Implications of dam and offspring body mass index on reproductive efficiency in Kebumen Ongole Grade cattle Franciscus Rudi Prasetyo Hantoro, Alek Ibrahim, Pita Sudrajad, Heri Kurnianto, Sri Suryatmiati Prihandani, Yudi Adinata Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2026 Kebumen Ongole Grade (KOG) cattle possess several advantages over other local beef cattle, including larger body size and superior reproductive traits. This study aimed to determine the relationship between calving interval (CI) and dam frame score (DFS), dam body mass index (DBMI), and offspring body mass index (OBMI). A total of 142 pairs of Kebumen Ongole Grade dams and their offspring were observed. The measured variables comprised frame score and biometric traits such as body weight (BW), withers height (WH), body length (BL), hip height (HH), along with reproductive parameter calving interval. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses. The results showed a significant positive correlation between CI and DFS (r = 0.166), and non-significant negative correlations between DFS and DBMI (r = –0.131), and between DFS and OBMI (r = –0.090). The regression equation describing the relationship between CI and the three independent variables was: CI (years) = 0.891 + 0.026(DFS) + 0.003(DBMI) + 0.023(OBMI). The results indicate that skeletal frame score exerts a modest but notable impact on reproductive traits, whereas body mass index of dams and calves shows little association with calving interval. Nevertheless, body mass index remains a critical indicator of health, as both under- and over-conditioned cows are at higher risk of metabolic disorders, reproductive challenges, and reduced fertility. In Kebumen Ongole Grade cattle, calving interval showed a weak but significant positive relationship with frame score, while dam and offspring body mass indexes had weak, non-significant effects.
Unveiling the origin, characters, and breeding system of Kebumen Ongole Grade cattle in Indonesia: a review Subiharta Subiharta, Pita Sudrajad, Yudi Adinata, Eni Siti Rohaeni, Rini Nur Hayati, Agung Prabowo, Salfina Nurdin Ahmad, Santiananda Arta Asmarasari, Rudi Prasetyo Hantoro Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 2026 Kebumen Ongole Grade cattle represent a distinctive local breed of beef cattle in Indonesia known for their adaptability to tropical climates and low-input farming methods. These cattle, which are descended from Indian Ongole cattle, have a long history of development. While these cattle have many similarities to their ancestors, they have evolved unique features and performance traits, particularly in the Kebumen region. Despite their recognized value, the population has declined as a result of crossbreeding with other cattle breeds and uncontrolled mating. This has raised concerns about genetic erosion and the future viability of the breed. These cattle are also distinguished by their large body size and high birth weight, which are associated with excellent reproductive and production performance. Despite these advantages, better management and feeding systems are required to maintain and improve breed quality. These cattle also have a successful breeding program, with certified progeny distributed nationwide. The comprehensive documentation in this study is intended to serve as the foundation for future policy formulation and sustainable breeding strategies. This review suggests that Kebumen Ongole Grade cattle represent a successful community-based breeding effort with room for growth. This study emphasizes the importance of preserving the breed's genetic integrity while addressing breeding management issues and production system sustainability.
The genetic diversity of Indonesian cattle has been shaped by multiple introductions and adaptive introgression Xi Wang, Casia Nursyifa, Sabhrina Gita Aninta, Genís Garcia-Erill, Laura D. Bertola, Anubhab Khan, Josiah Kuja, Kristian Hanghøj, Jonas Meisner, Thomas Bøggild, Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Amal Al-Chaer, Alam Putra Persada, Dwi Sendi Priyono, Yuli A. Tribudi, Pita Sudrajad, Cynthia Dewi Gaina, Yu Jiang, Johannes A. Lenstra, Reagan Cauble-Sims, Benjamin D. Rosen, Darren E. Hagen, Michael P. Heaton, Timothy P. L. Smith, Laurent Frantz, Greger Larson, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Dedy Duryadi Solihin, Muhammad Agil, Bambang Purwantara, Rasmus Heller Nature Communications, 2025 Genetic diversity is a crucial resource in livestock, determining their traits and ability to respond to selection. Indonesian cattle are unique due to their history of admixture involving both zebu (Bos indicus) and banteng (B. javanicus), and may therefore contain novel cattle genetic resources. We generated whole genome sequences from 126 Indonesian cattle, 51 domesticated banteng and three captive banteng. We show that Indonesian cattle have very high genetic diversity, especially the Madura breed due to introgression from banteng and possibly other Bos species, contributing up to 36.6% of the Madura’s genome. We find that Indonesian zebu ancestry can be traced to at least three distinct ancestral populations, two of which were introduced more than 1345 years ago from mainland Southeast or eastern Asia. Peaks and valleys in banteng ancestry across the genome in admixed breeds suggest that both negative and positive selection act on introgressed haplotypes. Despite adaptive introgression being mainly breed-specific, we found evidence that some phenotypes, such as coat color, have experienced convergent adaptive introgression. Overall, our results provide insights into the historical movement of cattle in Asia, and showcase the potential for genetic improvement of cattle by identifying ~3.5 million novel SNPs introgressed into Indonesian cattle. Indonesian cattle are unique due to their history of admixture involving both zebu and banteng. Here, Wang et al. identify ~3.5 million novel introgressed SNP variants and provide a genomic map of banteng introgression within and across many cattle breeds, each with unique introgression histories.
From Shore to Farm: A Review of Macroalgae as A Sustainable Alternative Animal Feed in Indonesia Yudi Adinata, Tanda Sahat Sastradarmaja Panjaitan, Jhon Firison, Bayu Andri Atmoko, Noor Hudhia Krishna, Pita Sudrajad Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters, 2025 Yudi Adinata, Tanda Sahat Sastradarmaja Panjaitan, Jhon Firison, Bayu Andri Atmoko, Noor Hudhia Krishna, and Pita Sudrajad. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Lett. 2025;53:22-9. https://doi.org/10.48022/mbl.2409.09003
Exonic mutations of POU class 1 homeobox 1 are associated with milk pH in high-producing Holstein Friesian cows Muhammad Cahyadi, Ammar Ibnu Hasan, Djorodjatun Samodro Sakti, Nasta ‘Ainun Nissa, Ahmad Pramono, Suryo Firmanto, Rizwan Nur Friyatna, Slamet Diah Volkandari, Pita Sudrajad Veterinary World, 2024 Background and Aim: Milk physicochemical properties play essential role in the milk processing industry, which are moderately to highly affected by genetic factors. This study aimed to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in POU class 1 homeobox 1 (POU1F1) and the physicochemical properties of milk in high-producing Holstein Friesian (HF) cows. Materials and Methods: A total of 149 high-producing dairy cows from PT Ultra Peternakan Bandung Selatan was included in this study. The physicochemical properties of milk, including density, freezing point, pH, lactose, solid non-fat, protein, and ash content, were determined. Moreover, three polymorphisms within the exon regions of POU1F1 (c.195G>A, c.300G>T, and c.828G>A) were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The association between these polymorphisms and the physicochemical properties of milk was determined using a mixed-effects model analysis, in which the lactation period was used as a covariate. Results: This study found that two polymorphisms, c.195G>A and c.828G>A, significantly affected the pH of fresh milk. Cows with both the GG genotypes c.195G>A and c.828G>A had lower milk pH values than those with the other genotypes. In addition, a non-significant effect of POU1F1 was observed on the other physicochemical properties of milk. Conclusion: Two POU1F1 polymorphisms determined the pH of fresh milk in the Indonesian HF population. These are potential marker candidates for milk pH that directly affect the development of dairy products in the milk processing industry. Keywords: exonic mutation, Holstein Friesian, milk pH, physicochemical properties, POU1F1.
Population diversity, admixture, and demographic trend of the Sumba Ongole cattle based on genomic data Pita Sudrajad, Hartati Hartati, Bayu Dewantoro Putro Soewandi, Saiful Anwar, Angga Ardhati Rani Hapsari, Tri Satya Mastuti Widi, Sigit Bintara, Dyah Maharani Animal Bioscience, 2024 Objective: Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle are valuable breed due to their important role in the development of Indonesian cattle. Despite rapid advances in molecular technology, no genomic studies on SO cattle have been conducted to date. The aim of this study is to provide genomic profile related to the population diversity, admixture, and demographic trends of SO cattle.Methods: Genomic information was gathered from 79 SO cattle using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 v3 Beadchip, and for comparative purposes, additional genotypes from 209 cattle populations worldwide were included. The expected and observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, pairwise fixation indices between-population, and Nei's genetic distance were examined. Multidimensional scaling, admixture, and treemix analyses were used to investigate the population structure. Based on linkage disequilibrium and effective population size calculations, the demographic trend was observed.Results: The findings indicated that the genetic diversity of SO cattle was similar to that of other indicine breeds. SO cattle were genetically related to indicines but not to taurines or Bali cattle. The study further confirmed the close relationship between SO, Ongole, and Nellore cattle. Additionally, a small portion of the Ongole mixture were identified dominant in the SO population at the moment. The study also discovered that SO and Bali cattle (<i>Bos javanicus</i>) could have been ancestors in the development of Ongole Grade cattle, which corresponds to the documented history of Ongolization. Our finding indicate that SO cattle have maintained stability and possess unique traits separate from their ancestors.Conclusion: In conclusion, the genetic diversity of the SO cattle has been conserved as a result of the growing significance of the present demographic trend. Consistent endeavors are necessary to uphold the fitness of the breed.
Rural Breeding Model (Village Breeding) for Kebumen Ongole Grade Cows to Support the Availability of High Quality Beef Cattle Breeding Subiharta, Komalawati, Pita Sudrajad, Rini Nur Hayati Aip Conference Proceedings, 2024 The main obstacle to improving the quality of local livestock (including beef cattle) is the breeding process which has not been handled properly. As many as 90% of beef cattle business is carried out by farmers to produce a low-quality calf. Therefore, Kebumen PO rural beef cattle breeding model was introduced to inform farmers and policymakers on how to produce high-quality breeds. Technological innovations introduced included breeding technology (body size measurement technology and selection) and institutional technology (formation of breeding livestock groups, breeding associations, and recorders in breeding groups). This research is to examine the performance of the beef cattle model in Kebumen. The research was conducted from 2012 to 2017 in Kebumen. The research used qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed that the model introduced had produced 5,597 developed 29 breeding groups and a Breeding Association. The breeding groups had produced 356 female and 35 male cattle seeds which were officially reported to the Beef Cattle Association of Kebumen PO. The cattle seeds were produced mainly in government-owned nurseries such as the Technical Service Unit (UPT) for Cattle Breeding in Sembawa (Directorate General of PKH), Sumberejo (Central Java Province PKH Office), BET Cipelang, BIB Ungaran, the University in Lembang and private sector engaged in beef cattle breeding. The Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health has declared the cattle breeding model of PO Kebumen as the model for other beef cattle breeding groups.
Genome-wide Assessment of Runs of Homozygosity in Ongole Grade Cattle Pita Sudrajad, Subiharta, Yudi Adinata, Muhammad Cahyadi, Hartati, Tri Satya Mastuti Widi, Sigit Bintara, Dyah Maharani Aip Conference Proceedings, 2024 Runs of homozygosity (ROH) is a method for identifying homozygous genomic regions that may indicate strong past selection in the population. This study aimed to look for ROH occurrence in Ongole Grade cattle using previously published Bovine 50K SNP data. In total, genotypes of 83 samples were included in the analysis. Quality control was performed in Plink v1.9 based on the following parameters: variance call rate ≥95%, individual call rate ≥90%, and only autosomes were allowed. The consecutive ROH was measured using the detectRuns package in R v4.1.0. We identified 2,458 ROH segments with a number per chromosome ranging from 11 to 208, and the average length was 0.97 Mb. On BTA 4, 6, 10, 13, 16, 20, and 23, eight ROH regions containing 15 candidate genes were discovered. Based on gene ontology enrichment, those identified genes were related to growth traits, milk traits, immune systems, and feed efficiency in cattle. In summary, we assessed autozygosity patterns across the genome in Ongole Grade cattle and found candidate genes that overlapped with ROH for several important traits. These findings could help us understand the adaptation mechanisms that occur in the Ongole Grade cattle population and aid in selection and breeding programs.
The Population Dynamic of Angus Grade - Black Cattle in Sragen Regency Yudi Adinata, Ronny R. Noor, Rudy Priyanto, Lucia Cyrilla, Noor H. Krishna, Pita Sudrajad, Subiharta, Isbandi Aip Conference Proceedings, 2024 Angus Grade - Black Cattle is a valuable beef cattle in Sragen Regency. The aim is to determine the population dynamic of Angus Grade - Black Cattle in Sragen Regency. The variables used were the farmer and their cattle. Data were collected from Sragen Agency for Statistics and Sragen agency for Animal Husbandry and Fisheries. The population dynamic was analyzed using Natural Increase (NI) and Net Replacement Rate (NRR). The increased population of cattle was determined by using a time series analysis. The results showed that the average Calving Interval (CI) was 13.04±1.72 months, Days Open (DO) was 3.88±1.67 months, Service per Conception (S/C) was 1.70±0.90 times, and the Efficiency Reproductive (ER) value was 101.29%. The estimated NI value was 25.07%. The NRR value of the sire and dam of Angus Grade - Black Cattle were 357.52% and 121.56%, respectively. The output estimation of Angus Grade - Black Cattle was 24.58%. Based on the results, the population dynamic of Angus Grade - Black Cattle from 2021 to 2025 is predicted to increase by 523 heads, equivalent to a 2.58% increase per year. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Sragen district is appropriate as a breeding center area for Angus Grade - Black Cattle supported by good ER and increased population size.
Identification of Disease Case on Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) Chicken on Farmers' Henhouse in Central Java R. N. Hayati, D. Prasetianti, S. Subiharta, P. Sudrajad, K. Komalawati, H. Kurnianto, F. R. P. Hantoro Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2024 The Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development developed the Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) Chicken, a superior breed of native chicken. The KUB chicken exhibited resistance to diseases, boasted lower mortality rates, and yielded more eggs compared to conventional free-range chickens. However, the KUB chickens were not immune to certain prevalent avian diseases, leading to substantial mortality and subsequent economic losses in Indonesia. This study, conducted from October to December 2021 in Central Java, aimed to determine the prevalence of various diseases in KUB chickens housed in farmer’s henhouse. Data were collected from 30 KUB chicken farmers. The results indicated the following prevalence rates for various infections: Snot at 44%, Coccidiosis at 9%, Salmonellosis at 9%, Infectious Bursal Disease at 9%, Newcastle Disease at 4%, and Helminthiosis at 4% across all sampled coops. Snot infection was notably higher in KUB Chickens, largely attributed to inadequate management, followed by Coccidiosis, Salmonellosis, and Infectious Bursal Disease. Clearly, disease prevalence in KUB chickens within a farmer’s coop can be mitigated by improved management practices and appropriate vaccination.
Implications of dam and offspring body mass index on reproductive efficiency in Kebumen Ongole Grade cattle FRP Hantoro, A Ibrahim, P Sudrajad, H Kurnianto, SS Prihandani, ... IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1584 (1), 012043 , 2026 2026
Kajian Pola Seleksi dan Sistem Produksi Rumpun serta Galur Sapi Peranakan Ongole di Indonesia Berdasarkan Data Genom P Sudrajad Universitas Gadjah Mada , 2026 2026
Unveiling the Origin, Characters, and Breeding System of Kebumen Ongole Grade Cattle in Indonesia—A Review S Subiharta, P Sudrajad, Y Adinata, E Rohaeni, R Hayati, A Prabowo, ... Journal of Animal Science and Technology 68 (1), 1-17 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
The genetic diversity of Indonesian cattle has been shaped by multiple introductions and adaptive introgression X Wang, C Nursyifa, SG Aninta, G Garcia-Erill, LD Bertola, A Khan, J Kuja, ... Nature Communications 16 (1), 8192 , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
From Shore to Farm: A Review of Macroalgae as A Sustainable Alternative Animal Feed in Indonesia Y Adinata, TSS Panjaitan, J Firison, BA Atmoko, NH Krishna, P Sudrajad Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology 53 (1), 22-29 , 2025 2025
Body weight and measurement traits of Brahman cattle affected by pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 variations B Trilaksono, AF Rodhiyah, Y Yanti, J Riyanto, H Kurniawan, M Imron, ... 2024 Citations: 1
Exonic mutations of POU class 1 homeobox 1 are associated with milk pH in high-producing Holstein Friesian cows M Cahyadi, AI Hasan, DS Sakti, NA Nissa, A Pramono, S Firmanto, ... 2024
Identification of Disease Case on Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) Chicken on Farmers’ Henhouse in Central Java RN Hayati, D Prasetianti, S Subiharta, P Sudrajad, K Komalawati, ... IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1341 (1), 012117 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Population diversity, admixture, and demographic trend of the Sumba Ongole cattle based on genomic data P Sudrajad, H Hartati, BDP Soewandi, S Anwar, AAR Hapsari, TSM Widi, ... Animal bioscience , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Genome-wide assessment of runs of homozygosity in ongole grade cattle P Sudrajad, Subiharta, Y Adinata, M Cahyadi, Hartati, TSM Widi, S Bintara, ... AIP Conference Proceedings 2957 (1), 070040 , 2024 2024
The population dynamic of angus grade-Black cattle in Sragen Regency Y Adinata, RR Noor, R Priyanto, L Cyrilla, NH Krishna, P Sudrajad, ... AIP Conference Proceedings 2957 (1), 070065 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Rural breeding model ( Village breeding ) for Kebumen ongole grade cows to support the availability of high quality beef cattle breeding Subiharta, Komalawati, P Sudrajad, RN Hayati AIP Conference Proceedings 2957 (1), 070066 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Overview of KUB chicken rearing at the small farmer level in Central Java S Subiharta¹, P Sudrajad¹, RN Hayati¹ Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmentally … , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
Morphometric and physical characteristics of Indonesian beef cattle Y Adinata, RR Noor, R Priyanto, L Cyrilla, P Sudrajad Archives Animal Breeding 66 (2), 153-161 , 2023 2023 Citations: 20
Genome-wide Association Study of Birth Weight in Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus). P Sudrajad, H Suhada, D Prasetyo, PN Gariri, E Eddianto, AF Abiyoga, ... Tropical Animal Science Journal 46 (2) , 2023 2023 Citations: 7
Polymorphisms of the PLAG1 and their relationships with body measurements and carcass traits of Ongole crossbred cattle S Sukaryo, MR Akmalputra, S Romadhon, Y Yanti, SD Volkandari, ... IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1183 (1), 012014 , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
Sustainable Wool Production and Management System in Small Enterprise MI Shiddieqy, B Tiesnamurti, RA Saptati, P Sudrajad Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmentally … , 2023 2023
Identification of the PLAG1 polymorphisms in Peranakan Ongole cattle population MR Akmalputra, S Sukaryo, Y Yanti, J Riyanto, TA Bramastya, ... IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1115 (1), 012002 , 2022 2022 Citations: 4
Comparison of growth curve models for Ongole Grade cattle Y Adinata, RR Noor, R Priyanto, L Cyrilla, P Sudrajad Tropical animal health and production 54 (5), 252 , 2022 2022 Citations: 13
The Use of Genome Technology to Investigate the Genetic Profile of Cattle in Indonesia P Sudrajad PAG ASIA 2022 , 2022 2022
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Estimation of linkage disequilibrium and analysis of genetic diversity in Korean chicken lines D Seo, DH Lee, N Choi, P Sudrajad, SH Lee, JH Lee PLoS One 13 (2), e0192063 , 2018 2018 Citations: 29
Pengaruh stres panas terhadap performa produksi susu sapi Friesian Holstein di Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul Sapi Perah Baturraden P Sudrajad, Adiarto Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner, 341-346 , 2011 2011 Citations: 21
Morphometric and physical characteristics of Indonesian beef cattle Y Adinata, RR Noor, R Priyanto, L Cyrilla, P Sudrajad Archives Animal Breeding 66 (2), 153-161 , 2023 2023 Citations: 20
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Genome‐wide linkage disequilibrium and past effective population size in three Korean cattle breeds P Sudrajad, DW Seo, TJ Choi, BH Park, SH Roh, WY Jung, SS Lee, ... Animal genetics 48 (1), 85-89 , 2017 2017 Citations: 18
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Comparison of growth curve models for Ongole Grade cattle Y Adinata, RR Noor, R Priyanto, L Cyrilla, P Sudrajad Tropical animal health and production 54 (5), 252 , 2022 2022 Citations: 13
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Potensi sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) Kebumen sebagai sumber bibit sapi lokal di Indonesia berdasarkan ukuran tubuhnya (Studi Pendahuluan) Subiharta, B Utomo, P Sudrajad Seminar Nasional Pengembangan Agribisnis Peternakan Menuju Swasembada … , 2012 2012 Citations: 11
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Validation of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with carcass traits in a commercial Hanwoo population P Sudrajad, A Sharma, CG Dang, JJ Kim, KS Kim, JH Lee, S Kim, SH Lee Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences 29 (11), 1541 , 2016 2016 Citations: 9
Characteristics of body weight and measurement of Peranakan Ongole and Brahman cattle in the tropics TA Bramastya, S Sukaryo, MI Dhiaurridho, J Riyanto, SD Volkandari, ... IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1001 (1), 012015 , 2022 2022 Citations: 8
The genetic diversity of Indonesian cattle has been shaped by multiple introductions and adaptive introgression X Wang, C Nursyifa, SG Aninta, G Garcia-Erill, LD Bertola, A Khan, J Kuja, ... Nature Communications 16 (1), 8192 , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
Genome-wide Association Study of Birth Weight in Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus). P Sudrajad, H Suhada, D Prasetyo, PN Gariri, E Eddianto, AF Abiyoga, ... Tropical Animal Science Journal 46 (2) , 2023 2023 Citations: 7
Association of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 with body weight and measurement of Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) M Cahyadi, S Sukaryo, MI Dhiaurridho, TA Bramastya, Y Yanti, J Riyanto, ... Veterinary World 15 (3), 782 , 2022 2022 Citations: 5
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