Raja Prabu Ramachandran

 Currently Serving as Director (Accreditation & Ranking) and Director (IQAC) at GITAM : A Category – I Deemed to be University

 Published / Presented 100+ Research Articles in Journals / Conferences

 Guided 05 Ph.D Scholars, 01 Scholar submitted Thesis & Guiding 03 other Research Scholars

 Co Authored 1 Book published by Elsevier & Edited 10+ Conference Proceedings

 Successfully Completed 3 Funded Projects

 1 Patent got Published

 Collaborative Research with Purdue University, USA has resulted in 10+ Joint Publications

 Industrial Consultancy to ETA Group, Alstom, Oblum, Apollo Tyres, Garuda VayuSakthi etc.,

 Presented Guest Lectures on “Outdoor Polymeric Insulators” at KOBE University, Japan, University of Missouri, USA and at Chongqing University, China on Invitation

 Countries visited include USA, UK, Japan, China, UAE, Singapore, Malaysia, Hongkong, Thailand, Srilanka, Muscat, Sarawak etc.,

 Member in Professional Societies like IEEE, IE, CIGRE, ISTE, C.Engg.,

EDUCATION

Degree Discipline University Year of Passing

Ph.D. High Voltage Engineering Anna University (CEG) 2006

M.E. Power System Engineering Annamalai University 1990

B.E. Electrical & Electronics Engineering Annamalai University 1988

Training "Electroporation for Effective Cancer
(Post Doctorate) Treatment (Bio Electrics)" Purdue University, USA 2008

P.G.D.B.A. Business Administration Annamalai University 1989

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Bio Electrics
Outdoor Polymeric Insulators
Micro Grid Protection
Pulsed Electric Field

FUTURE PROJECTS

Scopus Publications

Empirical Mode Decomposition and Optimization Assisted ANN Based Fault Classification Schemes for Series Capacitor Compensated Transmission Line




A new relaying approach for protecting TCSC compensated transmission line connected to DFIG based wind farm
Omkar Koduri, R. Ramachandran, and M. Saiveerraju
Elsevier BV



An innovative fuzzy logic frequency regulation strategy for two-area power systems
Namburi Nireekshana, R. Ramachandran, and Goddati Venkata Narayana
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
Modern environmentally friendly power system designs offer several application benefits, but they also generate losses. In order for this structured power system to operate reliably, the total generation, total load demand, and system losses must be balanced. Changes in load demand disrupt both the real and reactive power balances. As a result, the system frequency and tie-line interchange power differ from their planned values. A large variance in system frequency can cause the system to crash. Multiple connected area systems use clever load frequency control techniques in this scenario to deliver dependable and high-quality frequency and tie-line power delivery. In this case, a freestanding hybrid power system is considered, with generated power and frequency intelligently managed. In addition to the unpredictability of the wind, frequent changes in the load profile can result in significant and damaging power variations. The output power of such renewable sources may fluctuate to the point where major frequency and voltage variations occur in the system. The fuzzy logic PID controller (FLPIDC) is an intelligent approach recently proposed to address the load frequency control (LFC) issue of an interconnected power system. Standard proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers operate each section of the system.


Novel Intelligence ANFIS Technique for Two-Area Hybrid Power System’s Load Frequency Regulation
Namburi Nireekshana, R. Ramachandran, and G.V. Narayana
EDP Sciences
The main objective of Load Frequency Control (LFC) is to effectively manage the power output of an electric generator at a designated site, in order to maintain system frequency and tie-line loading within desired limits, in reaction to fluctuations. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is a controller that integrates the beneficial features of neural networks and fuzzy networks. The comparative analysis of Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID)-based methodologies demonstrates that the suggested ANFIS controller outperforms both the PID controller and the ANN controller in mitigating power and frequency deviations across many regions of a hybrid power system. Two systems are analysed and represented using mathematical models. The initial system comprises a thermal plant alongside photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected installations equipped with maximum power point trackers (MPPT). The second system comprises hydroelectric systems. The MATLAB/Simulink software is employed to conduct a comparative analysis of the outcomes produced by the controllers.


An Adaptive Centralized Protection and Relay Coordination Algorithm for Microgrid
Regin Bose Kannaian, Belwin Brearley Joseph, and Raja Prabu Ramachandran
MDPI AG
To meet the increased customer demands, microgrid evolved. The structure of microgrid changes dynamically due to the intermittent nature of renewable-based generation, status of the distributed generator and opening of breakers for fault/maintenance. Hence, the magnitude of fault current is dynamic in nature. In order to deal with these dynamic changes, this paper addresses an adaptive central microgrid controller-based protection and relay coordination scheme, which revises the relay settings dynamically (both radial and looped configuration) for every change in topology. In the proposed algorithm, the primary relay responds to a fault immediately since the individual relays are given with fault level setting. For any abnormality in the network, the fault location is determined both via local relay and microgrid central controller (MCC). Hence, even though the local relay fails to identify the fault due to high fault impedance, the MCC locates the fault accurately and isolates the minimum faulty part. The coordination between relays is carried out by MCC in a time-graded manner based on microgrid central protection and relay coordination algorithm. The proposed algorithm is tested using Matlab in a microgrid built based on the IEEE 33 bus distribution network.


A New Soft Computing Fuzzy Logic Frequency Regulation Scheme for Two Area Hybrid Power Systems
Namburi Nireekshana, R. Ramachandran, and G. V. Narayana
FOREX Publication
Modern renewable energy power system designs provide significant application benefits, but they also produce losses. The total generation, total load demand, and system losses must be balanced in order for this structured power system to operate reliably. The actual and reactive power balances are disturbed as a result of changes in load demand. System frequency and tie line interchange power deviate from their planned values as a result of this. A high system frequency deviation can cause the system to crash. In that case, multiple connect area systems use intelligent load frequency control techniques to deliver dependable and high-quality frequency and tie line power flow. Here, a standalone hybrid power system is taken into consideration, with generated power and frequency being controlled intelligently. In addition to the unpredictable nature of the wind, frequent adjustments in the load profile can produce sizeable and detrimental power variations. The output power of such renewable sources may fluctuate to the point that it causes significant frequency and voltage changes in the grid. An intelligent approach recently proposed to address the load frequency control (LFC) issue of an interconnected power system is known as fuzzy logic PID controller (FLPIDC). Standard proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers are used to control each section of the system.


A Novel Swarm Approach for Regulating Load Frequency in Two-Area Energy Systems
Namburi Nireekshana, R. Ramachandran, and G. V. Narayana
FOREX Publication
One of the most important strategies for running and controlling an electric power system is the load frequency controller. LFC can be used to solve a variety of issues, such as when a generating unit is rapidly turned off by protection equipment or when a heavy load is quickly connected or disconnected. When disturbances disrupt the natural power balance, the frequency deviates from what it should be. LFC is in charge of balancing the load and restoring the natural frequency to its proper level. In this case, load frequency control optimization techniques are used in the Multiple Connect Area System to provide reliable and quality operation on frequency and tie line power flow. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how optimising LFC in a two-area interconnected energy system with hydro, thermal plants, and a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method may improve power system stability and save revenue on power generation. A standard (PID) controller is used to control the system. The PSO optimization approach is utilised to determine the optimal gain values of the controllers kp, ki, and kd.


Adaptive relay co-ordination scheme for radial microgrid
Belwin J. Brearley, R. Raja Prabu, K. Regin Bose, and V. Sankaranarayanan
Informa UK Limited
The relay co-ordination is the nerve centre of the microgrid system, as the same is responsible for the reliability of operation and enhanced efficacy. This research work focuses on an ‘adaptive ce...


An Enhanced Electroporator Design for Pulse Generation
S. Pachamuthu, D. Najumnissa, K. Sankaranarayanan, and R. P. Ramachandran
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research
An electroporator is an instrument used for delivering electrical pulses to a tumor. In this work, an electroporator consisting of three main system blocks, namely High Voltage (HV) source, nanosecond (ns) switching, and pulse generation, was designed, developed, and evaluated to generate high voltage ns pulses to treat tumors. The high-voltage source block was used to convert the 9.6V DC from the battery to a variable HV output and store this charge for later use. The ns switching block contained a MOSFET-based low-side switch which applies short ns pulses to the load. The pulse generation block generates short ns pulses and supplies the adequate current to turn on the MOSFET at a quicker rate aiding the application of these pulses to the load. This process was simulated using PSpice software and the results are presented.


Electric Field Analysis Of Coated Titanium Electrodes On Microbial Inactivation Under Pulsed Electric Field Treatment




Electric field analysis of water electrodes for noninvasive pulsed electric field applications
Ramya Ramaswamy, , Dr. R. Raja Prabu, Dr. V. Gowrisree, , and
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Engineering and Sciences Publication - BEIESP
Electroporation is an effective phenomenon of inactivating viable pathogens present in the liquid food for pulsed electric field (PEF) applications. It is a technique which depends on applied electric field strength for causing pores on cell plasma membrane. The various parameters which affect the electroporation efficacy are, the electric field intensity, pulse width, number of pulses, pulse interval and the electrode. The electrode provides a contact between the high voltage pulse generator and the liquid food, and it plays an important role in getting the required inactivation outcome. The electric field distribution varies based on electrode designs. Parallel plate electrodes are generally used due to the uniform electric field it delivers in the inactivation area, where high possibility of microbial inactivation will occur. This paper analyses the effectiveness of round edged parallel plate electrodes immersed in water which provides uniform electric field distribution in the inactivation area. Analyses have been performed on electric field distribution through four kinds of materials such as glass, alumina, quartz and plexiglass, which contains these electrodes in the center filled with sterile water. The electrodes are circular, and edge smoothened and hence the field distribution is also analyzed on electrode edges. The distance between the electrodes including the surface material is kept at 5 mm. The diameter of the electrodes are 40 mm and the electric field simulations are implemented in ANSYS MAXWELL v 15.0. Based on results it is reported that alumina required less peak voltage for generating 20 kV/cm field strength (nominal field required for bacterial inactivation) when compared with other materials. Also alumina exhibited less reduction of field travelling through it, and resulted in 82% of field application in the inactivation area which is comparatively higher than other materials. The results indicate that alumina is highly recommended for future noninvasive pulsed electric field applications.


Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus using pulsed electric field treatment under treatment time variation
Ramya Ramaswamy, Raja Prabu Ramachandran, and V. Gowrisree
Praise Worthy Prize
Pulsed electric field treatment has been successfully applied in various liquid foods in order to inactivate microorganisms through the process of electroporation. The shelf life of liquid foods can be extended using pulsed electric field treatment thereby maintaining the quality attributes of foods with less energy consumption when compared with other heat treatment methods. However, few efforts have been made by using Pulsed electric field technology on electric field application through specific electrode materials focusing on specific type of microorganisms. In this research, Pulsed Electric Field treatment chamber has been modelled using electromagnetic simulation software and has been implemented practically for experimental testing. Titanium electrodes have been used for successful pulsed power applications on culture medium, where Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was inoculated at 107 colony forming units per ml in sterile water. The impact of Pulsed Electric Field application on microbial colonies has been observed for treatment time variation from one to six minutes. The pulse width has been set to 1 microsecond at a pulse repetition rate of 50 pulses per second. The results have demonstrated that: (i) up to 85% of field reduction could be observed on simulated electrode edges; (ii) under experimentation, the best inactivation efficiency has been obtained at one minute (Continuous) and six minutes (Discrete), with field requirements of 35 kV/cm and 39 kV/cm, resulting in 1.89 and 1.82 of bacterial log reduction respectively.


High Voltage Pulsed Electric Field Application Using Titanium Electrodes for Bacterial Inactivation in Unpurified Water
Ramya RAMASWAMY, Raja PRABU RAMACHANDRAN, and V. GOWRISREE
Japan Society for Food Engineering
Research Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Seethakathi Estate, Vandalur, Chennai 600048, India. Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Seethakathi Estate, Vandalur, Chennai 600048, India. Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai 600025, India.


Electric field analysis of different compact electrodes for pulsed electric field applications in liquid food
Ramya Ramaswamy and Raja Prabu Ramachandran
IEEE
Electromagnetic simulation is performed on two compact electrode designs to obtain higher electric field distribution between high voltage and ground electrode, which ensures high bacterial inactivation in liquid food. Electric field simulations are performed initially for test voltages of 1kV to 5kV to understand the nature of electric field distribution in the inactivation area. Then the applied voltage is gradually increased to induce transmembrane potential on the cell membrane. The microorganism modeled for field analysis is Staphylococcus aureus. For both the round edged and torus tube designs, the transmembrane potential of 0.5V to 1V is achieved with the spherical cell, modeled between the high voltage and the ground electrode, which shows pore formation possibility. Dimensions of the electrodes are maintained in mm and cm suitable for laboratory scale, continuous pulsed electric field treatments. In both the designs, emphasis is on the simulation to achieve higher electric field application in the inactivation area, which can be realized through satisfying electroporation phenomenon. From the observed results, it is understood that greater electric field application is achievable even using small efficient electrode designs, which in turn assures i) A greater bacterial inactivation in the liquid food and ii) A compact pulsed electric field experimental prototype.


Design and analysis of grid connected PV generation system
T. D. Sudhakar, K. N. Srinivas, M. Mohana Krishnan, and R. Raja Prabu
Springer Singapore



A review on issues and approaches for microgrid protection
Belwin J. Brearley and R. Raja Prabu
Elsevier BV



Design of a grid connected system using proteus software
T. D. Sudhakar, M. Mohana Krishnan, K. N. Srinivas, and R. Raja Prabu
IEEE
Nowadays the usage of renewable energy source is being encouraged in developing countries to meet the power shortages. The produced supply must follow the precised guidelines, so that the supply can be connected to the grid system. In this work, a grid connected module is developed using a DC - DC converter and conventional H - bridge inverter. The aim of the proposed methodology is to reduce the size of the filter used across the inverter and it is achieved. This is done by applying SPWM wave to the DC - DC SEPIC converter and the H - bridge inverter is operated at normal power frequency.


Modeling and simulation of distribution network with the integration of distribution generator using Matlab
T. D. Sudhakar, M. Raja Rajan, K. N. Srinivasan, R. Raja Prabu, T.V. Narmadha, and M. Mohana Krishnan
Indian Society for Education and Environment
Background: Due to increasing power demand across the country, the usage of renewable systems is being increased. One such efficient and compactly available renewable energy is solar power. In this paper, a clear view of harnessing maximum DC solar power output and converting it to AC is discussed. Methods: A method of grid interconnection of solar powered inverter is presented with IEEE-15 bus system as an example model using Matlab simulation. Findings: A detailed analysis of bus voltage, load current and line current is made with the simulated model. Applications/Improvements: The data obtained could be used for fine optimization of the position in which the distribution generator interconnection is to be made.


An in vitro study of electroporation of leukemia and cervical cancer cells
Raja Prabu Ramachandran, S. Madhivanan, Raji Sundararajan, Cindy Wan-Ying Lin, and Kavitha Sankaranarayanan
Elsevier
Cancer therapies mainly target the uncontrolled proliferation of the cancerous cells. A translational therapy for inoperable, chemo– and radio-resistant tumors is electroporation-based chemotherapy, known as electrochemotherapy, a physical means of using electrical pulses in conjunction with minimal doses of the chemo drug to achieve proliferation control. It is applicable to all histologies of tumors and its efficacy depends on a variety of factors, including the electric field intensity, the pulse duration and the number of pulses. In this chapter, we describe the optimization of pulse parameters for effective electroporation of leukemic and cervical cancer cell lines. Human promyelocytic leukemia (HL60), human acute myeloid leukemia (KG1) and human cervical (ME180) cancer cell lines were subjected to electroporation in the presence of various doses of FDA approved chemo drug, Bleomycin. The effect of curcumin and electroporation is also tested for HL60 cells. The results indicate that by using electroporation, chemo drug molecules could be uploaded into these cells to control proliferation. This promises to be a very useful tool for treating patients suffering from chemo-refractive tumors.


Electrically-enhanced proliferation control of cancer-stem-cells-like adult human mesenchymal stem cells – a novel modality of treatment
Kavitha Sankaranarayanan, Raja Prabhu Ramachandran, and Raji Sundararajan
Elsevier
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have the potential to be chemo-resistant and recurrent and/or to become metastatic tumors. It is highly critical to control the proliferation of CSCs using alternative therapies. Towards this end, we studied the proliferation control of cancer-stem-cell like mesenchymal cells using electrical pulses and Bleomycin, a FDA approved (in the US, and the respective medical agencies in the other countries) chemotherapeutic drug. For this purpose, adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), derived from bone marrow, were used. Both low intensity, long duration (200 V/cm, 10 ms) and high intensity, short duration (1200 V/cm, 100 μs) pulses were applied and their efficacies studied. The results indicate that electrical pulses-based therapy could be utilized economically and efficiently to control the proliferation of hMSCs and shows promise of an easy transition to use in the clinic.


Irreversible electroporation: a drug-free cancer treatment
Raji Sundararajan, Therese Salameh, Ignacio G. Camarillo, R. Raja Prabu, Arutselvan Natarajan, and Kavitha Sankaranarayanan
Elsevier



Fault analysis of multi bus system with three phase solid state circuit breaker




Understanding treeing phenomena in XLPE cable insulation under composite voltages
K. G. Shanmuga Priya, R. Raja Prabu, C. L. G. Pavan Kumar, and R. Sarathi
IEEE
Electrical trees were experimentally generated in XLPE cable insulation under AC and composite voltage formed with AC and DC voltages. Bush type and tree like tree structures were generated. Analysis of time to failure due to electrical trees was made by adopting Weibull distribution studies. The life of cable insulation due to electrical tree failure is enhanced in presence of offset voltage. The rate of tree propagation is high under AC voltage with positive offset. Applied voltage and failure time of insulation shows inverse relationship. It is realized that, the frequency content of the UHF signal generated during tree propagation lies in the range 1-3 GHz. The Phase resolved partial discharge (PRPD) analysis indicates that discharges occur in the rising portion of the applied AC voltage. With composite voltages, the discharges occurs near the zero crossing and is predominant with positive DC voltage superposed with AC voltage.


Automotive infotainment power management solution by modeling, analysis and control of 42V/14V DC-DC automotive interleaved buck converter
Anila Thyagarajan, R. Raja Prabu, and G. Uma
IEEE
This paper will focus on the Power Management solution of vehicles via Modeling, analysis and simulation of a 42V/14V dc/dc converter based architecture. This architecture is considered to be technically a viable solution for automotive dual-voltage power system for passenger car in the near future. An interleaved dc/dc converter system is chosen for the automotive converter topology due to its advantages regarding filter reduction, dynamic response, reduced ripples and power management. Presented herein, is a model based on one kilowatt interleaved sixphase buck converter designed to operate in a Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM). The control strategy of the converter is based on a voltagemode-controlled Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) with a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID). The effectiveness of the interleaved step-down converter is verified through simulation results using Matlab/Simulink.


Improvement of transient stability of power system using solid state circuit breaker
Amirthalingam
Science Publications
The aim of this study is to use a solid state circuit breaker for the improvement of transient stability margin. Long distance AC transmission is often subject to stability problems, which limits the transmission capability. Interconnected power systems suffer from weakly damped swings between synchronous generator and sub systems. The development of modern power system has lead to an increasing complexity in the study of power system and also presents new challenges to power system stability and in particular to the aspects of transient stability and small signal stability. Transient stability control plays a significant role in ensuring the stable operation of power systems in the event of large disturbances and faults and is thus a significant area of research. This study investigates the improvement of transient stability of a two area system, using Solid State Circuit Breaker which is capable of fast switching in case of faults and thus controlling the real and reactive power flows in a faulted transmission line. Simulations are carried out in Matlab/Simulink environment for two area system model with Solid State Circuit Breaker to analyze the effects of SSCB on transient stability performance of the system. From the simulation results, swing curves of the three phase faulted power system without SSCB gets increases monotonically and thus the system can be considered as unstable whereas the swing curves of the system with an SSCB reaches to a steady state.

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Publications

International / National Journals : 34
International / National Conferences : 70
Total Publications : 104

GRANT DETAILS

Principal Investigator

 AICTE, GOI, under R&D scheme
 Project worth of Rs. 6 Lakhs
 Duration – 3 years (2001 – 04)
 Performance Study of Outdoor Polymeric Insulators.
 Project completed successfully and completion report is submitted.
 Developed high voltage test facilities with the help of AICTE grant at Crescent Campus.
 Test facilities are as per IEC / ASTM standards


Principal Investigator

 AICTE, GOI, under MODROB scheme
 “Modernization of Power Electronics Lab”
 Project worth of Rs. 8 Lakhs
 Duration – 2 years (2006 – 08)
 Project completed successfully and completion report is submitted.
 Developed Power Electronics Lab facilities with the help of AICTE grant.



Co-Investigator

 Project from DRDO, GOI
 “Low Magnetic Field Sensors”
 Project worth of Rs. 8.9 Lakhs
 Duration – 3 years (2010 – 13)
 Project completed successfully and completion report is submitted.

RESEARCH OUTPUTS (PATENTS, SOFTWARE, PUBLICATIONS, PRODUCTS)

Title : Silicone / EPDM Polymeric blend compound with ATH & Silica fillers for High Voltage Outdoor Insulators

Application No. : 201641026589

Publication Date : 19.08.2016

Journal No. : 34.2016

Patent Office : IPR, Chennai

CONSULTANCY

 Consultancy to M/s. Oblum Industries, Hyderabad in the “Outdoor Polymeric Insulators”
 Consultancy to M/s. Alstom Unit, Pondy, in the “Outdoor Polymeric Insulators”
 Industrial Training Programme to ETA-STAR-ASCON Group Industries
 Industrial Training Programme to Apollo Tyres
 Regular Consultancy to University Estate Office (Campus Electrical Maintenance & HT Sub Station)
 Industrial Consultancy to M/s. Garuda Vayu Sakthi Ltd.,
 Consultancy to several academic institutions on NAAC Accreditation & NBA Accreditation
 Consultancy to several academic institutions on implementation of Outcome Based Education

Industry, Institute, or Organisation Collaboration

 Purdue University, USA
 University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
 PPKS, Sarawak, Malaysia
 UNIMAS, Sarawak, Malaysia
 UITM, Sarawak, Malaysia
 ETA-ASCON-STAR, Dubai
 AU-KBC, Chennai, India
 Apollo Tyres, Chennai, India
 Frontier Lifeline Research Institute, Chennai, India
 Chennai Power Desalination Training (CPDT), Chennai, India
 Mando Automotives India Pvt. Limited

STARTUP

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SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, or ACADEMIC BENEFITS

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