Mohammed Nuruzzaman

Scopus Publications

China’s Expanding Footprint in South Asia: Perceptions and Responses of India and the Smaller South Asian States
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2026
This paper investigates the diverse perceptions and reactions of India and the smaller South Asian neighbors to China’s expanding footprint in South Asia. While India clearly views China’s BRI-led economic linkages with the smaller neighbors as serious threats to its traditional sphere of influence, the smaller neighbors welcome China’s offer of development cooperation to accelerate the pace of their badly needed economic development. The paper argues that the more China gets economically enmeshed in South Asia through the BRI the stronger is the prospect of economic integration with India’s smaller neighbors and a corresponding decrease in India’s influence. The paper employs the competitive geopolitical and geo-economic theoretical frames of neo-mercantilism and liberal institutionalist strategy to capture and explain the dynamics of diverse reactions and responses generated by China’s growing involvements in South Asia.
Understanding and Combating Modern Slavery in the Ready-Made Garments Industry in Bangladesh
Mohammed Nuruzzaman, Tasbir Raihan
Journal of Contemporary Asia, 2026
The security impact of the Rohingya refugee crisis on Bangladesh and regional states: a securitization theoretical perspective
Mohammed Nuruzzaman, Abdul Wohab
International Journal of Asian Studies, 2026
The Rohingya refugee crisis, a major humanitarian tragedy in contemporary global politics, has gradually precipitated major security challenges to Bangladesh and other states. This paper employs the Copenhagen School’s securitization theory to examine how securitization, especially by the Bangladeshi government and media, has framed these challenges as existential threats. It makes two basic contributions to existing literature on the Rohingya crisis. Firstly, it provides a theory-informed analysis of the security dimensions of the crisis, considering the interplay between the refugee crisis and national and regional security dynamics. Secondly, the paper explores how the refugees securitize their current plight. Empirically, the study utilizes interview data from 60 local residents, law enforcement agencies, and employees of local and international NGOs. The discussion suggests the possibilities and limitations of the securitization theory in the field of refugee or forced migration studies in the Global South.
Joseph Nye’s Soft Power Theory and the Dynamics of China-India Soft Power Competition in South Asia: A Comparative Analysis
Mohammed Nuruzzaman, Noor Mohammad Sarker
International Spectator, 2025
Conflicts, strategic divergences and the survival of economic groupings: Will China–India rivalry make BRICS obsolete?
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 2022
This article probes the viability and survival of BRICS in the context of intensified China–India conflicts and strategic divergences. It argues that occasional eruptions of serious tensions in China–India relations, underpinned by their 1962 border war, threaten to make BRICS an ineffective or weak organization. The article shows that the threats to BRICS’s effectiveness as a new economic grouping originate from both countries’ strategies and counter-strategies to outperform and outbid each other in a number of critical geopolitical areas, most importantly South Asia, and the Indian Ocean Region. The absence of liberal institutional geoeconomic strategies in their bilateral relations to generate meaningful cooperation for mutual gains further exacerbates their conflicts, with clear implications for BRICS. The article discusses three policy implications for BRICS to function as an effective new economic grouping of the Global South—institutional reforms, a shift from geopolitical to liberal institutional geoeconomic strategy of cooperation, and a coordinated policy approach to global political and economic issues.
"responsibility to Protect" and the BRICS: A Decade after the Intervention in Libya
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Global Studies Quarterly, 2022
“Responsibility to protect” (R2P) emerged as a powerful moral and political norm in 2001 signaling a shift away from traditional state sovereignty to human sovereignty. North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) 2011 R2P intervention in Libya, however, created controversies giving rise to sharp differences between the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and the West over this new humanitarian norm. Major BRICS states officially support R2P to protect humans from mass atrocities but oppose military actions to implement it. This article examines the question why the BRICS states are resistant to R2P military interventions to protect humans at grave risk. In contrast to the general view that sovereignty exclusively lies at the heart of BRICS’ opposition to R2P, this article contends that, in addition to concerns for sovereignty, BRICS’ opposition to R2P military interventions is more accurately explained by the four interrelated factors of ideological rift between BRICS and the West, colonial domination of the Global South by the West, controversies over NATO's Libya episode, and the recent economic rise of the BRICS states. The article concludes that R2P, caught in the crossfires of West versus BRICS’ differing positions, portends little hope for its practical application in future.
Does realism explain the Arab Spring? Neorealist alliance formation theories and the Syrian civil war
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
International Journal, 2021
Dominant International Relations theories—realism/neorealism, liberalism/neoliberalism, and constructivism—have so far developed no rigorous theoretical attempts to interpret the Arab Spring, though some marginal efforts have been made to critique the failure of realism to interpret this historical development. This article presents a neorealist interpretation of the Arab Spring focusing on the Syrian civil war, where conflicts between the pro- and anti-status quo forces have unfolded in alignments and counter-alignments centering around rival domestic and external groups. To explain the involvements of rival alliances in the post-2011 Syrian conflict, namely, the United States–Saudi Arabia–Israel alliance and the Russia–Iran–Syria alliance, this analysis employs neorealist theories of alliance formation—the balance of power and balance of threat theories—as articulated by Kenneth Waltz and Stephen Walt, respectively. The dynamics of these formations in Syria lend more support to Walt’s theory that states balance against threats rather than against power. The complex nature and dynamics of the Syrian war, however, calls for refinements of Walt’s balance of threat theory. Accordingly, the article also explores various refinements of Walt’s theory to better explain future complex civil wars involving highly polarized domestic and external parties.
President Trump’s ‘Maximum Pressure’ Campaign and Iran’s Endgame
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Strategic Analysis, 2020
Iran—US relations are in a state of flux due to President Trump’s draconian sanctions, what is dubbed the ‘maximum pressure’ campaign, to force Iran to renegotiate the 2015 nuclear deal. Iran’s ‘counter pressure’ policy, in contrast, has sought to blunt the effects of sanctions and compel the Trump administration to return to the nuclear deal. This article examines the basic thrust, goals and shortcomings of Trump’s anti-Iran campaign, and also explores Iran’s policy choices and responses to face off Trump’s campaign of ‘maximum pressure’. The prospect of slow death under sanctions and recent changes in Iran’s domestic power equations in favour of the hardliners is potentially paving the way for Iran for a war decision to permanently free itself from the suffocating shackles of US sanctions.
Why BRICS Is No Threat to the Post-war Liberal World Order
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
International Studies, 2020
BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) has emerged as a powerful economic group in the global economy and politics, apparently posing threats to the survival of the post-war liberal world order. Its member states (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) are seeking to democratize the post-war liberal world order to increase their shares of voting power in the decision-making processes of the Bretton Woods institutions and thus curb the USA’s dominance over global economic and financial architecture and eventually overhaul the US-led liberal world order. Contrary to the fear of many Western policymakers and analysts, this article contends that BRICS poses no credible threats to the US-led post-war order. The BRICS group’s potential to challenge or threaten the US-led world order is seriously undermined by the internal make-up of the group, its political and ideological heterogeneity, its incapacity to develop a collective world order vision salable to the wider international community and the lack of strong convergence in foreign policy goals and preferences.
Chasing the dream: The Salman doctrine and saudi arabia’s bid for regional dominance
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Insight Turkey, 2019
Western and Islamic International Theories: A Comparative Analysis
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
International Studies, 2018
Muslim traditionalism and violence in the middle east
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Strategic Analysis, 2017
Conflicts in Sunni political Islam and their implications
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Strategic Analysis, 2017
China’s rise, the USA and global order: Contested perspectives and an alternative approach
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
International Area Studies Review, 2016
Post-nuclear deal Iran: Back to the fold of imperialism?
Insight Turkey, 2016
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Qatar and dispute mediations: a critical investigation
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Contemporary Arab Affairs, 2015
Rethinking foreign military interventions to promote human rights: Evidence from Libya, Bahrain and Syria
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Canadian Journal of Political Science, 2015
President obama’s middle east policy, 2009-2013
Insight Turkey, 2015
Qatar and the Arab Spring: down the foreign policy slope
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Contemporary Arab Affairs, 2015
The Arab Spring - Inching Towards a Dead End?
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Global Change Peace and Security, 2013
Politics, Economics and Saudi Military Intervention in Bahrain
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Journal of Contemporary Asia, 2013
The "Responsibility to Protect" Doctrine: Revived in Libya, Buried in Syria
Insight Turkey, 2013
The new Egypt: Socio-political dynamics and the prospects of the transition to democracy
Mohammed M. Hasanen, Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2013
Human security and the Arab Spring
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Strategic Analysis, 2013
Conflicts between Iran and the Gulf Arab states: An Economic Evaluation
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Strategic Analysis, 2012
Federalism and State Disintegration - United Pakistan, 1947-1971: Some Historical Lessons for Afghanistan and Iraq
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2010
Revisiting the category of fragile and failed states in international relations
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
International Studies, 2009
Globalization and Resistance Movements in the Periphery: An Alternative Theoretical Approach
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
New Global Studies, 2009
Liberal institutionalism and international cooperation after 11 September 2001
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
International Studies, 2008
Societal responses to economic reforms in Bangladesh: The workers‘ and peasants‘ movements in the 1980s and 1990s
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Democracy Development and Discontent in South Asia, 2008
The World Bank, health policy reforms and the poor
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Journal of Contemporary Asia, 2007
Beyond the realist theories: "Neo-conservative realism" and the American invasion of Iraq
MOHAMMED NURUZZAMAN
International Studies Perspectives, 2006
Labor resistance to pro-market economic reforms in Bangladesh
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2006
Paradigms in conflict: The contested claims of human security, critical theory and feminism
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Cooperation and Conflict, 2006
Economic liberalization and poverty in the developing countries
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Journal of Contemporary Asia, 2005
Neoliberal economic reforms, the rich and the poor in Bangladesh
Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Journal of Contemporary Asia, 2004
SAARC and subregional co-operation: Domestic politics and foreign policies in South Asia
Md Nuruzzaman
Contemporary South Asia, 1999
Confidence-Building Measures in South Asia: A Bangladeshi Perspective
M D Nuruzzaman
International Studies, 1994

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

China’s Expanding Footprint in South Asia: Perceptions and Responses of India and the Smaller South Asian States
M Nuruzzaman
Journal of Asian and African Studies 61 (3), 2398-2411 , 2026
2026
Citations: 1
The security impact of the Rohingya refugee crisis on Bangladesh and regional states: a securitization theoretical perspective
M Nuruzzaman, A Wohab
International Journal of Asian Studies, 1-21 , 2026
2026
Citations: 1
Impact of Wood Biochar Doses on Vegetative Growth of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) in Coastal Saline Soils of Bangladesh
J Ferdous, M Nuruzzaman
Asian Plant Research Journal 14 (2), 1-10 , 2026
2026
Understanding and Combating Modern Slavery in the Ready-Made Garments Industry in Bangladesh
M Nuruzzaman, T Raihan
Journal of Contemporary Asia 56 (2), 284-302 , 2026
2026
Citations: 2
Joseph Nye’s Soft Power Theory and the Dynamics of China-India Soft Power Competition in South Asia: A Comparative Analysis
M Nuruzzaman, NM Sarker
The International Spectator 60 (4), 40-59 , 2025
2025
Citations: 3
Optimizing productivity and nutritional composition of Boro rice (BRRI dhan97) through vermicompost application
UH Asha, T Ferdous, R Ahmed, M Khatun, M Haque, M Nuruzzaman, ...
Asian Plant Research Journal 13 (2), 1-13 , 2025
2025
Citations: 5
Journal of Advances in Medical Sciences
A Nusrat, R Ahmed, F Ahmed, MM Islam, M Nuruzzaman, M Marazul, ...
2024
Foliar application of micronutrients promotes growth and yield-related attributes of okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in a slightly salinized area.
MR Mostafijur, A Shila, H Kawsar, A Rayhan, KA Ishrat, K Sabia, ...
2024
HEADACHE-RELATED DISABILITY AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF HEALTH PROFESSION IN BANGLADESH: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
A NUSRAT, R AHMED, F AHMED, M ISLAM, MD NURUZZAMAN, ...
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MEDICAL SCIENCES Учредители: Academic Scientific … , 2024
2024
FOLIAR APPLICATION OF MICRONUTRIENTS PROMOTES GROWTH AND YIELD-RELATED ATTRIBUTES OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) IN A SLIGHTLY SALINIZED AREA
MM Rahman, A Shila, RA Kawsar Hossen, KI Anjum, S Khan, ...
Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 27 , 2023
2023
Bangladesh and the Rohingya crisis: the need for a long-term strategy
M Nuruzzaman
The Washington Quarterly 46 (3), 65-79 , 2023
2023
Citations: 10
Innovative Research
R Das, MM Islam, MHU Mazumder, MT Adrin, M Nuruzzaman, R Ahmed, ...
Int. J. Innov. Res 8 (2), 34-39 , 2023
2023
Citations: 16
US–China competition for global leadership: An alternative perspective
M Nuruzzaman
North South Journal of Peace and Global Studies 1 (2), 119-142 , 2023
2023
Citations: 2
Conflicts, strategic divergences and the survival of economic groupings: Will China–India rivalry make BRICS obsolete?
M Nuruzzaman
Asian Journal of Comparative Politics 7 (4), 1025-1044 , 2022
2022
Citations: 19
“Responsibility to Protect” and the BRICS: A Decade after the Intervention in Libya
M Nuruzzaman
Global Studies Quarterly 2 (4), ksac051 , 2022
2022
Citations: 28
Foliar fertilization of micronutrients on the performance of zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo) under the Old Meghna Estuarine Floodplain of Bangladesh.
SB Shafiqe, R Ahmed, K Hossen, A Shila, KI Anjum, S Khan, ...
Research on Crops 23 (2) , 2022
2022
Citations: 4
Morpho-physiological responses of rice to salicylic acid under drought stress.
MT Hosain, MS Rahman, M Nuruzzaman, MH Munshi, ASMF Bari
2022
Citations: 2
Assessment of varietal attributes of okra under foliar application of zinc and boron.
MBJ Maliha, M Nuruzzaman, B Hossain, FA Trina, N Uddin, S Sarkar
2022
Citations: 17
Does realism explain the Arab Spring? Neorealist alliance formation theories and the Syrian civil war
M Nuruzzaman
International Journal 76 (2), 257-279 , 2021
2021
Citations: 11
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 invasion in the central nervous system: a host-virus deadlock.
PK Baral, M Nuruzzaman, MS Uddin, M Ferdous, IH Chowdhury, ...
Acta virologica 65 (2) , 2021
2021
Citations: 9

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

The'Responsibility to Protect'Doctrine: Revived in Libya, Buried in Syria
M Nuruzzaman
Insight Turkey 15 (2), 57 , 2013
2013
Citations: 115
Neoliberal economic reforms, the rich and the poor in Bangladesh
M Nuruzzaman
Journal of Contemporary Asia 34 (1), 33-54 , 2004
2004
Citations: 98
Paradigms in conflict: The contested claims of human security, critical theory and feminism
M Nuruzzaman
Cooperation and Conflict 41 (3), 285-303 , 2006
2006
Citations: 90
Why BRICS is no threat to the post-war liberal world order
M Nuruzzaman
International Studies 57 (1), 51-66 , 2020
2020
Citations: 70
Politics, economics and Saudi military intervention in Bahrain
M Nuruzzaman
Journal of Contemporary Asia 43 (2), 363-378 , 2013
2013
Citations: 69
Beyond the realist theories:“neo-conservative realism” and the American invasion of Iraq
M Nuruzzaman
International Studies Perspectives 7 (3), 239-253 , 2006
2006
Citations: 67
Qatar and the Arab Spring: Down the Foreign Policy Slope
M Nuruzzaman
Contemporary Arab Affairs 8 (2), 226-238 , 2015
2015
Citations: 66
Revisiting the category of fragile and failed states in international relations
M Nuruzzaman
International Studies 46 (3), 271-294 , 2009
2009
Citations: 53
President Trump’s ‘maximum pressure’campaign and Iran’s endgame
M Nuruzzaman
Strategic Analysis 44 (6), 570-582 , 2020
2020
Citations: 45
Liberal institutionalism and international cooperation after 11 September 2001
M Nuruzzaman
International Studies 45 (3), 193-213 , 2008
2008
Citations: 40
The World Bank, health policy reforms and the poor
M Nuruzzaman
Journal of Contemporary Asia 37 (1), 59-72 , 2007
2007
Citations: 34
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Qatar and dispute mediations: a critical investigation
M Nuruzzaman
Contemporary Arab Affairs 8 (4), 535-552 , 2015
2015
Citations: 32
Conflicts between Iran and the Gulf Arab States: an economic evaluation
M Nuruzzaman
Strategic Analysis 36 (4), 542-553 , 2012
2012
Citations: 29
“Responsibility to Protect” and the BRICS: A Decade after the Intervention in Libya
M Nuruzzaman
Global Studies Quarterly 2 (4), ksac051 , 2022
2022
Citations: 28
SAARC and Sub-regional Cooperation: Domestic Politics and Foreign Policies in South Asia
M Nuruzzaman
Contemporary South Asia 8 (3) , 1999
1999
Citations: 28
Saudi Arabia’s ‘Vision 2030’: Will it save or sink the middle east
M Nuruzzaman
E-International Relations 10 , 2018
2018
Citations: 24
Economic liberalization and poverty in the developing countries
M Nuruzzaman
Journal of Contemporary Asia 35 (1), 109-127 , 2005
2005
Citations: 24
President Obama's Middle East Policy, 2009-2013
M Nuruzzaman
Insight Turkey 17 , 2015
2015
Citations: 23
Human security and the Arab spring
M Nuruzzaman
Strategic Analysis 37 (1), 52-64 , 2013
2013
Citations: 23
President Trump’s Islamophobia and the Muslims: A case study in crisis communication
M Nuruzzaman
International Journal 1 (1), 17 , 2017
2017
Citations: 21

Mohammed Nuruzzaman

EDUCATION

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Scopus Publications

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS