and Technology, 2024
Under the more current paradigm of protected area management, which takes a more integrated approach to conservation and development opportunities, residents are now seen as co-managers of protected areas. Through the Social Representation Theory, Rational Choice Theory, and Social Identity Theory, this study aims to identify the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impacts of ecotourism perceived by the residents and their priorities/ preferences in Mount Rinjani National Park (MNRP). This study employed the qualitative method (phase 1) and the quantitative method (phase 2). Phase 1 collected primary data through focus group discussion (FGD). The FGD was conducted with 7 participants who were chosen using judgment sampling. Data in the FGD were transcribed and analyzed with content analysis. Results of the analysis in phase 1 were utilized as the basis for analysis in phase 2. Phase 2 collected the data from a survey. Due to the homogeneity of the population, 30 respondents were chosen as the sample using purposive sampling. Data of the survey were analyzed with simple additive weighting. The results showed that the highest preference of the residents was economic impacts, followed by the social-cultural and environmental impacts. From the perspective of Social Representation Theory, it can explain how different people understand and respond to social issues in a community. From the perspective of Rational Choice Theory and Social Identity Theory, although economic impacts rank first, social interest comes first instead of individual interest. Finally, the results of this study can be used as a guide for both the national government (MNRP) and local government (the Culture and Tourism Board) regard to how residents behave towards ecotourism development.
A Chronicle of Indonesia’s Forest Management: A Long Step towards Environmental Sustainability and Community Welfare
Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi Nugroho, Yonky Indrajaya, Satria Astana, Murniati, Sri Suharti, Tyas Mutiara Basuki, Tri Wira Yuwati, Pamungkas Buana Putra, Budi Hadi Narendra, Luthfy Abdulah, Titiek Setyawati, Subarudi, Haruni Krisnawati, Purwanto, M. Hadi Saputra, Yunita Lisnawati, Raden Garsetiasih, Reny Sawitri, Indra Ardie Surya Liannawatty Purnamawan Putri, Ogi Setiawan, Dona Octavia, Hesti Lestari Tata, Endang Savitri, Abdurachman, Acep Akbar, Achmad Rizal Hak Bisjoe, Adi Susilo, Aditya Hani, Agung Budi Supangat, Agung Wahyu Nugroho, Agus Kurniawan, Ahmad Junaedi, Andhika Silva Yunianto, Anita Rianti, Ardiyanto Wahyu Nugroho, Asep Sukmana, Bambang Tejo Premono, Bastoni, Bina Swasta Sitepu, Bondan Winarno, Catur Budi Wiati, Chairil Anwar Siregar, Darwo, Diah Auliyani, Diah Irawati Dwi Arini, Dian Pratiwi, Dila Swestiani, Donny Wicaksono, Dony Rachmanadi, Eko Pujiono, Endang Karlina, Enny Widyati, Etik Erna Wati Hadi, Firda Mafthukhakh Hilmya Nada, Fajri Ansari, Fatahul Azwar, Gerson Ndawa Njurumana, Hariany Siappa, Hendra Gunawan, Hengki Siahaan, Henti Hendalastuti Rachmat, Heru Dwi Riyanto, Hery Kurniawan, Ika Heriansyah, Irma Yeny, Julianus Kinho, Karmilasanti, Kayat, Luthfan Meilana Nugraha, Luthfi Hanindityasari, Mariana Takandjandji, Markus Kudeng Sallata, Mawazin, Merryana Kiding Allo, Mira Yulianti, Mohamad Siarudin, Muhamad Yusup Hidayat, Muhammad Abdul Qirom, Mukhlisi, Nardy Noerman Najib, Nida Humaida, Niken Sakuntaladewi, Nina Mindawati, Nining Wahyuningrum, Nunung Puji Nugroho, Nur Muhamad Heriyanto, Nuralamin, Nurhaedah Muin, Nurul Silva Lestari, Oki Hidayat, Parlin Hotmartua Putra Pasaribu, Pratiwi, Purwanto, Purwanto Budi Santosa, Rahardyan Nugroho Adi, Ramawati, Ratri Ma’rifatun Nisaa, Reni Setyo Wahyuningtyas, Resti Ura, Ridwan Fauzi, Rosita Dewi, Rozza Tri Kwatrina, Ryke Nandini, Said Fahmi, Sigit Andy Cahyono, Sri Lestari, Suhartono, Sulistya Ekawati, Susana Yuni Indriyanti, Tien Wahyuni, Titi Kalima, Tri Atmoko, Tri Rizkiana Yusnikusumah, Virni Budi Arifanti, Vivi Yuskianti, Vivin Silvaliandra Sihombing, Wahyu Catur Adinugroho, Wahyudi Isnan, Wanda Kuswanda, Wawan Halwany, Wieke Herningtyas, Wuri Handayani, Yayan Hadiyan, Yulizar Ihrami Rahmila
Land, 2023
Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with 17,000 islands of varying sizes and elevations, from lowlands to very high mountains, stretching more than 5000 km eastward from Sabang in Aceh to Merauke in Papua. Although occupying only 1.3% of the world’s land area, Indonesia possesses the third-largest rainforest and the second-highest level of biodiversity, with very high species diversity and endemism. However, during the last two decades, Indonesia has been known as a country with a high level of deforestation, a producer of smoke from burning forests and land, and a producer of carbon emissions. The aim of this paper is to review the environmental history and the long process of Indonesian forest management towards achieving environmental sustainability and community welfare. To do this, we analyze the milestones of Indonesian forest management history, present and future challenges, and provide strategic recommendations toward a viable Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) system. Our review showed that the history of forestry management in Indonesia has evolved through a long process, especially related to contestation over the control of natural resources and supporting policies and regulations. During the process, many efforts have been applied to reduce the deforestation rate, such as a moratorium on permitting primary natural forest and peat land, land rehabilitation and soil conservation, environmental protection, and other significant regulations. Therefore, these efforts should be maintained and improved continuously in the future due to their significant positive impacts on a variety of forest areas toward the achievement of viable SFM. Finally, we conclude that the Indonesian government has struggled to formulate sustainable forest management policies that balance economic, ecological, and social needs, among others, through developing and implementing social forestry instruments, developing and implementing human resource capacity, increasing community literacy, strengthening forest governance by eliminating ambiguity and overlapping regulations, simplification of bureaucracy, revitalization of traditional wisdom, and fair law enforcement.
Land Cover Change and Food Security in Central Sumba: Challenges and Opportunities in the Decentralization Era in Indonesia
Yohanis Ngongo, Bernard deRosari, Tony Basuki, Gerson Ndawa Njurumana, Yudistira Nugraha, Alfonsus Hasudungan Harianja, Mohammad Ardha, Kustiyo Kustiyo, Rizatus Shofiyati, Raden Bambang Heryanto, Jefny Bernedi Markus Rawung, Joula Olvy Maya Sondakh, Rein Estefanus Senewe, Helena daSilva, Ronald Timbul Pardamean Hutapea, Procula Rudlof Mattitaputty, Yosua Pieter Kenduballa, Noldy Rusminta Estorina Kotta, Yohanes Leki Seran, Debora Kana Hau, Dian Oktaviani, Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi Nugroho
Land, 2023
This study focuses on land cover and land management changes in relation to food security and environmental services in a semi-arid area of East Nusa Tenggara (ENT), Indonesia. The study was conducted in the Central Sumba District of ENT province. A classification and regression tree (CART) for land cover classification was analyzed using machine learning techniques through the implementation of the Google Earth Engine. A Focus Group Discussion (FGD) survey followed by in-depth interviews was conducted for primary data collection, involving a total of 871 respondents. The socio-economic data were statistically analyzed descriptively using non-parametric tests. The study showed that (1) there has been a substantial change in land use during the devolution era that has both positive and negative implications for food security and environmental services; (2) there has been population pressure in fertile and agricultural land as a direct impact of the development of city infrastructure; and (3) national intervention through the Food Estate program has fostered and shaped land use change and land management in the Central Sumba District. The study highlights the importance of the devolution spirit in aiding the management of limited arable/agricultural land in predominantly semi-arid areas to ensure food security and environmental services.
Incorporating Traditional Knowledge into Science-Based Sociotechnical Measures in Upper Watershed Management: Theoretical Framework, Existing Practices and the Way Forward
Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi Nugroho, Markus Kudeng Sallata, Merryana Kiding Allo, Nining Wahyuningrum, Agung Budi Supangat, Ogi Setiawan, Gerson Ndawa Njurumana, Wahyudi Isnan, Diah Auliyani, Fajri Ansari, Luthfi Hanindityasari, Nardy Noerman Najib
Sustainability Switzerland, 2023
In Indonesia, 2145 watersheds currently need to be restored, where around 21 million people spread over ± 23,000 villages live below the poverty line with a high dependence on forests. This condition requires an integrated approach in watershed management, which is aimed at technically restoring environmental conditions and ensuring the welfare of the people in it. One of the strategic approaches that can be taken is to revive local wisdom and traditional knowledge (TK), which has been eroded and neglected, and integrate them with technical approaches based on modern science and knowledge. Based on the author’s research and literature studies, this paper discusses the theoretical framework and implementation practices in integrating traditional knowledge into a science-based sociotechnical system to manage upstream watersheds sustainably. Based on the empirical evidence, efforts to create good biophysical and socio-economic watershed conditions can only be achieved through the active participation of farmers in adopting and integrating scientific technology into their traditional knowledge. This integration is realized in designing and implementing watershed management technology by considering the principles of suitability, applicability, feasibility, and acceptability. In the long term, it is necessary to document TK, patent it, and transfer it to the next generation to ensure that indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ social, cultural, and economic interests are protected.
Potential of Beekeeping to Support the Livelihood, Economy, Society, and Environment of Indonesia
Alfonsus Hasudungan Harianja, Yelin Adalina, Gunawan Pasaribu, Ina Winarni, Rizki Maharani, Andrian Fernandes, Grace Serepina Saragih, Ridwan Fauzi, Agustinus Panusunan Tampubolon, Gerson Ndawa Njurumana, Agus Sukito, Aswandi Aswandi, Cut Rizlani Kholibrina, Siswadi Siswadi, Hery Kurniawan, Muhamad Yusup Hidayat, Resti Wahyuni, Ermi Erene Koeslulat, Raden Bambang Heryanto, Tony Basuki, Helena Da Silva, Yohanis Ngongo, Bernard deRosari, Totok Kartono Waluyo, Maman Turjaman, Sigit Baktya Prabawa, Harlinda Kuspradini
Forests, 2023
Mainstreaming Smart Agroforestry for Social Forestry Implementation to Support Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia: A Review
Dona Octavia, Sri Suharti, Murniati, I Wayan Susi Dharmawan, Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi Nugroho, Bambang Supriyanto, Dede Rohadi, Gerson Ndawa Njurumana, Irma Yeny, Aditya Hani, Nina Mindawati, Suratman, Yelin Adalina, Diana Prameswari, Etik Erna Wati Hadi, Sulistya Ekawati
Sustainability Switzerland, 2022
Local Wisdom of West Timorese Farmers in Land Management
Y. Ngongo, Tony Basuki, B. deRosari, E. Hosang, J. Nulik, Helena daSilva, D. K. Hau, Alfonso Sitorus, N. Kotta, G. N. Njurumana, E. Pujiono, L. Ishaq, A. Simamora, Y. Mau
Sustainability Switzerland, 2022
Development Strategies of Oelsonbai Research Center Scientific Tourism in KHDTK Oelsonbai Kupang
Wieke Herningtyas, Gerson Ndawa Njurumana, Maria Elisabet Saptaria Feriani, Is Mugiono
Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 2022
Promoting agroforestry for increasing land cover and sustaining livelihood through Social Forestry schemes in Indonesia
D Octavia, H H Rachmat, G N Njurumana, Danu, Y Ngongo
Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2022
Current challenges and prospects of indonesian non-timber forest products (Ntfps): A review
Gunawan Pasaribu, Ina Winarni, Raden Esa Pangersa Gusti, Rizki Maharani, Andrian Fernandes, Alfonsus Hasudungan Harianja, Grace Serepina Saragih, Maman Turjaman, Agustinus Panusunan Tampubolon, Harlinda Kuspradini, Ganis Lukmandaru, Gerson Ndawa Njurumana, Agus Sukito, Aswandi Aswandi, Cut Rizlani Kholibrina
Forests, 2021
Ecological performance of local initiatives on water resources management in Timorese communities, Indonesia
G. N. Njurumana, E. Pujiono, M. da Silva, O. K. Oematan
Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
Land sustainability for public cemeteries in KHDTK Hambala: A preliminary study on the borrow-to-use forest area with a cooperation mechanism in Sumba, Indonesia
E. Pujiono, O. Hidayat, G. N. Njurumana
Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
The livelihood challenge of forest honey bee farmers amidst COVID-19 pandemic in Mutis, Indonesia
Gerson Ndawa Njurumana, Norman P.L.B. Riwu Kaho, Elisa Iswandono, Sherley S. Wila Huky, Budy Z. Mooy, Fatmawati Fatmawati, Darius A. Kian, Yeni F. Nomeni
Forest and Society, 2021
Ecosystem Services of Indigenous Kaliwu Agroforestry System in Sumba, Indonesia
Gerson N. Njurumana, Ronggo Sadono, Djoko Marsono, Irham
E3s Web of Conferences, 2021
Sustainability status of agroforestry systems in Timor Island, Indonesia
Eko Pujiono, S Agung Sri Raharjo, Gerson N Njurumana, Budiyanto D Prasetyo, Heny Rianawati
E3s Web of Conferences, 2021
Sustaining farmers livelihoods through community forestry in Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Gerson N. Njurumana, Kirsfianti Ginoga, Dona Octavia
Biodiversitas, 2020

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