Cellular Automata–Artificial Neural Network Approach to Dynamically Model Past and Future Surface Temperature Changes: A Case of a Rapidly Urbanizing Island Area, Indonesia Wenang Anurogo, Agave Putra Avedo Tarigan, Debby Seftyarizki, Wikan Jaya Prihantarto, Junhee Woo, Leon dos Santos Catarino, Amarpreet Singh Arora, Emilien Gohaud, Birte Meller, Thorsten Schuetze Land, 2025 In 2024, significant increases in surface temperature were recorded in Batam City and Bintan Regency, marking the highest levels observed in regional climate monitoring. The rapid conversion of vegetated land into residential and industrial areas has been identified as a major contributor to the acceleration of local climate warming. Climatological analysis also revealed extreme temperature fluctuations, underscoring the urgent need to understand spatial patterns of temperature distribution in response to climate change and weather variability. This research uses a Cellular Automata–Artificial Neural Network (CA−ANN) approach to model spatial and temporal changes in land surface temperature across the Riau Islands. To overcome the limitations of single-model predictions in a geographically diverse and unevenly developed region, Landsat satellite imagery from 2014, 2019, and 2024 was analyzed. Surface temperature data were extracted using the Brightness Temperature Transformation method. The CA−ANN model, implemented via the MOLUSCE platform in QGIS, incorporated additional environmental variables, such as rainfall distribution, vegetation density, and drought indices, to simulate future climate scenarios. Model validation yielded a Kappa accuracy coefficient of 0.72 for the 2029 projection, demonstrating reliable performance in capturing complex climate–environment interactions. The projection results indicate a continued upward trend in surface temperatures, emphasizing the urgent need for effective mitigation strategies. The findings highlight the essential role of remote sensing and spatial modeling in climate monitoring and policy formulation, especially for small island regions susceptible to microclimatic changes. Despite the strengths of the CA−ANN modeling framework, several inherent limitations constrain its application, particularly in the complex and heterogeneous context of tropical island environments. Notably, the accuracy of model predictions can be limited by the spatial resolution of satellite imagery and the quality of auxiliary environmental data, which may not fully capture fine-scale microclimatic variations.
Development of Geomatics Technology Curriculum for Associate Degree Programs within Project-Based Learning (PBL) Muhammad Zainuddin Lubis, Luthfiya Ratna Sari, Siti Noor Chayati, Farouki Dinda Rassarandi, Sudra Irawan, Wenang Anurogo, Muhammad Ghazali, Oktavianto Gustin, Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn Proceedings 2025 10th International Stem Education Conference Istem Ed 2025, 2025 Geomatics technology program has strategically implemented project-based learning (PBL) in its curriculum to improve the quality of learning and prepare competent graduates in the field of geomatics. Student learning outcomes have been aligned with the Indonesian National Qualifications Framework (KKNI) Level 5, which includes capabilities in terrestrial surveying, hydrography, remote sensing, geographic information systems, and cartography. Through the PBL approach, the learning process is designed to develop students’ abilities in identifying and solving real problems in the field of geomatics, as well as communicating these solutions effectively. This method encourages the development of student creativity, critical thinking, and collaboration. Alignment of Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) with the institutional mission and industry needs reflects the study program’s commitment to providing superior and relevant learning experiences, as well as preparing professional and ethical graduates. The percentage of achievement of PEO and PLOs (Program Learning Outcomes) from 60% in 2019 to almost 80% in 2023, and the increase in the number of students during the period, indicate the success of the educational program in geomatics technology programs. The difference in academic achievement and behavior between the fields of hydrographic surveying (75% achievement, 17% plagiarism, 172 submissions) and oceanography (72.40% achievement, 17.40% plagiarism, 160 submissions) during 2019-2023. Through the implementation of comprehensive and integrated PBL, the geomatics technology program can effectively equip students with the technical competencies, problem-solving skills, and understanding of professional ethics needed to face challenges in the field of geomatics.
Image Processing In Remote Sensing Data For Inventory-Based Estimation Of Forest Primary Production; An Assessment Support For Region Forest Inventories Wenang Anurogo, Desi Laurensia Pakpahan, Miratul Khusna Mufida, Metta Santiputri, Daniel Sutopo Pamungkas 2024 8th International Conference on Information Technology Information Systems and Electrical Engineering Icitisee 2024, 2024 The potential of the forest production area requires monitoring and calculation using technology that produces precise and accurate data, so on this basis, this research aims to conduct an inventory of the primary production potential of forest areas with remote sensing data. The calculation of the estimated production potential in this research was obtained from the estimation results of stem volume by adding up all the estimated values, which refers to the research objective that the results of this research were an inventory and an estimate of the potential for forest production in Batam Island, then the processing resulted in an estimated value of 174.217 m3. The highest estimated production potential is in the Sekupang and Batuaji sub-districts, The production potential for the Sungai Beduk, Sagulung, and Nongsa Districts ranges from 7,520 - 25,435. Meanwhile, for low potential production areas because these areas include densely populated areas, shipyards, and built-up land.
Characteristics of Waters during Transitional Season, Senimba Waters Muhammad Zainuddin Lubis, Ganda Surya, Daniel Sutopo Pamungkas, Beginer Subhan, Henry M Manik, Husnul Kausarian, Wenang Anurogo Trends in Sciences, 2022 Characteristics of Waters During Transitional Season, Senimba Bay, Batam Indonesia. Senimba Bay is a water area in Batam City. It is necessary to develop the waters of Senimba Bay due to its location around the bay, which is still not arranged. Development such as changes in sea transportation lines and structuring the bay area requires Hidro-oceanography data, such as current data, waves, tides, and bathymetry. The research discusses the Gulf of Senimba waters' characteristics in the transition season, namely in April-May. The primary data taken is current data, bathymetry, waves, tides, and secondary data is wind data from ECMWF. Retrieval of current and wave data using ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) with several layers of depth. The method used for tides is Least-Square. Flow in the transition season in the Gulf of Senimba waters has a southwest direction during the high tide and northeast when low tides with mixed tides are double inclines, and the direction of the wind blows dominant towards the northeast. These waters have a minimum depth of –12.60 m Mean Sea Level (MSL) and maximum value –0.03 m MSL with current modeling. It produces no significant changes and only occurs in the direction of current in specific locations because location bathymetry factors influence it.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Construction and shipping lanes are in dire need of hydro-oceanographic data processing, especially in industrial areas
 The characteristics of the waters are very important to be seen every season of the year, this greatly determines the patterns and characteristics of waters
 The waters of Senimba Bay, Batam are more dominant in producing sea surface currents caused by winds that point to the northeast
 The depth of the sea is very important to get in doing hydro-oceanographic data modeling, this really determines the level of accuracy of the resulting model data
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Estimating vegetation temperature condition and its impact on drought for natural plantation areas using multi-band sensor remote sensing data Wenang Anurogo, Muhammad Zainuddin Lubis, Brian Anthoy Rumapea, Hidayat Panuntun, Metta Santiputri, Pramaditya Wicaksono Proceedings of Icae 2020 3rd International Conference on Applied Engineering, 2020 Drought is closely related to water reserves that are in the soil, both water reserves for land and for everyday human needs. In plantation, drought has a significant impact. Drought can be a barrier to plant production which will have an impact on local economic conditions. However, information about land drought is still lacking at this time. Even though the information is very much needed by various parties. This research uses remote sensing data on Landsat 8 imagery where this research aims to obtain a drought index value using the transformation of Land surface temperature (LST), NDWI and TVDI which will then be performed correlation regression equations and test the interpretation of accuracy of field data on the potential for a drought of plantation land in the research area. The results of data processing showed that the distribution of the most drought potential of plantation areas in Rempang Island was the potential for high drought with the total area of plantations having a high drought potential of 5737.073029Ha. The potential for moderate drought in the plantation area on Rempang Island has an area of 2851,479327 Ha. Low drought potential has the smallest area with a total area of the entire plantation area of 447.271236 Ha.
Determination and classification of benthic habitat with lyzenga algorithm in tanjung piayu waters, riau islands Muhammad Zainuddin Lubis, Aditya Hanafi, Wenang Anurogo, Budhi Agung Prasetyo, Agaton Mufubi, Beginer Subhan, Hanifah Widiastuti, Jhon Hericson Purba, Miratul Khusna Mufida Proceedings of Icae 2020 3rd International Conference on Applied Engineering, 2020 Batam Island has topographical characteristics including elevation, and coastal ecosystems that are considered complete include coral reefs, macroalgae, seagrasses, and mangroves. Tanjung Piayu waters are found in the southern part of Batam Island, which is adjacent to the Barelang bridge that connects the other islands to Batam. The water of Tanjung Piayu have the potential to develop into a marine tourism hub, saltwater fish farming, fishing, and many more. In this study, the classification and correction of water columns were carried out using the Lyzenga formula, to see benthic habitats in the waters of Tanjung Piayu. This research uses a remote sensing method with Landsat-8 image data. This study purpose was to determine and classify the distribution of benthic habitats in the waters of Tanjung Piayu. The results of this study obtained four classes in the classification of shallow-water benthic habitats with an area of coral reefs 199.50 Ha, seagrass and sand 496.90 Ha, land 2987.18 Ha, and waters 1603.97 Ha, and with the percentage of coral reefs 3.77%, Seagrass and Sand 8.88%, and waters 30.33%. The Lyzenga algorithm is able to identify benthic habitats and determine the area size according to the class in benthic habitats.
Side-scan sonar investigations and marine seismic of identification object M Z Lubis, W Anurogo, S N Chayati, L R Sari, H M Taki, S Pujiyati Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2020 In the process of identifying seafloor objects, the hydroacoustic method using 2 beams, namely ports and starboards in side scan sonar instruments is a very efficient and renewable method in its field, especially in the hydrographic field. This study was carried out at December 2016 on Punggur waters, Indonesia (104°05.6103 E, 1°04.3226 N until 1°03.3977 N 104°07.9100 E, 1°02.2866 N). The side scan sonar used when recording seabed images in this study uses one frequency, 325 325 kHz covering surface around 4.72 km in Punggur waters, Indonesia. The ship navigates using GPS Trimble 361, which is corrected using beacons, with data retrieval activities when the waves are calm. The gain produced by the side scan sonar instrument will have a relationship that will not be the same at every seabed data collection location. Side scan sonar uses a Baudrate value of 19200 and with a value of 8 bits with a maximum Gain value of 8 dB. Highest result of the time is 13568 cm/second and 104.325 cm in line trace object 4 of side scan sonar imagery. Highest result of line trace is target 1 with 191.88 cm on object 1, and highest of time result is 13568 cm/second on object 4.
Pixel-based Remote Sensing Data Processing for Estimating Rubber Plantations Productivity Wenang Anurogo, Robby Darlinto Silaban, Cahyo Budi Nugroho, Mir'atul Khusna Mufida, Daniel Sutopo Pamungkas Proceedings of the 2019 2nd International Conference on Applied Engineering Icae 2019, 2019 Rubber plants are one of the plantation commodities that have an important role in Indonesia's economic life. Indonesia is a country with the largest rubber plantation in the world. A fast and accurate method is needed that can be used to obtain information about rubber plantation areas, one of them is to use remote sensing data. This research aims to test the results of production estimates carried out with remote sensing data with production data measured in the field. The research method used in this study is the remote sensing method and statistical data analysis using regression correlation. This research uses ASTER imagery in the visible channel and Near IR. The result of the correlation between the value of the SAVI vegetation transformation index and the width of the canopy shows that the two variables are related to each other. This is indicated by the magnitude of the value of R2 on the correlation results of these two variables at 0.709. Judging from the correlation model above, the relationship between the width of the canopy cover and the stem volume shows a very strong relationship, judging from the value of R2 which reaches up to the value of 0.816. Production of rubber plants can be seen from field data related to stem volume that has been obtained from field measurements. The level of accuracy of the study is determined using standard error (SE). This standard error (SE) value is applied to the transformations used, which is 0.7118. The SE value was obtained through a model accuracy test between the canopy and stem volume.
SoCa: Software Catalog Miratul Khusna Mufida, Wenang Anurogo, Metta Santiputri, Muslim Ansori, Muhammad Zainuddin Lubis Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Applied Engineering Icae 2018, 2018
Teknologi Penginderaan Jauh untuk Mengidentifikasi Pengaruh Pola Spasio Temporal Penutup Lahan Terhadap Perubahan Temperatur Kawasan DSA Sari, W Anurogo, D Seftyarizki Faktor Exacta 18 (4) , 2026 2026
Inventory of Potential Land Suitability for Settlement on Rempang Island Using Spatial Multi Criteria (SMC) Method N Kristanti, W Anurogo 8th International Conference on Applied Engineering (ICAE 2025), 73-94 , 2025 2025
IDENTIFIKASI PENGARUH KEPADATAN BANGUNAN TERHADAP URBAN HEAT ISLAND DI PULAU BATAM MENGGUNAKAN CITRA LANDSAT 8 W Anurogo, EI Sujiantoro Jurnal Geografi 21 (2), 225-240 , 2025 2025
INTEGRATION OF CELLULAR AUTOMATA-ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TO PREDICT THE PATTERN OF LAND CHANGE INTO RESIDENTIAL FLOORS ON REMPANG ISLAND RZ Siregar, W Anurogo Geographica: Science and Education Journal 7 (2), 65-80 , 2025 2025
Cellular Automata–Artificial Neural Network Approach to Dynamically Model Past and Future Surface Temperature Changes: A Case of a Rapidly Urbanizing Island Area, Indonesia W Anurogo, APA Tarigan, D Seftyarizki, WJ Prihantarto, J Woo, ... Land 14 (8), 1656 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Development of Geomatics Technology Curriculum for Associate Degree Programs within Project-Based Learning (PBL) MZ Lubis, LR Sari, SN Chayati, FD Rassarandi, S Irawan, W Anurogo, ... 2025 10th International STEM Education Conference (iSTEM-Ed), 1-6 , 2025 2025
Context aware parking occupancy forecasting in urban environment for sustainable smart parking system WA Kushardianto, Z Lubis, A Riyadi Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Applied Engineering (ICAE … , 2024 2024
Assessing Wetland and Dryland Transitions in Northwestern Riau Using Sentinel-2 Imagery H Kausarian, JTS Sumantyo, B Batara, MZ Lubis, W Anurogo, P Razi, ... International Conference of Geoscience and Remote Sensing Technology, 10-20 , 2024 2024
Image processing in remote sensing data for inventory-based estimation of forest primary production; an assessment support for region forest inventories W Anurogo, DL Pakpahan, MK Mufida, M Santiputri, DS Pamungkas 2024 8th International Conference on Information Technology, Information … , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Hydrodynamics in Sagulung waters, Batam City, Riau Islands Province, for the Construction of a Private Port MZ Lubis, S Hu, W Anurogo, Y Xu, P Dwi ICAE 2023: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applied … , 2024 2024
Analysis on the change of runoff curve number influence to surface flow debit using ALOS AVNIR-2 data imagery W Anurogo, K Pratiwi, MZ Lubis, MK Mufida, LR Sari, SN Chayati Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang … , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Factors affecting land transfer function and its impact on farmers' income in Srigading Village, Sanden Sub-district, Bantul Regency W Anurogo, MZ Lubis, H Khoirunnisa Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang … , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Identification of chlorophil-A distribution in Piayu waters, Batam Island using Terra Modis satellite image MZ Lubis, GHS Sinaga, W Anurogo, M Ghazali, H Widiastuti, A Mufubi, ... AIP Conference Proceedings 2665 (1), 030004 , 2023 2023
Study of The Physical Condition of The Waters of The Kabil-Batam Port, Indonesia Based on Hydro-Oceanography MZ Lubis, M Ghazali, W Anurogo, PD Wulandari ICAE 2022: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied … , 2023 2023
Reservoir’s Water Quality Assessment Through Trophic State Model Using Multispectral Remote Sensing Data T Kesuma, RRAD Retno Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Smart and Innovative … , 2023 2023
ESTIMATION OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE-ASSESSMENT WITH REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR URBAN HEAT ISLAND IN BATAM MUNICIPALITY W Anurogo, RTC Sidabutar, MZ Lubis, H Panuntun, CB Nugroho, ... GeoEco 9 (1), 1-11 , 2023 2023 Citations: 7
Pemodelan AERMOD Untuk Proyeksi Pola Penyebaran Emisi Heat Recovery Steam Generator PT X dan PT Y R Ismahani, W Anurogo Indonesian Journal of Conservation 11 (2), 51-63 , 2023 2023 Citations: 15
Pembuatan Plang Denah Lokasi Penentuan Daerah Penangkapan Ikan Berbasis Teknologi Bawah Air untuk Masyarakat Teluk mata ikan, Nongsa Batam MZ Lubis, W Anurogo, M Ghazali, SB Aji, PD Wulandari, G Surya Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Politeknik Negeri Batam 4 (2), 125-134 , 2022 2022
Pengaruh Koreksi Atmosferik Untuk Mendeteksi Sea Surface Temperature (Sst) Dengan Mengggunakan Data Penginderaan Jauh (Studi Kasus: Perairan Tanjung Piayu) LM Hanim, W Anurogo, E Heldayani Jurnal Swarnabhumi: Jurnal Geografi dan Pembelajaran Geografi 7 (2), 150-158 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Pembuatan Plang Denah Lokasi, Petunjuk, dan POI sebagai Icon Promosi Desa Wisata Pulau Mubut Darat JH Purba, A Jefiza, SB Aji, MZ Lubis, W Anurogo, T Havwini, N Fadilah Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Politeknik Negeri Batam 4 (1), 18-27 , 2022 2022 Citations: 4
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Pemetaan kualitas permukiman dengan menggunakan penginderaan jauh dan SIG di kecamatan Batam kota, Batam M Farizki, W Anurogo Majalah Geografi Indonesia 31 (1), 39-45 , 2017 2017 Citations: 66
A simple aerial photogrammetric mapping system overview and image acquisition using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) W Anurogo, MZ Lubis, H Khoirunnisa, D Hanafi, F Rizki, G Surya, ... Geospatial Information 1 (1), 11-18 , 2017 2017 Citations: 55
Mapping the distribution of potential land drought in Batam Island using the integration of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) MZ Lubis, HM Taki, W Anurogo, DS Pamungkas, P Wicaksono, ... IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 98 (1), 012012 , 2017 2017 Citations: 37
Multimedia interaktif pengenalan hewan dan tumbuhan langka menggunakan model tutorial EB Sembiring, D Wahyuni, W Anurogo Journal of Digital Education, Communication, and Arts (Deca) 1 (2), 103-112 , 2018 2018 Citations: 34
Distribution of benthic habitat using Landsat-7 Imagery in shallow waters of Sekupang, Batam Island, Indonesia MZ Lubis, W Anurogo, A Hanafi, H Kausarian, HM Taki, S Antoni Biodiversitas 19 (3), 1117-1122 , 2018 2018 Citations: 34
Using Side-Scan Sonar instrument to Characterize and map of seabed identification target in punggur sea of the Riau Islands, Indonesia O Gustin Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology , 2017 2017 Citations: 27
Pemetaan sebaran suhu penggunaan lahan menggunakan citra Landsat 8 di Pulau Batam R Sari, W Anurogo, MZ Lubis Jurnal Integrasi 10 (1), 32-39 , 2018 2018 Citations: 26
Sea surface temperature and wind velocity in Batam waters its relation to Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) MZ Lubis, W Anurogo, H Kausarian, G Surya, T Choanji Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 2 (4), 255-263 , 2017 2017 Citations: 26
Coral reefs recruitment in stone substrate on Gosong Pramuka, Seribu Islands, Indonesia MZ Lubis, SRI Pujiyati, DS Pamungkas, M Tauhid, W Anurogo, ... Biodiversitas 19 (4), 1451-1458 , 2018 2018 Citations: 22
Karakteristik suhu permukaan laut dan kecepatan angin di perairan batam hubungannya dengan Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) G Surya, H Khoirunnisa, MZ Lubis, W Anurogo, A Hanafi, F Rizky, ... Dinamika Maritim 6 (1), 1-6 , 2017 2017 Citations: 22
Interactive modelling of buildings in Google Earth and GIS: A 3D tool for urban planning (Tunjuk Island, Indonesia) MZ Lubis, W Anurogo, A Oktavianto Gustin, A Hanafi, D Timbang, F Rizki, ... Journal of Applied Geospatial Information , 2017 2017 Citations: 22
Mapping of vegetation and mangrove distribution level in Batam Island using SPOT-5 satellite imagery F Rizki, ADL Situmorang, N Wau, MZ Lubis, W Anurogo Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 2 (4), 264-267 , 2017 2017 Citations: 21
Fish stock estimation in Sikka Regency Waters, Indonesia using Single Beam Echosounder (CruzPro fish finder PcFF-80) with hydroacoustic survey method MZ Lubis, W Anurogo Aceh Journal of Animal Science 1 (2), 70-78 , 2016 2016 Citations: 21
Pengaruh pasang surut terhadap dinamika perubahan hutan mangrove di kawasan Teluk Banten W Anurogo, MZ Lubis, N Khakhim, WJ Prihantarto, LR Cannagia Jurnal Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology 11 (2 … , 2018 2018 Citations: 20
Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index In Multispectral Remote Sensing Data for Estimating Tree Canopy Cover Density at Rubber Plantation: Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation … W Anurogo, MZ Lubis, MK Mufida Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 3 (1), 15-24 , 2018 2018 Citations: 19
A spatial approach to identify slum areas in East Wara Sub-Districts, South Sulawesi W Anurogo, MZ Lubis, DS Pamungkas, Hartono, FM Ibrahim IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 98 (1), 012030 , 2017 2017 Citations: 18
Seabed detection using application of image side scan sonar instrument (acoustic signal) MZ Lubis, H Kausarian, W Anurogo Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 2 (3), 230-234 , 2017 2017 Citations: 18
Pemodelan AERMOD Untuk Proyeksi Pola Penyebaran Emisi Heat Recovery Steam Generator PT X dan PT Y R Ismahani, W Anurogo Indonesian Journal of Conservation 11 (2), 51-63 , 2023 2023 Citations: 15
The Characteristics of significant wave height and sea surface temperature in the Sunda Strait H Khoirunnisa, MZ Lubis, W Anurogo Geospatial information 1 (1) , 2017 2017 Citations: 15
Chlorophyll-a, and sea surface temperature (SST) as proxies for climate changes: Case study in Batu Ampar waters, Riau Islands S Antoni, RA Bantan, TA Al-Dubai, MZ Lubis, W Anurogo, RD Silaban IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 273 (1), 012012 , 2019 2019 Citations: 14
